Uphethiloli ungowasiphi isigaba sobungozi?

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba eziyingozi zezinto

Amakilasi ezingozi asungulwa yizinhlinzeko ze-GOST 12.1.007-76 mayelana nalezo zinto, ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuxhumana nazo, ezingalimaza umzimba womuntu kanye nemvelo. Kuphethiloli, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kungumkhiqizo odumile futhi odingekayo emnothweni, osetshenziswa ngobuningi.

I-GOST 12.1.007-76 isungula izimpawu ezilandelayo zengozi:

1. Ukuhogela kwesilinganiso esiphezulu esivumelekile (MAC) sento evela emoyeni.
2. Ukungenisa ngephutha (umthamo obulalayo ngeyunithi ngayinye yesisindo somzimba womuntu).
3. Thintana nesikhumba, ngokubonakala kwezimpawu zokucasuka kwayo.
4. Amathuba okuba nobuthi ngenxa yokuchayeka okuqondile kuhwanqa.
5. Amathuba ezifo ezingapheli.

Umthelela oqongelelekayo wazo zonke izingxenye ezingenhla unquma isigaba sengozi. Izindinganiso zepharamitha ngayinye, yebo, zihlukile, ngakho-ke, leyo enamanani aphezulu omkhawulo iyacatshangelwa.

Amazinga kaphethiloli: siyini isigaba sengozi?

Naphezu kwezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo kaphethiloli, ngokusho kwamagama asekhaya, zonke, njengoketshezi oluvuthayo, ziyingxenye ye-ІІІ yezinga lengozi (lokhu kuhambisana nekhodi yokuhlukaniswa kwamazwe ngamazwe F1). Isigaba esiyingozi sikaphethiloli sihambisana nezinkomba ezilandelayo:

• I-MPC endaweni yesicelo, mg/m³ – 1,1…10,0.
• Umthamo obulalayo ongena esiswini somuntu, mg / kg - 151 ... 5000.
• Inani likaphethiloli esikhumbeni, mg / kg - 151 ... 2500.
• Ukugcwala komhwamuko emoyeni, mg/m³ – 5001…50000.
• Ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kwama-vapor emoyeni ekamelweni lokushisa (kukalwa ngokuhlobene nenkomba efanayo yezilwane ezincelisayo eziphansi), akukho ngaphezu kwama-29.
• Ububanzi bendawo eyingozi ezungezile, okubangela ukuchayeka okungapheli, m - kufika ku-10.

Ikhodi yokuhlukanisa i-F1 ngaphezu kwalokho ithi ukukalwa kwazo zonke izinkomba ezikhonjisiwe ezinquma isigaba sengozi kaphethiloli kumele kwenziwe ezingeni lokushisa elithile (50 ° C) kanye nomfutho womhwamuko (okungenani i-110 kPa).

Izinyathelo zokuphepha

Endabeni kaphethiloli, imikhawulo elandelayo iyasebenza:

1. Okuhlukile ezindaweni lapho kusetshenziswa izinto zokushisisa amalangabi avulekile.
2. Ukuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile ukuqina kweziqukathi.
3. Ukusebenza njalo kwesistimu ye-ventilation (isimiso sokungena komoya asicacisiwe kuzinga).
4. Ukutholakala kwezicishamlilo emagcekeni. Ngomthombo ongaba khona wokuthungela ongaphansi kwamamitha ama-5² izicishamlilo ze-carbon dioxide noma izinhlobo ze-aerosol zisetshenziswa.
5. Ukulawulwa komkhathi kusetshenziswa izihlaziyi zegesi eziphathwayo zesenzo somuntu ngamunye (amadivayisi kufanele aklanywe ukuthola ama-vapor wama-hydrocarbon aguquguqukayo futhi asebenze endaweni ye-MPC, eqondene ngqo nophethiloli).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kutholakale ukuchitheka kukaphethiloli endaweni, kufakwa amabhokisi anesihlabathi esomile.

Izinyathelo Zomuntu Siqu

Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi noma yimuphi umthombo wokuthungela (ugwayi, umentshisi, ipayipi le-exhaust elishisayo noma inhlansi) ungathungela imfucumfucu kaphethiloli. Into ngokwayo ayishisi, kodwa imfucumfucu yayo ishisa kahle, futhi inzima kunomoya, ngakho-ke, ihamba ngaphezu kobuso bomhlaba, ingaba nomthelela ekomisweni noma ekuqhekekeni kwesikhumba. Ukuhogela isikhathi eside komhwamuko kaphethiloli kungase kubangele isiyezi, isicanucanu, noma ukuhlanza. Lesi sakamuva kungenzeka futhi lapho umnikazi wemoto, lapho ezama ukukhipha uphethiloli ngomlomo, ekwazi ukugwinya omunye wawo. Uphethiloli oqukethe i-benzene enobuthi ne-carcinogenic ungabangela inyumoniya yamakhemikhali uma ungena emaphashini.

Lapho ugcwalisa amathangi noma amathini ngophethiloli, kufanele kusetshenziswe kuphela u-95% wamandla awo okuzisholo. Lokhu kuzovumela uphethiloli ukuthi ande ngokuphepha njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka.

Ngidubula ikani likaphethiloli!