Ikhwalithi yamafutha enjini

Ikhwalithi yamafutha enjini kuthinta ukusebenza okuvamile kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, insiza yayo, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, izici eziguquguqukayo zemoto, kanye nenani loketshezi lokugcoba olushiya udoti. Zonke izinkomba zekhwalithi yamafutha enjini zinganqunywa kuphela ngosizo lokuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali okuyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa-ke, okubaluleke kakhulu kubo, okubonisa ukuthi i-lubricant idinga ukushintshwa ngokushesha, ingahlolwa ngokuzimela.

Indlela yokuhlola izinga lamafutha

Kunezincomo ezimbalwa ezilula onganquma ngazo uwoyela omusha wekhwalithi enhle.

Ukubukeka kwe-canister namalebula kuwo

Njengamanje, ezitolo, kanye namafutha anelayisensi, maningi ama-fake. Futhi lokhu kusebenza cishe kuwo wonke ama-lubricant aphakathi naphakathi namanani aphezulu (isibonelo, i-Mobile, i-Rosneft, i-Shell, i-Castrol, i-Gazpromneft, i-Total, i-Liquid Moli, i-Lukoil nabanye). Abakhiqizi bazo bazama ukuvikela imikhiqizo yabo ngangokunokwenzeka. Okuthrendayo kwakamuva ukuqinisekiswa kwe-inthanethi kusetshenziswa amakhodi, ikhodi ye-QR, noma ukutholwa kwangemva kwewebhusayithi yomkhiqizi. Akukho ukuncoma kwendawo yonke kuleli cala, ngoba noma yimuphi umenzi uxazulula le nkinga ngendlela yakhe.

Kodwa-ke, ngokuqinisekile, lapho uthenga, udinga ukuhlola ikhwalithi ye-canister namalebula kuwo. Ngokwemvelo, kufanele iqukathe ulwazi olusebenzayo mayelana nowoyela athululwe ku-canister (i-viscosity, i-API kanye namazinga e-ACEA, ukuvunyelwa komkhiqizi wezimoto, njalonjalo).

Ukulebula uwoyela wezimoto

подробная расшифровка всех обозначений маркировки на канистре с моторным маслом. Узнай что означает маркировка моторных масел API, SAE, ACEA, ILSAC и ГОСТ для того что-бы выбрать требуемое масло для ДВС авто Подробнее

 

Uma ifonti ekulebula ingeyekhwalithi ephansi, inamathiselwe nge-engeli, icwecwa kalula, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi unomgunyathi, futhi ngokufanele. kungcono ukuyeka ukuthenga.

Ukunqunywa kokungcola kwemishini

Ukulawula izinga likawoyela wenjini kungenziwa ngozibuthe kanye/noma amapuleti engilazi amabili. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthatha inani elincane (cishe i-20 ... 30 amagremu) wamafutha ahloliwe, futhi ubeke i-magnet encane evamile kuwo, futhi uyivumele ime imizuzu embalwa. Uma amafutha equkethe izinhlayiya eziningi ze-ferromagnetic, khona-ke eziningi zazo zizonamathela kuzibuthe. Zingabonakala zibukeke noma zithinte umazibuthe ngokuthinta. Uma kukhona udoti onjalo omningi, khona-ke amafutha anjalo asezingeni eliphansi futhi kungcono ukungawasebenzisi.

Enye indlela yokuhlola kuleli cala ngamapuleti engilazi. Ukuze uhlole, udinga ukubeka i-2 ... 3 amaconsi amafutha engilazini eyodwa, bese ugaya phezu kwendawo ngosizo lwesibili. Uma ngesikhathi sokugaya kuzwakala i-metallic creak noma i-crunch, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu, ukungcola kwemishini kuzwakala, bese wenqaba ukuyisebenzisa.

Ukulawula izinga likawoyela ephepheni

Futhi, okunye ukuhlola okulula ukubeka ishidi lephepha elihlanzekile nge-engeli engu-30 ... 45 ° bese uphonsa amaconsi ambalwa kawoyela wokuhlola kulo. Ingxenye yayo izodonswa ephepheni, futhi yonke ivolumu izosabalala phezu kwephepha. Lo mkhondo udinga ukubhekisiswa kahle.

Amafutha akufanele abe mkhulu kakhulu futhi abe mnyama kakhulu (njengetiyela noma itiyela). Umkhondo akufanele ubonise amachashazi amancane amnyama, okungamadomu ensimbi. akufanele futhi kube namabala amnyama ahlukene, umkhondo wamafutha kufanele ube umfaniswano.

Uma uwoyela unombala omnyama, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo uketshezi futhi uhlanzekile, cishe kungenzeka futhi usetshenziswe, futhi usezingeni elihle kakhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi noma yimuphi uwoyela, lapho engena injini amandla omlilo yangaphakathi, ngokoqobo iqala ukuba mnyama ngemva run amashumi amaningana amakhilomitha, futhi lokhu kuvamile.

Izivivinyo ekhaya

kungenzeka futhi ukwenza izivivinyo ngenani elincane lamafutha athengiwe, ikakhulukazi uma ngesizathu esithile ungabaza ikhwalithi yayo. Isibonelo, inani elincane (i-100 ... 150 amagremu) lifakwa ku-beaker yengilazi noma i-flask futhi ishiywe izinsuku ezimbalwa. Uma uwoyela usezingeni eliphansi, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi uzohlukaniswa abe yizingxenyana. Okusho ukuthi, phansi kuzoba nezingxenye zayo ezinzima, futhi phezulu - ezilula. Ngokwemvelo, akufanele usebenzise amafutha anjalo ezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi.

futhi inani elincane lebhotela lingaqandiswa efrijini noma ngaphandle, inqobo nje uma kukhona izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu. Lokhu kuzonikeza umbono onzima wokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kumafutha ashibhile (noma mbumbulu).

Amafutha esimo sezulu sonke kwesinye isikhathi afudunyezwa ku-crucible esitofini sikagesi noma kuhhavini ezingeni lokushisa elingaguquki elisondele ku-100 degrees Celsius. Ukuhlola okunjalo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwahlulela ukuthi uwoyela ushesha kangakanani ukusha, futhi nokuthi uyahlukana yini nezingxenyana ezishiwo ngenhla.

I-Viscosity ekhaya ingabhekwa kusetshenziswa ifaneli enentamo encane (cishe 1-2 mm). Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthatha inani elifanayo lamafutha amasha (nge-viscosity efanayo eshiwo) kanye ne-lubricant kusuka ku-crankcase. Bese uthela uwoyela ngamunye ngokushintshana ube ifaneli EYOMILE. Ngosizo lwewashi (isitophuwashi), ungakwazi kalula ukubala ukuthi mangaki amaconsi kawoyela owodwa neyesibili azoconsa ngesikhathi esifanayo. Uma lezi zindinganiso zihluke kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuthi esikhundleni samafutha ku-crankcase. Kodwa-ke, lesi sinqumo sidinga ukwenziwa ngesisekelo senye idatha yokuhlaziya.

Ukuqinisekiswa okungaqondile kokwehluleka kwamafutha yiphunga lawo elishile. Ikakhulukazi uma iqukethe ukungcola okuningi. Uma isici esinjalo sikhonjwa, khona-ke ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kufanele kwenziwe, futhi uma kunesidingo, buyisela i-lubricant. futhi, iphunga elivuthayo elingathandeki lingase livele uma kwenzeka izinga eliphansi lamafutha ku-crankcase, ngakho hlola le nkomba ngokuhambisana.

nokuhlolwa okukodwa "kwekhaya". I-algorithm yokusetshenziswa kwayo imi kanje:

• fudumeza injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ekushiseni okusebenzayo (noma weqe lesi sinyathelo uma sesenziwe kakade);
• cisha injini bese uvula ihood;
• thatha i-rag, khipha i-dipstick bese uyisula ngobumnene;
• faka kabusha i-probe emgodini wayo ofakweyo futhi uyisuse lapho;
• hlola ngeso lengqondo ukuthi ithonsi likawoyela lakheka kanjani ku-dipstick nokuthi lakhiwe kanjani.

Uma ukwehla kunomthamo ojwayelekile (futhi hhayi uketshezi kakhulu futhi awugqinsi), khona-ke amafutha anjalo angasetshenziswa futhi angashintshiwe. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi esikhundleni sokwenza iconsi, amafutha avele ageleze phansi phezu kwe-dipstick (futhi ngisho nangaphezulu kumnyama kakhulu), khona-ke amafutha anjalo kufanele ashintshwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Inani lemali

Isilinganiso senani eliphansi kanye nowoyela wekhwalithi ephezulu nakho kungaba uphawu olungaqondile lokuthi abathengisi bazama ukuthengisa izimpahla zomgunyathi. Akekho umkhiqizi kawoyela ozihloniphayo ozokwehlisa kakhulu intengo yemikhiqizo yakhe, ngakho ungavumeli ukunxenxwa abadayisi abangenanembeza.

Zama ukuthenga amafutha enjini ezitolo ezithembekile ezinezivumelwano nabameleli abasemthethweni (abathengisi) babakhiqizi bezinto zokuthambisa.

Ukuhlolwa kokulahla uwoyela

Kodwa-ke, indlela evame kakhulu lapho izinga likawoyela linganqunywa khona indlela yokuhlola ukudonsa. Yasungulwa ngabakwa-SHELL ngo-1948 e-USA, futhi ngayo ungakwazi ukuhlola ngokushesha isimo samafutha ngethonsi elilodwa nje. Futhi ngisho nomshayeli we-novice angakwenza. Yiqiniso, lesi sampula sokuhlola sivame ukusetshenziselwa hhayi okusha, kodwa kumafutha asetshenzisiwe kakade.

Ngosizo lokuhlolwa kokudonsa, awukwazi nje ukunquma izinga likawoyela wenjini, kodwa futhi uhlole nemingcele elandelayo:

• isimo se-rubber gaskets kanye nezimpawu enjini yangaphakathi evuthayo;
• izakhiwo zamafutha enjini;
• isimo senjini yomlilo yangaphakathi iyonke (okungukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi idinga ukulungiswa okukhulu);
• nquma ukuthi uzoshintsha nini amafutha enjini yemoto.

I-algorithm yokwenza isampula yokuhlola uwoyela

Indlela yokwenza i-drip test? Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwenza ngokuvumelana ne-algorithm elandelayo:

1. Khulisa injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ekushiseni okusebenzayo (kungaba cishe ku-+50 ... + 60 ° С, ukuze ungazishisi lapho uthatha isampula).
2. Lungiselela iphepha elimhlophe elingenalutho kusengaphambili (usayizi walo akusho lutho, ishidi elijwayelekile le-A4 eligoqwe ngezingqimba ezimbili noma ezine lizokwenza).
3. Vula ikepisi lokugcwalisa i-crankcase, bese usebenzisa i-dipstick ukubeka iconsi elilodwa noma amabili ephepheni (ngasikhathi sinye ungabheka izinga likawoyela wenjini enjinini yangaphakathi evuthayo).
4. Linda imizuzu engu-15…20 ukuze amafutha afakwe kahle ephepheni.

Izinga lamafutha enjini lihlulelwa ngokuma nokubukeka kwebala eliwumphumela lamafutha.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi izinga lamafutha enjini liwohloka kakhulu, okungukuthi, njenge-avalanche. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uwoyela uma umdala, ulahlekelwa ngokushesha izinto zawo zokuzivikela nezokuhlanza.

Indlela yokunquma ikhwalithi yamafutha ngohlobo lwebala

Okokuqala, udinga ukunaka umbala wezindawo ezine zomuntu ngamunye ezakhiwe ngaphakathi kwemingcele yendawo.

1. Ingxenye emaphakathi yendawo iyona ebaluleke kakhulu! Uma uwoyela enekhwalithi embi, khona-ke izinhlayiya ze-soot kanye nokungcola kwemishini kuvame ukuvela kuwo. Ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo, azikwazi ukumuncwa ephepheni. ngokuvamile, ingxenye emaphakathi yendawo imnyama kunezinye.
2. Ingxenye yesibili iyona kanye ibala lamafutha. Okusho ukuthi, amafutha afakwe ephepheni futhi awanakho ukungcola okwengeziwe kwemishini. Amafutha amnyama, amadala kakhulu. Nokho, imingcele eyengeziwe iyadingeka ngesixazululo sokugcina. Izinjini zikadizili zizoba namafutha amnyama. futhi, uma injini ye-diesel ibhema kakhulu, khona-ke kusampula yokudonsa ngokuvamile akukho mngcele phakathi kwezindawo zokuqala nezesibili, okungukuthi, umbala ushintsha kahle.
3. Indawo yesithathu, eqhelile phakathi nendawo, imelwe amanzi. Ukuba khona kwayo emafutheni akuthandeki, kodwa akubalulekile. Uma amanzi engekho, imiphetho yendawo izoba bushelelezi, isondele kumbuthano. Uma kukhona amanzi, imiphetho izoba mazombezombe kakhulu. Amanzi emafutheni angaba nemvelaphi emibili - ukujiya kanye nokupholisa. Icala lokuqala alibi kangako. Uma i-antifreeze esekelwe ku-glycol ingena emafutheni, khona-ke indandatho ephuzi, okuthiwa umqhele, izovela phezulu komngcele we-zigzag. Uma kukhona idiphozithi eningi emafutheni, khona-ke i-soot, ukungcola nokungcola kungase kube hhayi kuphela okokuqala, kodwa futhi endaweni yesibili ngisho neyesithathu eyindilinga.
4. Indawo yesine imelwe ukuba khona kwamafutha emafutheni. Ngakho-ke, ezinjinini zomlilo zangaphakathi ezisebenzisekayo, le ndawo akufanele ibe khona noma izoba mncane. Uma indawo yesine yenzeka, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi ubuyekeze injini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Uma ubukhulu bendawo yesine bukhulu, kuyanda uphethiloli emafutheni, okusho ukuthi umnikazi wemoto kufanele akhathazeke kakhulu.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwenziwa ukuhlola ukuba khona kwamanzi emafutheni. Ngakho-ke, leli phepha liyashiswa. Lapho indawo yesithathu isha, kuzwakala umsindo oklabalasayo, ofana nokuklebhuka okufanayo lapho kubaswa izinkuni ezimanzi. Ukuba khona ngisho nenani elincane lamanzi emafutheni kungaholela emiphumeleni engemnandi elandelayo:

• Izakhiwo zokuzivikela zamafutha ziwohloka. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuguga okusheshayo kwama-detergents nama-disperants lapho kuthintana namanzi, futhi lokhu, kuholela ekwandeni kokugqoka kwezingxenye zeqembu le-piston futhi kusheshisa ukungcoliswa kwenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo.
• Izinhlayiya ezingcolile zikhula ngosayizi, ngaleyo ndlela zivale amaphaseji kawoyela. Futhi lokhu kuthinta kabi ukugcotshwa kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi.
• I-hydrodynamics ye-bearing lubrication iyanda, futhi lokhu kubathinta kabi.
• Iphuzu eliqandayo (ukuqina) lamafutha enjini liyakhuphuka.
• I-viscosity yamafutha enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi iyashintsha, iba mncane, nakuba kancane.

Ngokusebenzisa indlela yokudonsa, ungathola futhi ukuthi zinhle kangakanani izakhiwo zikawoyela. Le nkomba ivezwa ngamayunithi angenangqondo futhi ibalwa ngefomula elandelayo: Ds = 1 - (d2/d3)², lapho i-d2 ingububanzi bendawo yesibili yendawo kawoyela, futhi u-d3 ungowesithathu. Kungcono ukukala ngamamilimitha ukuze kube lula.

Kucatshangwa ukuthi uwoyela unezindawo zokuhlakaza ezanelisayo uma inani le-Ds lingekho ngaphansi kuka-0,3. Uma kungenjalo, uwoyela udinga ukushintshwa okuphuthumayo ngoketshezi lokuthambisa olungcono (olusha). Ochwepheshe bayatusa enze ukuhlolwa kokuconsa kwamafutha enjini njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili nengxenye imoto.

Umphumela wokuhlolwa kokwehla ufakwe kuthebula

Okushoyo	Ukumiswa	Izincomo zokusetshenziswa
1, 2, 3	Amafutha awaqukethe uthuli, ukungcola nezinhlayiya zensimbi, noma aqukethwe, kodwa ngamanani amancane.	Ukusebenza kwe-ICE kuvunyelwe
4, 5, 6	Amafutha aqukethe inani elilinganiselwe lothuli, ukungcola kanye nezinhlayiya zensimbi.	Kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ngokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kawoyela ngezikhathi ezithile
7, 8, 9	Okuqukethwe kokungcola kwemishini okungancibiliki emafutheni kudlula okujwayelekile	Ukusebenza kwe-ICE akunconyiwe.

Khumbula ukuthi umbala ushintsha ohlangothini olulodwa kanti enye ayibonisi njalo izinguquko ezicini zamafutha. Sesikushilo ukufiphaza okusheshayo. Kodwa-ke, uma imoto yakho ifakwe imishini ye-LPG, khona-ke, ngokuphambene nalokho, uwoyela ungase ungabi mnyama isikhathi eside futhi ube nomthunzi okhanyayo noma okhanyayo ngisho ne-mileage yemoto ebalulekile. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi ingasetshenziswa unomphela. Iqiniso liwukuthi kumagesi avuthayo (i-methane, i-propane, i-butane) ngokwemvelo kuyancipha ukungcola kwemishini okungcolisa uwoyela. Ngakho-ke, ngisho noma uwoyela emotweni nge-LPG akabi mnyama kakhulu, kusadingeka ashintshwe ngokuvumelana nesimiso.

Indlela yokwehlisa ethuthukisiwe

Indlela yakudala yokwenza i-drop test ichazwe ngenhla. Kodwa-ke, bayanda abashayeli bezimoto manje abasebenzisa indlela ethuthukisiwe eyenziwe yi-MOTORcheckUP AG ezinze e-Luxembourg. Ngokuvamile, limelela inqubo efanayo, noma kunjalo, esikhundleni sephepha elivamile elingenalutho, inkampani inikeza "isihlungi" esikhethekile sephepha, phakathi nendawo okuyiphepha elikhethekile lokuhlunga, lapho udinga ukulahla inani elincane lephepha. amafutha. Njengovivinyo lwakudala, uwoyela uzosakazeka ezindaweni ezine, lapho uzokwazi ukwahlulela isimo soketshezi lokugcoba.

Kwamanye ama-ICE esimanje (ngokwesibonelo, uchungechunge lwe-TFSI oluvela ku-VAG), ama-mechanical probe ashintshiwe kwafakwa awe-electronic. Ngakho-ke, umthandi wemoto uncishwa ithuba lokuthatha isampula yamafutha ngokuzimela. Ezimotweni ezinjalo kukhona kokubili izinga le-electronic kanye nenzwa ekhethekile yekhwalithi nesimo samafutha emotweni.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwenzwa yekhwalithi kawoyela usekelwe ekuqapheni ushintsho ku-dielectric njalo kawoyela, okushintsha kuye ngokuthi i-oxidation kanye nenani lokungcola emafutheni. Kulokhu, kusasele ukuthembela kuma-elekthronikhi "ahlakaniphile" noma ufune usizo esikhungweni sesevisi ukuze abasebenzi babo bahlole uwoyela ku-crankcase yenjini yemoto yakho.

Abanye abakhiqizi bamafutha emoto, isibonelo, i-Liqui Moly (uchungechunge lwe-Molygen) kanye ne-Castrol (Edge, uchungechunge oluchwepheshile), bengeza ama-pigments akhanya emisebeni ye-ultraviolet ekubunjweni koketshezi lokuthambisa. Ngakho-ke, kulokhu, okwakhe kungabhekwa ngethoshi elifanele noma isibani. I-pigment enjalo igcinwa amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa.

I-pocket oil analyzer ephathekayo

Amakhono obuchwepheshe besimanje enza kube nokwenzeka ukunquma ikhwalithi yamafutha hhayi kuphela "ngeso" noma ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kokudonsa okuchazwe ngenhla, kodwa futhi ngosizo lwe-hardware eyengeziwe. okungukuthi, sikhuluma ngabahlaziyi bamafutha aphathwayo (ephaketheni).

Ngokuvamile, inqubo yokusebenza nabo ukubeka inani elincane loketshezi lokugcoba kwinzwa yokusebenza yedivayisi, futhi i-analyzer ngokwayo, isebenzisa isofthiwe efakwe kuyo, izonquma ukuthi ukwakheka kwayo kuhle noma kubi kangakanani. Yiqiniso, angeke akwazi ukwenza ukuhlaziya okugcwele kwamakhemikhali futhi anikeze ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe mayelana nezici ezithile, noma kunjalo, ulwazi olunikeziwe lwanele ukuthola isithombe esijwayelekile sesimo samafutha enjini kumshayeli.

Eqinisweni, kunenqwaba yamathuluzi anjalo, futhi, ngokufanele, amakhono abo nezici zomsebenzi zingahluka. Kodwa-ke, imvamisa, njenge-Lubrichek ethandwayo, iyi-interferometer (amadivayisi asebenza ngesimiso somzimba sokuphazamiseka), lapho izinkomba ezilandelayo (noma ezinye ezibalwe) zinganqunywa amafutha:

• inani le-soot;
• izimo ze-oxidation;
• izinga le-nitriding;
• izinga le-sulfation;
• phosphorus anti-seize izithasiselo;
• okuqukethwe kwamanzi;
• okuqukethwe kwe-glycol (antifreeze);
• okuqukethwe kwe-diesel fuel;
• okuqukethwe kukaphethiloli;
• inombolo ye-asidi ephelele;
• inombolo yesisekelo esiphelele;
• i-viscosity (inkomba ye-viscosity).

Izici zamafutha enjini

В физико-химическом анализе моторного масла присутствуют: индекс вязкости, зольность, щелочное числа и другие показатели. О чем это говорит? Рассмотрим влияние базовых технических характеристик на качество и свойства смазки ДВС Подробнее

 

Ubukhulu bedivayisi, izici zayo zobuchwepheshe, njll. zingahluka kakhulu. Amamodeli athuthuke kakhulu abonisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa esikrinini emizuzwaneni embalwa. Bangakwazi ukudlulisa futhi bamukele idatha nge-USB ejwayelekile. Imishini enjalo ingasetshenziswa ngisho nasezindlini zokucwaninga zamakhemikhali.

Nokho, amasampula alula kakhulu futhi ashibhile avele abonise ngamaphuzu (isibonelo, esikalini samaphuzu ayi-10) izinga likawoyela wenjini elihlolwayo. Ngakho-ke, kulula kumshayeli ojwayelekile ukusebenzisa amadivaysi anjalo, ikakhulukazi uma kucatshangelwa umehluko wentengo yawo.