Uzixilonga kanjani wena ngokwakho umshini ozishintshayo
Okuqukethwe
Ama-automatic transmissions kancane kancane ashintsha ama-mechanical transmissions avela emakethe, asuka esigabeni samayunithi ezimoto asebenziseka kalula aye kwalawo adingekayo. Ukugibela esiminyaminya emadolobheni amakhulu, ukushintsha amagiya njalo futhi ushintsha i-clutch pedal, sekukhathele kakhulu. Kodwa ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kudinga ukunakwa, ukugcinwa nokuhlolwa okuvamile.
Kunini lapho ukuhanjiswa okuzenzakalelayo kudinga khona ukuxilonga?
Ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuxilonga umshini ezimweni ezintathu:
- lapho uthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe enomlando ongaziwa;
- ngemuva kokuphambuka ekusebenzeni okungenasici okuvamile kokudluliswa kubonakala emotweni yakho;
- ngezinhloso zokuvimbela, njengoba intengo yokulungisa ukudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo incike kakhulu emonakalweni otholiwe ngenxa yezizathu ezingazange zibonwe ngesikhathi.
Kunengqondo kakhulu ukuzibandakanya ekuhlolweni kwesimo sochwepheshe beziteshi zesevisi abenza umsebenzi wokulungisa ama-automatic transmissions, futhi okungcono kakhulu uhlobo oluthile.
Ukubonakaliswa kwezimpawu kanye nobuthakathaka kumayunithi ahlukene kungahluka kakhulu, okungahambisani nokuba khona kwesimiso esijwayelekile sokusebenza kwedivayisi yokushintsha isivinini.
Ungahlola kanjani ukudluliswa kwe-othomathikhi
Ayikho indlela eyodwa yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ngoba ukuthunyelwa okuzenzakalelayo kukhiqizwa izinkampani ezahlukene, indlela yazo yokuklama ihlukile.
Kufanele wenze ngokwezigaba ezijwayelekile kakhulu, futhi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, qaphela futhi ugxile ekuphambukeni okusolisayo esimweni esivamile noma emsebenzini.
Izinga lamafutha
Uwoyela udlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwawo wonke amasistimu okuhambisa okuzenzakalelayo. Imisebenzi yayo nemisebenzi ihlukaniswe yaba izindawo eziningana ezimele:
- indima ye-hydraulic fluid, kokubili emabhokisini okuqala, lapho ngokuvamile yonke into yenzeka ngenxa yokwabiwa kabusha kokugeleza nezingcindezi zamafutha ampontshwa yiphampu, nakwanamuhla, angaphansi kokulawulwa ngokuphelele kweyunithi ye-elekthronikhi, kodwa ama-actuator anikezwa ngokukhethekile ukucindezela kawoyela;
- imisebenzi yokugcoba, iqinisekisa ukungqubuzana okuncane kuma-bearings namagiya webhokisi;
- uketshezi olusebenzayo kusiguquli se-torque kunikeza ushintsho ku-torque kanye nesivinini sokunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi kwamasondo ayo ophephela;
- ukususwa kokushisa ezindleleni nokuphuma kwayo okulandelayo kurediyetha noma esinye isishintshi sokushisa.
Ngakho-ke isidingo sokugcina ngokuqinile inani elidingekayo lamafutha ebhokisini, kanye nesimo salo. Izinga likawoyela ku-crankcase ngokuvamile liyabhekwa uma injini ishisa futhi isebenza. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze iphampu inikeze ngokugcwele uketshezi kuzo zonke izindlela, futhi okusele kuzosho ukuba khona kwendawo yokugcina edingekayo.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokulinganisa - lapho ibhokisi line-dipstick kawoyela nalapho usebenzisa ipulaki yokulawula eneshubhu elikude.
- Esimweni sokuqala, kwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga litholakala phakathi kwezimpawu zombuso ezishisayo nezibandayo.
- Enguqulweni yesibili, kuzodingeka wengeze cishe ingxenye yelitha yamafutha asetshenzisiwe ku-crankcase, bese ukhulula ipulaki yokuqala yokukhipha amanzi, okungaphansi kwayo eyesibili eneshubhu elikude. Iphumela ngaphezu kwephansi kwe-crankcase ngokwanele ukuze uwoyela oweqile uphume ngayo. Amaconsi angawodwa kuphela angenzeka ngenxa yamagagasi ebusweni besibuko samafutha. Uma kungekho lutho oluphuma ku-tube ngisho nangemva kokwengeza, khona-ke ibhokisi linenkinga enkulu ngamafutha anyamalalayo. Lokhu akwamukelekile, ngaphandle kukawoyela ozishintshayo uzohluleka ngokushesha futhi ngokungenakulungiseka.
Endleleni, iphunga lamafutha liyahlolwa. Akufanele ibe nemithunzi eshile. Ukubukeka kwabo kubonisa ukushisa ngokweqile kwama-clutch, ukugqoka kwabo okuphuthumayo nokuvala zonke izindlela ngemikhiqizo yokubhubhisa.
Okungenani, uwoyela kuzodingeka ushintshwe ngokuphelele, bese uthemba ukuthi ama-clutch awakashisi ngokuphelele futhi awagugi. Ngokufanelekile, ibhokisi kufanele lisuswe, lihlakazwe futhi libe nesici.
Ikhebula lokulawula i-throttle
Le ntambo idlulisela ulwazi ku-othomathikhi mayelana nezinga lokucindezeleka kwe-accelerator pedal. Uma ucwila kakhulu uma ucwilisa igesi, ibhokisi liyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lizama ukusebenzisa amagiya aphansi ukuze likwazi ukusheshisa. Uma icindezelwe ngokugcwele, imodi yokukhahlela iyenzeka, okungukuthi, ukusetha kabusha okuzenzakalelayo kwamagiya amaningana phansi.
Ukuhlinza kuhlolwa ngokusheshisa okukhulu kwemoto lapho incindezelo icindezelwe phansi.
Injini kufanele ijikeleze egiyeni ngalinye iye kwisivinini esiphezulu, futhi izinga lokusheshisa kufanele lilingane nalelo elimenyezelwe umenzi ngesikhathi sokufinyelela isivinini esingu-100 km/h.
Ukuchezuka kancane kuyamukeleka njengoba izilinganiso zasefekthri zithathwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle ngabashayeli bemijaho abangochwepheshe.
Ukupaka amabhuleki
Uma imoto imile, ungahlola isimo se-torque converter, futha, ama-solenoid nama-clutches ngokucindezela igesi yonke indlela ngenkathi ubambe i-pedal ye-brake. Ijubane akufanele likhuphuke lifike ku-2500-3000, lapho inaliti ye-tachometer kufanele ihlale khona.
Ukuhlolwa kuyingozi impela, akufanele ukusebenzise njalo futhi ngemuva kokwenza kuyadingeka ukuvumela injini ingasebenzi endaweni yokukhetha ku-P noma ku-N ukupholisa.
Ingcindezi kawoyela
Ukucindezela okudalwe yipompo nge-regulator kuyisimo esibalulekile sebhokisi, lapho ukusebenza okulungile kwawo wonke ama-hydraulics alo kuncike khona.
Leli nani lingathathwa njengesithwebuli esingathatha ukufundwa kwenzwa yokucindezela. Isistimu yosizo yesithwebuli izokutshela amanani ajwayelekile alokhu kudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo. Ngaphambilini, izikali zokulawula ingcindezi zazisetshenziswa.
Ihlola ukuhamba kwe-othomathikhi
Ukuhlolwa komgwaqo kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukushelela kokushintsha, ukushintshwa okufika ngesikhathi kumagiya kanye namandla okusheshisa. Ibhokisi kufanele lifudunyezwe lifinyelele izinga lokushisa likawoyela okuzisholo.
Ngokusheshisa okushelelayo, ukushaqeka ngesikhathi sokushintsha akufanele kubonakale, ibhokisi lishintshela kumagiya aphezulu ngaphandle kokuphenduka okuningi kwenjini. Ngokusheshisa okukhulu kakhulu, ukushintshwa kwenzeka kamuva, kodwa futhi ngaphandle kwama-jerks. Ngesikhathi sokubhuleka, amagiya ehliselwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze injini ibhuleki.
Uma ijubane landa, futhi ukusheshisa kunciphisa, khona-ke ama-clutches noma ukucindezela kwabo kokulawula akuhlelekile. Ama-Jerks abonisa okungenani izinkinga ngamafutha, ama-solenoid omzimba we-valve noma ama-clutches egiya ngamanye.
Ihlola ibhokisi kumodi ethi "P".
Ngesikhathi semodi yokupaka ebhokisini, igiya likhiywa ngokuqinile ku-shaft okukhiphayo kusetshenziswa indlela yohlobo lwe-ratchet.
Umshini akufanele ujike uye phambili noma uhlehle emithambekeni. Futhi ukunyakaza kwesikhethi akubangeli ama-jerks amabi, ukudikiza okuthile kungenzeka lapho usuka ku-D uye ku-R.
Ukuxilongwa ikhompyutha
Ukufinyelela okugcwele kumemori yeyunithi yokulawula kungenzeka usebenzisa isithwebuli. Iqukethe ulwazi oluvela kuzo zonke izinzwa ezitholakalayo, ezikuvumela ukuba uhlole isimo ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokukhipha nokuhlakaza ibhokisi.
Uma efisa, umnikazi angakwazi ukuhlola isheke elinjalo ngokwakhe uma ethenga i-adaptha yesixhumi sokuxilonga semoto kanye nohlelo olufanele lwe-laptop noma ithebhulethi.
Eziskena ezingabizi kakhulu, ezingabizi futhi eziphumelelayo zokuxilongwa kokudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo, ungakwazi ukunaka i-Rokodil ScanX.
Idivayisi izofaneleka izimoto eziningi kusukela ngo-1996 ukukhululwa. Ngalo, ungabheka imoto ukuthi ayinamaphutha, isimo sezinzwa, izinga likawoyela nengcindezi, nokunye okuningi.
Uhlelo lwekhwalithi luzokuvumela ukubala zonke izinkomba futhi unikeze amapharamitha okulawula okufanele ahlangatshezwe. Kungenzeka futhi ukusetha kabusha idatha yokujwayela futhi wenze izivivinyo zehadiwe.
Amanani okuxilongwa kokudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo emadolobheni amakhulu aseRussia
Uma kucatshangelwa izindleko zokulungisa ukuhanjiswa komshini okuzenzakalelayo, ukuxilonga kwawo kubiza kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa okukha phezulu kwesimo kungenziwa mahhala, uma inqubo enjalo ihlinzekiwe. Lokhu kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nokuguqulwa kwamafutha okuvimbela kanye nesihlungi, okunconywa kakhulu okungenani njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-40000.
Kwezinye izimo, izintengo zokuxilonga zingasukela 500 ama-ruble kuye 1500-2000 izinkulungwane, kuye ngevolumu yamasheke.
Esimweni sokugcina, ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwenziwa ngokuxilongwa kwekhompyutha, ukuphrinta kwemiphumela yawo wonke amapharamitha nokuhlolwa emgwaqeni nochwepheshe abanolwazi.
