Indlela yokuxilonga iphampu yesibaseli. Ukuxilongwa kwephampu yamafutha emotweni

Iphampu yamafutha, njengoba negama lisho, iklanyelwe ukumpompa uphethiloli ohlelweni lokuphakelwa kwamandla enjini. Ukuze ama-injection akwazi ukujova inani elanele lephethiloli kumasilinda enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, ukucindezela okuthile kufanele kugcinwe ohlelweni lwamafutha. Yilokhu kanye okwenziwa yiphampu yamafutha. Uma i-fuel fuel iqala ukusebenza, lokhu kuthinta ngokushesha ukusebenza kwenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuxilonga kanye nokuxazulula inkinga kwephampu kaphethiloli kuthengwa kakhulu ukuthi abashayeli bazenzele ngokwabo.

Ezinsukwini zakudala, amaphampu kaphethiloli ayevame ukwenziwa ngomshini, kodwa amadivaysi anjalo sekuyisikhathi eside angumlando, nakuba asengatholakala ezimotweni ezindala ezine-carburetor ICEs. Zonke izimoto zesimanje zifakwe ipompo likagesi. Icushwa uma i-relay ehambisanayo icushiwe. Futhi i-relay iyasebenza lapho ukuthungela kuvuliwe. Kungcono ukulinda imizuzwana embalwa nge-starter cranking, phakathi nalesi sikhathi ipompo izodala ingcindezi eyanele ohlelweni lukaphethiloli ukuqala okujwayelekile kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Lapho injini icishiwe, i-relay eqala iphampu kaphethiloli iphelelwa amandla, futhi ukumpontshelwa kukaphethiloli ohlelweni kuyama.

Njengomthetho, iphampu kaphethiloli itholakala ngaphakathi kwethangi likaphethiloli (idivayisi yohlobo lwe-submersible). Lolu hlelo luxazulula inkinga yokupholisa nokugcoba ipompo, okwenzeka ngenxa yokugeza ngophethiloli. Endaweni efanayo, ku-tank yegesi, ngokuvamile kuvame inzwa yezinga likaphethiloli efakwe i-float ne-bypass valve ene-spring calibrated elawula ingcindezi ohlelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, endaweni yokungena kwepompo kukhona i-mesh yokuhlunga eqinile engavumeli udoti omkhulu ukuba udlule. Ngokuhlangene, wonke lawa madivayisi enza imojula eyodwa yamafutha.

Ingxenye kagesi yephampu iyinjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kagesi yamanje, enikwa amandla yinethiwekhi esebhodini ene-voltage engu-12 V.

Amaphampu kaphethiloli asetshenziswa kakhulu uhlobo lwe-centrifugal (turbine). Kuzo, i-impeller (i-turbine) ifakwe ku-axis yenjini yokushisa yangaphakathi kagesi, ama-blades afaka uphethiloli ohlelweni.

Okungavamile kakhulu amaphampu anengxenye engumshini yegiya nohlobo lwamarola. Ngokuvamile lawa amadivaysi ohlobo olukude afakwe ngesikhathi sokuphumula kulayini kaphethiloli.

Esimweni sokuqala, amagiya amabili atholakala ku-axis yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kagesi, enye ngaphakathi kwenye. Ingaphakathi lizungeza ku-rotor eccentric, ngenxa yalokho izindawo ezine-rarefaction kanye nomfutho okhulayo zenza ngokuhlukile ekamelweni lokusebenza. Ngenxa yomehluko wengcindezi, uphethiloli uyampontshwa.

Esimweni sesibili, esikhundleni samagiya, umehluko wengcindezi ku-supercharger udala i-rotor enama-roller atholakala eduze komjikelezo.

Njengoba amaphampu egiya nama-rotary roller efakwe ngaphandle kwethangi likaphethiloli, ukushisa ngokweqile kuba inkinga yawo enkulu. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi imishini enjalo cishe ayikaze isetshenziswe ezimotweni.

Iphampu yamafutha iyisisetshenziswa esithembeke kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza, uhlala isilinganiso esingamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200. Kodwa izici ezithile zingathinta kakhulu ubude bayo bempilo.

Isitha esikhulu sepompo likaphethiloli ukungcola ohlelweni. Ngenxa yalokho, iphampu kufanele isebenze ngemodi eqine kakhulu. Ubuningi bamanje ekujikeni kwemoto kagesi kunomthelela ekushiseni kwayo futhi kwandisa ingozi yokunqamuka kocingo. Isihlabathi, ukugcwaliswa kwensimbi nokunye okufakwe kuma-blades kubhubhisa i-impeller futhi kungabangela ukuba i-jam.

Izinhlayiya zakwamanye amazwe ezimweni eziningi zingena ohlelweni lukaphethiloli kanye nophethiloli, ovame ukungahlanzeki eziteshini zokugcwalisa. Ukuhlanza uphethiloli emotweni, kunezihlungi ezikhethekile - i-mesh ye-filtration eshiwo kakade kanye nesihlungi esihle sikaphethiloli.

Isihlungi sikaphethiloli siyinto esebenzisekayo okufanele ishintshwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Uma ingashintshwa ngesikhathi, iphampu yesibaseli izodabula, kube nobunzima bokumpompa uphethiloli ngesihlungi esivalekile.

I-mesh eqinile nayo iyavaleka, kodwa ngokungafani nesihlungi, ingawashwa futhi isetshenziswe kabusha.

Kwenzeka ukuthi ukungcola kuqoqa phansi kwe-tank fuel, okungaholela ekuvaleni okusheshayo kwezihlungi. Kulokhu, ithangi kufanele ligezwe.

Yenza mfishane impilo yephampu kaphethiloli kanye nomkhuba wabanye abashayeli ukushayela ngezinsalela zikaphethiloli kuze kukhanye ilambu eliyisixwayiso. Ngempela, kulokhu, ipompo ingaphandle kukaphethiloli futhi inqatshelwe ukupholisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphampu kaphethiloli ingakwazi ukungasebenzi kahle ngenxa yezinkinga zikagesi - izintambo ezilimele, othintana nabo abane-oxidized kusixhumi, i-fuse eshaywayo, i-relay yokuqala ehlulekile.

Izimbangela ezingavamile ezenza i-fuel fuel ingasebenzi kahle zihlanganisa ukufakwa okungalungile kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-tank, isibonelo, ngenxa yomthelela, ngenxa yokuthi imoduli yamafutha kanye nepompo etholakala kuyo ingase ibe nephutha.

Uma iphampu inephutha, lokhu kuzothinta ngokuyinhloko ingcindezi ohlelweni lokuhlinzeka ngophethiloli enjinini yangaphakathi evuthayo. Ngengcindezi ephansi, ukwakheka okuhle kwengxube ye-air-fuel emakamelweni omlilo ngeke kuqinisekiswe, okusho ukuthi izinkinga zizovela ekusebenzeni kwenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo.

Ukubonakaliswa kwangaphandle kungase kuhluke.

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• Umsindo wenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ungase uhluke kancane kovamile, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokufudumala. Lesi sibonakaliso sijwayelekile esigabeni sokuqala sesifo sephampu yamafutha.

• Ukulahlekelwa amandla okuphawulekayo. Ekuqaleni, kuthinta ikakhulukazi ngesivinini esikhulu futhi ngenkathi ushayela ukhuphuka. Kodwa njengoba isimo sepompo siba sibi, ama-twitches kanye nokwehla kwezikhathi ezithile kungase kwenzeke ngezindlela ezivamile ezigabeni eziyisicaba zomgwaqo.

• Ukuhamba, ukuphenduka okuntantayo kuyizimpawu zokushuba okwengeziwe kwesimo.

• Umsindo owengeziwe noma ukuduma okukhulu okuvela ethangini likaphethiloli kubonisa isidingo sokungenelela okuphuthumayo. Kuphakathi kokuthi iphampu ngokwayo isemilenzeni yayo yokugcina, noma ayikwazi ukuphatha umthwalo ngenxa yokungcola ohlelweni. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukuhlanzwa okulula kwesikrini sokuhlunga kuzosindisa ipompo likaphethiloli ekufeni. Isihlungi sikaphethiloli esihlanza kahle singadala inkinga uma sinesici noma singashintshiwe isikhathi eside.

• Izinkinga zokuqalisa. Izinto zimbi ngempela, ngisho noma injini evuthayo yangaphakathi efudumele iqala kanzima. isidingo sokuncibilika okude kwesiqalisi sisho ukuthi iphampu ayikwazi ukudala ingcindezi eyanele ohlelweni ukuze iqale injini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

• Izitebele ze-ICE uma ucindezela i-gas pedal. Njengoba bethi, "Ufikile" ...

• Ukungabikho komsindo ovamile ovela ku-tank gas kubonisa ukuthi i-fuel fuel ayisebenzi. Ngaphambi kokuqeda iphampu, udinga ukuxilonga i-relay yokuqala, i-fuse, ubuqotho bezintambo kanye nekhwalithi yoxhumana nabo kusixhumi.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ezinye zalezi zimpawu zingase zibonise hhayi kuphela ipompo likaphethiloli, kodwa futhi nenani lezinye izingxenye - inzwa yokugeleza komoya omkhulu, inzwa ye-throttle position, i-actuator yokushisa, isilawuli sejubane esingenzi lutho, umoya ovalekile. isihlungi, ukucaciswa kwama-valve okungalungisiwe.

Uma kukhona ukungabaza ngempilo yepompo, kufanelekile ukwenza ukuxilongwa okwengeziwe, ikakhulukazi, ukulinganisa ingcindezi ohlelweni.

Phakathi nanoma yikuphi ukukhohlisa okuhlobene nesistimu yokunikezela uphethiloli, umuntu kufanele aqaphele ingozi yokuthungela kukaphethiloli, engachitheka lapho kunqanyulwa imigqa yamafutha, esikhundleni sokuhlunga uphethiloli, ukuxhuma i-gauge yokucindezela, njll.

Umfutho ulinganiswa kusetshenziswa igeji yomfutho kaphethiloli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungase udinge i-adaptha noma i-tee ukuze uxhume. Kwenzeka ukuthi beza nedivayisi, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzodingeka uzithenge ngokwehlukana. Ungasebenzisa i-air gauge ye-pressure gauge (isondo), kodwa idivayisi enjalo yenzelwe ukucindezela okukhulu kakhulu, futhi ekuqaleni kwesilinganiso kuzonikeza iphutha elibalulekile.

Okokuqala, udinga ukukhulula ingcindezi ohlelweni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khipha amandla ipompo likaphethiloli ngokususa i-relay eyiqalayo noma i-fuse ehambisanayo. Lapho i-relay ne-fuse itholakala khona ingatholakala kumadokhumenti esevisi yemoto. khona-ke udinga ukuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngepompo engasasebenzi. Njengoba uzobe ungekho ukupompa uphethiloli, injini evuthayo yangaphakathi izoma ngemva kwesethi yemizuzwana, isiwuqedile uphethiloli osele erempini.

Okulandelayo, udinga ukuthola ukufakwa okukhethekile kumzila we-fuel bese uxhuma i-gauge yokucindezela. Uma ingekho indawo erempini yokuxhuma igeji yokucindezela, idivayisi ingaxhunywa nge-tee endaweni yokufaka i-outlet yemoduli yamafutha.

Faka kabusha i-relay yokuqala (i-fuse) bese uqala injini.

Ezinjini zokushisa zangaphakathi zikaphethiloli, ingcindezi yokuqala kufanele ibe cishe ku-3 ... 3,7 ibha (umkhathi), ngokungenzi lutho - cishe 2,5 ... 2,8 ibha, ngepayipi lokudonsa elicindezelwe (ukubuya) - 6 ... 7 ibha.

Uma igeji yokucindezela inesilinganiso sokuthweswa iziqu ku-MegaPascals, isilinganiso samayunithi wokulinganisa simi kanje: 1 MPa = 10 bar.

Amanani abonisiwe alinganiselwe futhi angase ahluke kuye ngamapharamitha enjini ethile yangaphakathi evuthayo.

Ukwenyuka kancane kwengcindezi ekuqaleni kukhombisa isihlungi sikaphethiloli esingcoliswe kakhulu. Esinye isizathu kungaba ukuthi awekho uphethiloli owanele ethangini, lapho ipompo ingase imunce umoya, owaziwa ngokucindezela kalula.

Ukuguquguquka kwenaliti yegeji yokucindezela ngesivinini sokungenzi lutho senjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kukhombisa ukusebenza okungalungile kwesilawuli sokucindezela uphethiloli. Noma inetha elimahhadla limane livalekile. Ngendlela, kwezinye izimo, isibani se-fuel module singase sibe negridi eyengeziwe, okufanele futhi ihlolwe futhi igezwe uma kunesidingo.

Vala injini bese ulandela ukufundwa kwegeji yokucindezela. Ukucindezela kufanele kwehle ngokushesha kucishe kube ngu-0,7…1,2 ibha futhi kuhlale kuleli zinga isikhathi esithile, khona-ke kuzokwehla kancane kancane emahoreni angu-2…4.

Ukwehla okusheshayo kokufundwa kwethuluzi ukuya kuziro ngemva kokuma kwenjini kungase kubonise ukungasebenzi kahle kwesilawuli somfutho kaphethiloli.

Ukuze ulinganisele ukusebenza kwephampu yesibaseli, azikho izisetshenziswa ezidingekayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukunqamula umugqa wokubuya ku-ramp, futhi esikhundleni salokho uxhume i-hose bese uyiqondisa esitsheni esihlukile esinesilinganiso sokulinganisa. Emzuzwini ongu-1, iphampu esebenzayo ngokuvamile kufanele ipompe cishe ilitha elilodwa nengxenye likaphethiloli. Leli nani lingahluka kancane kuye ngemodeli yepompo namapharamitha esistimu kaphethiloli. Ukusebenza okuncishisiwe kubonisa izinkinga ngepompo ngokwayo noma ukungcoliswa komugqa kaphethiloli, ama-injection, isihlungi, i-mesh, njll.

Ukuguqula ukhiye wokuthungela kunikeza ama-volts angu-12 ku-relay eqala iphampu yamafutha. Phakathi nemizuzwana embalwa, ukuduma kwepompo egijimayo kuzwakala ngokucacile kusuka ethangini likaphethiloli, okudala ukucindezela okudingekayo ohlelweni. ngokuqhubekayo, uma injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ingakaqalwa, iyama, futhi ungakwazi ukuzwa ukuchofoza kokudluliselwa. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, udinga ukuthola imbangela yenkinga. Futhi kufanele uqale ngokubheka ukunikezwa kwamandla.

1. Okokuqala, sithola futhi sihlole ubuqotho be-fuse lapho ipompo likaphethiloli lisebenza khona. kungatholakala ngokubuka noma nge-ohmmeter. Sishintsha i-fuse eshaywayo ngesilinganiso esifanayo (sibalelwe esamanje esifanayo). Uma konke kuphumelele, siyajabula ngokuthi sehle kancane. Kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi i-fuse entsha nayo izoqhuma. Lokhu kuzosho ukuthi kukhona isifunda esifushane kumjikelezo wayo. Imizamo eyengeziwe yokushintsha i-fuse ayinalutho kuze kube yilapho isifunda esifushane siqedwa.

Izintambo zingaba mfishane - kokubili kukesi nakwamanye. Ungakwazi ukunquma ngokushaya ucingo nge-ohmmeter.

Isifunda esifushane se-interturn singase sibe senjini yomlilo yangaphakathi kagesi - kunzima ukuyixilonga ngokuzethemba ngethoni yokudayela, ngoba ukumelana nokuvunguza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi esetshenziswayo kuvame ukuba ngu-1 ... 2 Ohm .

Ukweqa umsinga ovunyelwe kungase kubangelwe ukuminyana kwemishini yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kagesi. Ukuze uhlole lokhu, kuzodingeka ukhiphe imojula kaphethiloli futhi uqaqe iphampu yamafutha.

2. Uma ipompo ingaqali, i-relay yokuqala ingase ibe nephutha.

Thepha kancane kuso, isibonelo, ngesibambo se-screwdriver. Mhlawumbe abathintwayo babambekile nje.

Zama ukuyikhipha uphinde uyibuyisele phakathi. Lokhu kungasebenza uma amatheminali enziwe nge-oxidized.

Khalisa ikhoyili ye-relay ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayivuliwe.

Ekugcineni, ungamane umiselele i-relay nge-spare eyodwa.

Kukhona esinye isimo - ipompo iqala, kodwa ayicimi ngenxa yokuthi othintana nabo abadluliselwe abazange bavule. Ukunamathela ezimweni eziningi kungaqedwa ngokuthepha. Uma lokhu kwehluleka, khona-ke i-relay kufanele ishintshwe.

3. Uma i-fuse ne-relay KULUNGILE, kodwa iphampu ingaqali, xilonga ukuthi i-12V iyafika yini kusixhumi kumojuli yamafutha.

Xhuma ama-multimeter probes kumatheminali okuxhuma kumodi yokulinganisa i-voltage ye-DC emkhawulweni we-20 ... 30 V. Uma kungekho i-multimeter, ungaxhuma i-12 Volt isibani. Vula ukuthungela futhi uhlole ukufundwa kwedivayisi noma isibani. Uma ingekho i-voltage, thola ubuqotho bezintambo kanye nokuba khona koxhumana naye kusixhumi ngokwaso.

4. Uma amandla esetshenziswa kusixhumi semojula kaphethiloli, kodwa isiguli sethu namanje singakazibonisi izimpawu zokuphila, sidinga ukusikhipha emini bese sipheqa ngesandla ukuze siqiniseke ukuthi akukho (noma ubukhona) bokuminya kwemishini. .

Okulandelayo, kufanele uhlole ukugoqa nge-ohmmeter. Uma iphukile, ungagcina umemezele ukufa kwepompo likaphethiloli bese u-oda entsha kumthengisi onokwethenjelwa. Ungamoshi isikhathi sakho ngokuvuselela. Lena indaba engenathemba.

Uma amasongo ekhala, ungakwazi ukuxilonga idivayisi ngokusebenzisa i-voltage kuyo ngokuqondile ukusuka ebhethrini. Iyasebenza - ibuyisele endaweni yayo bese uqhubekela endaweni yokuhlola elandelayo. Cha - thenga futhi ufake iphampu entsha kaphethiloli.

Kungenzeka ukuqala ipompo likaphethiloli lisuswe ethangini isikhathi esifushane kuphela, ngoba ngokuvamile liyapholiswa futhi ligcotshwe ngophethiloli.

5. Njengoba imojula kaphethiloli ihlakaziwe, sekuyisikhathi sokuxilonga futhi usule i-mesh yokuhlunga emahhadla. Sebenzisa ibhulashi nophethiloli, kodwa ungaweqisi ukuze ungadabuli anezikhala.

6. Hlola isilawuli sokucindezela uphethiloli.

Isilawuli singase sibe nokusola uma umfutho ohlelweni ngokushesha wehla uze uziro ngemva kokuba injini icishiwe. Ngokuvamile, kufanele yehle kancane emahoreni ambalwa. Futhi, ngenxa yokuwohloka kwayo, ingcindezi ohlelweni ingaba ngaphansi kakhulu kunokujwayelekile lapho ipompo isebenza, njengoba ingxenye kaphethiloli izobuyela njalo ethangini ngokusebenzisa i-valve yokuhlola evulekile.

Kwezinye izimo, i-valve enamathele ingabuyiselwa endaweni efanele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, cindezela i-hose yokubuyisela bese uqala ipompo likaphethiloli (vula i-ignition). Lapho ingcindezi ohlelweni ifinyelela esiphezulu, udinga ukukhulula kungazelelwe ipayipi.

Uma isimo singakwazi ukulungiswa ngale ndlela, isilawuli sokucindezela uphethiloli kuzodingeka sishintshwe.

7. Geza imibhobho yomjovo. Angase futhi avale futhi enze kube nzima ukusebenza kwepompo likaphethiloli, kubangele umsindo wayo owandayo. Ukuvaleka kwemigqa kaphethiloli namarempu akuvamile, kodwa lokhu akukwazi ukukhishwa ngokuphelele.

8. Uma yonke into ihloliwe futhi igezwa, isihlungi sikaphethiloli siyashintshwa, futhi iphampu yegesi isabanga umsindo omkhulu futhi iphampa uphethiloli kabi, kusele into eyodwa kuphela - ukuthenga idivayisi entsha, bese uthumela endala emthonjeni. -ukuphumula okufanele. Kulokhu, akudingekile ukuthenga imodyuli ephelele yamafutha, kwanele ukuthenga i-ICE kuphela.

Njengoba ingxenye yengonyama yezinhlayiya zakwamanye amazwe ingena ohlelweni lukaphethiloli ngesikhathi se-refueling, singasho ukuthi ukuhlanzeka kwamafutha kuyisihluthulelo sempilo yepompo likaphethiloli.

Zama ukufaka uphethiloli ngekhwalithi ephezulu eziteshini zikaphethiloli eziqinisekisiwe.

Ungasebenzisi amathini amadala ensimbi ukuze ugcine uphethiloli, okungenzeka ube nokugqwala kwezindonga zangaphakathi.

Shintsha / hlanza izinto zokuhlunga ngesikhathi.

Gwema ukuthulula ngokuphelele ithangi, kufanele njalo okungenani libe nama-5 ... 10 amalitha kaphethiloli. Ngokufanelekile, kufanele njalo okungenani igcwale ikota.

Lezi zinyathelo ezilula zizogcina iphampu kaphethiloli isesimweni esihle isikhathi eside futhi igweme izimo ezingemnandi ezihlobene nokuhluleka kwayo.