I-Intercooler emotweni: isimiso sokusebenza kwedivayisi kanye nezindlela zokuzilungisa ngokwakho

Izimoto eziningi ezinezinjini zomoya ezinamandla ziqukethe ingxenye engajwayelekile ekwakhiweni kwazo - i-intercooler. Kuyini emotweni, ukuthi ingxenye ihlelwe kanjani futhi isebenza kanjani, nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nokulungiswa ngokwakho - lena yimibuzo abanikazi bezimoto zesimanje abaqhubeka bezibuza.

I-intercooler iyingxenye yobuchwepheshe eyingqayizivele yenjini ye-turbocharged, ngenxa yokuthi imoto ithola amandla engeziwe angu-15-20 ngaphandle kwemiphumela eyingozi. Uma kuphakama izinkinga, ukulungiswa kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwalokho injini ye-turbine izoqala ukulahlekelwa amandla, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iyunithi yamandla izohluleka.

Okuqukethwe

• 1 Kungani udinga i-intercooler emotweni
• 2 Umdwebo wengxenye nendawo yayo kumotho
• 3 Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-intercooler kanye nomthelela wayo emandleni enjini
• 4 Izinhlobo zama-intercoolers
  • 4.1 I-Airy
  • 4.2 Amanzi
• 5 Ingabe into ingasuswa?
• 6 Imibandela yokukhetha ukuzifakela yona
• 7 Izici zokusebenza kanye nezimbangela eziyinhloko zokwehluleka
• 8 Zenzele ngokwakho ukulungisa i-intercooler

Kungani udinga i-intercooler emotweni

I-intercooler iyisici esimaphakathi ohlelweni lokuhlinzeka komoya kumasilinda kaphethiloli noma injini yedizili. Yenzelwe umsebenzi owodwa - ukupholisa. Umsebenzi wedivayisi ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lomoya ngokwandisa ukuminyana kwawo. Ngenxa yalokho, umfutho womoya kumasilinda uyakhula, futhi ingxube evuthayo kuwo iba ngcono kakhulu. Ukuhlomisa injini nge-intercooler kwandisa amandla enjini ngesilinganiso samaphesenti angu-15.

Umdwebo wengxenye nendawo yayo kumotho

Ngaphandle, i-intercooler ifana ne-radiator, ehlanganisa amapuleti namapayipi. Ukuze kuphole umoya ngaphezu kwalokho, amapuleti ethusi noma e-aluminium ashiselwe kumashubhu.

Ngaphandle, i-intercooler ayihlukile kakhulu kurediyetha

Enjinini, ingxenye ifakwe phakathi kwe-multifold intake kanye ne-compressor ye-turbine. Ifakwe phambi kwenjini ngaphansi kwe-radiator, noma ngaphezu kwenjini. Kwezinye izinhlobo zezimoto, i-intercooler itholakala emaphikweni.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-intercooler kanye nomthelela wayo emandleni enjini

Ukwanda kwamandla kungenxa yekhono le-intercooler lokunciphisa izinga lokushisa lomoya libe ngama-55-60 degrees. Izinga lomoya ongena ku-turbocharger liyathuthuka kusuka kulokhu, okunomthelela ekugcwalisweni okungcono kwamasilinda ngawo kanye nokwanda kokusebenza kwenjini.

Ubuchwepheshe buzithethelela ngo-100%, njengoba ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa lomoya ngamadigri ayi-10 kuphela kunikeza injini kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-5 wamandla. Ukungabikho kwe-intercooler noma ukungasebenzi kwayo kuholela ekushiseni ngokweqile, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kufike kuma-degree angama-200, kufakwe i-turbine. Lokhu, futhi, kunciphisa amandla enjini, futhi kamuva kungaholela ekuwohlokeni kwayo.

Ukusebenza kwe-intercooler kuthinta ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Ingxube evuthayo ivutha ngokuphumelelayo, okusho ukuthi inani elidingekayo likaphethiloli liyancipha. Ukusebenza kahle kwengxenye kukalwa ngokuncipha kwezinga lokushisa lenjini uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga lokushisa elizungezile. Ukwengeza, i-intercooler inciphisa ingcindezi yokukhulisa ngenxa yokumelana okudalwe yile ngxenye. Ukuze uthole i-intercooler enhle, ukwehla kwengcindezi ye-1-2 psi kungabhekwa njengokwamukelekayo.

Izinhlobo zama-intercoolers

Ngokuya ngomklamo nezimiso zokusebenza, ama-intercoolers ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili:

I-Airy

I-intercooler yomklamo olula uchungechunge lwamashubhu axhunywe imigqa yamapuleti. Eqinisweni, injongo yengxenye iwukudlulisa umoya ngamashubhu avela ngaphandle. Amapuleti akuvumela ukuthi ukwandise indawo yokudlulisa ukushisa, futhi ngenxa yalokhu, umoya unesikhathi sokupholisa ngaphambi kokuba ungene ku-turbine.

I-intercooler yomoya ikuvumela ukuthi unciphise izinga lokushisa lomoya elinikezwa ku-turbine ngamadigri angu-40-50, okunikeza ukwanda kwamandla enjini ngo-12 kuya ku-15%. Ukusebenza kahle kwengxenye kungahlolwa kuphela ngesivinini esingaphezu kuka-30-40 km/h.

Ku-air intercooler, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-air-to-air intercooler, ukugeleza komoya othuthukayo kusebenza njengesipholile.

Amamodeli omoya afakwe ezindaweni ezintathu:

1. Ngaphansi kwe-hood, ngqo ngaphezu kwenjini.
2. Ngemuva kwebhampa yangaphambili.
3. Ezikhaleni ezisemaceleni zamaphiko.

Izinketho zokufaka zesibili nezesithathu zifaneleka kakhulu futhi zivame kakhulu, njengoba zinikeza amandla okugeleza komoya. I-intercooler yomoya ivame ukufakwa kuma-SUV namaloli.

Ukungalungi kwamamodeli omoya ubukhulu bawo obukhulu nobukhulu obumangalisayo.

Amanzi

Amanzi asebenza njengesipholile kuwo, esibhekana nomsebenzi ngokuphumelelayo kakhulu. I-intercooler yamanzi ihlangene kakhulu futhi ayithathi isikhala esiningi ngaphansi kwehood yemoto. Nakuba uma uyifaka, kufanele uthole indawo yepompo nenzwa yokushisa. Kodwa ukusebenza kahle kwalolu hlobo lwengxenye kuphakeme izikhathi eziningana.

Ngokwesilinganiso, i-intercooler yamanzi inciphisa izinga lokushisa ngama-60-70 degrees. Kumamodeli athuthuke kakhulu futhi abizayo, uketshezi lwesiqandisi lusebenza njengesibambisi: i-antifreeze, i-antifreeze, i-nitrogen ewuketshezi. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zokupholisa okunjalo, ukudluliswa kokushisa kuphindwe kabili uma kuqhathaniswa namamodeli agijima emanzini.

I-liquid ibamba ukushisa kakhulu kakhulu, ngoba ama-intercoolers omoya wamanzi asebenza kahle kakhulu kunozakwabo bomoya.

Nokho, lolu hlobo lwemininingwane lunobubi obuthile. Imodeli yamanzi inomklamo oyinkimbinkimbi. Umsebenzi wengxenye ulawulwa yiphampu yamanzi, inzwa yokushisa kanye neyunithi yokulawula. Lokhu kuholela ekwenyukeni kwezindleko zesakhiwo kanye nobunzima bokulungisa uma kwenzeka ukuwohloka. Ngakho-ke, amamodeli asezingeni eliphansi lamanani ikakhulukazi asebenzisa ama-air intercoolers. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le divayisi idinga ukuqapha okuhlelekile kwesipholile.

Kuyathakazelisa! Kumamodeli ezimoto zasekhaya, ama-intercoolers abiza cishe izinkulungwane eziyi-10 afakwa, kwamanye amazwe - kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50. Kukhona amamodeli athuthuke kakhulu, intengo yawo engamakhulu ezinkulungwane zama-ruble. Izimoto zezemidlalo ezenziwe ngamaphrojekthi akhethekile zifakwe uhlobo olukhethekile lwama-intercoolers - ngokwezifiso, lapho ukupholisa kwenziwa khona kusetshenziswa iqhwa noketshezi olukhethekile.

Ingabe into ingasuswa?

I-intercooler iyingxenye eyengeziwe yenjini, ngaphandle kwalokho injini ingase isebenze kahle. Ukuyenqaba kukhanyisa imoto ngamashumi ambalwa wamakhilogremu futhi kukuvumela ukuthi ukhulule isikhala ngaphansi kwesivalo. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe abancomi ukuba kude ne-intercooler uma inikezwa umklamo wemoto yemoto.

Ukwenqatshwa kwesipholile kuzoholela ekugugeni kwenjini ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yokuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Amandla enjini azokwehla ngokushesha. Akukhuthazwa ngokuqinile ukususa ingxenye kumamodeli emoto e-turbocharged.

Imibandela yokukhetha ukuzifakela yona

Ukushuna imoto yakho kuhilela ukushintsha noma ukufaka i-intercooler ngokwakho. Uma umnikazi wemoto evutha ngomqondo wokushintsha ingxenye ibe yimodeli ethuthuke kakhulu, kufanelekile ukucabangela lezi zindlela zokukhetha ezilandelayo:

1. indawo yokushisa ukushisa. Ubukhulu bamashubhu namapuleti buthinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kwengxenye. Kuthengiswa kukhona amamodeli ahlangene kakhulu, ubukhulu bencwadi. Kodwa-ke, ukuba nokwenzeka kokuwafaka kuyangabazeka, futhi akukwazi ukunikeza ukwenyuka okufanelekile kwamandla enjini. Ngaphambi kokuthenga, udinga ukubala indawo yokufaka yengxenye ukuze ingene ncamashi esihlalweni.
2. Ubukhulu besigaba sangaphakathi samashubhu. Idizayini kumele iqinisekise ukudlula khulula komoya kuyo.
3. Ugqinsi lwamapuleti okushintshanisa ukushisa. Umsebenzi uthintwa indawo yengxenye, kodwa hhayi ukushuba kodonga. Ukuphishekela insimbi ewugqinsi kuzofaka isisindo kuphela engxenyeni, kodwa ngeke kuthinte ukusebenza kahle kwayo nganoma iyiphi indlela.
4. Umumo weshubhu. Inketho efanele amasegimenti ayi-conical anendawo enkulu yokugoba engenzeka.
5. Amapayipi okuxhumana ekhwalithi ephezulu. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho ukhetha i-intercooler yamanzi, ngoba ukuxhuma okungekuhle kwezingxenye kuzoholela ekuvuzeni okupholile.

Izici zokusebenza kanye nezimbangela eziyinhloko zokwehluleka

Amamodeli wanamuhla we-intercoolers awadingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nokuxilongwa ngesikhathi kokwehluleka kuyadingeka. Umonakalo olandelayo ungatholakala engxenyeni:

1. Ukuqhekeka kwepayipi legatsha noma isishintshi sokushisa ngenxa yokucindezela okukhulu. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kuboniswa ukwehla okukhulu kwamandla emoto kanye nokunyuka kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Asikho iphuzu ekulungiseni amapayipi egatsha adabukile, ngoba ngaphansi kwengcindezi yomoya azophinde ahluleke ngokushesha. Kulokhu, ukufaka esikhundleni se-nozzle kuphela kuzosiza ukubuyisela ukusebenza.
2. Amafutha angena ngaphakathi. Ngokuvamile, inani elincane lamafutha lingena ku-intercooler ngenkathi i-turbo isebenza. Izinkomba ezivumelekile - 0.7-1 litre per 10000 km. Uma izinkomba ziphakeme, kufanele ucabange ngokulungisa ingxenye.
3. Imifantu kumashubhu namapuleti. I-intercooler efakwe kuma-fenders noma ngaphansi kwebhampa yangaphambili ingaphansi kokucindezeleka okwenziwe ngomshini.
4. Amashubhu avaliwe. Lokhu kushubile ikakhulukazi ebusika. ngakho-ke, ebusika, ukuhlanza ingxenye kumakhemikhali nesihlabathi kufanele kwenziwe kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Zenzele ngokwakho ukulungisa i-intercooler

Ukulungiswa kwengxenye kuqala ngokudilizwa kwayo. Akulungile ukuchaza izinyathelo ezithile zokususa, ngoba konke kuncike endaweni kanye nendlela yokufaka ingxenye emotweni. Isibonelo, uma ingxenye ifakwe ngaphezu kwe-motor, imane "ikhishwe" ngokukhulula izinsimbi. Lapho i-intercooler ifakwe kubhulokhi elilodwa elinama-radiators (okuyinhloko, ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, isimo somoya), kuzodingeka kwenziwe umzamo othile.

Ibalulekile! I-intercooler ingasuswa kuphela enjinini epholile ngokuphelele futhi isistimu yokuthungela icishiwe.

Ukuze kulungiswe ngokuphelele, kuyadingeka ukuhlakaza ingxenye

Ngemva kokukhipha ingxenye, thatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukuhlanza. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le nqubo ingahlala cishe amahora angu-2-3. Kunzima kakhulu ukususa ama-smudges kawoyela. Kodwa kuyadingeka ukususa konke ukungcola: umsebenzi we-intercooler esikhathini esizayo uzoxhomeka izinga lomsebenzi owenziwe. Ukuze uhlanze, susa zonke izingxenye futhi unqamule imibhobho. Ingaphandle kanye neziteshi zigezwa kahle ngamakhemikhali akhethekile e-auto, futhi ukuze kukhishwe uwoyela okungcono zicwiliswe amahora ambalwa. Uphethiloli kanye nezinye izinto ezinciphisa uwoyela akumele zisetshenziswe: zingalimaza izinto okwenziwa ngazo ingxenye.
2. Ukuvala imifantu. Isici esiqhekekile sisuswa emzimbeni wengxenye, indawo yokulimala ihlanzwa ngefayela futhi isiqephu seplatinamu sithengiswa kuso. Impahla yokufaka kufanele ihambisane nempahla yeshubhu esusiwe.
3. Ukucindezela emanzini okugeza noma ukuhlola ngejeneretha yentuthu. Ngaphambi kokufaka ingxenye elungisiwe endaweni, ngeke kube yinto engafaneleki ukuhlola ikhwalithi yokulungisa. Lokhu kuzosindisa umshayeli esidingweni sokuphinde asuse uma kwenzeka umsebenzi osezingeni eliphansi. Ukuhlolwa kwangempela kwengxenye ukushayela ngesivinini esanele. Uma i-motor isebenza ngamandla ayo angaphambili, futhi akukho khwelo elingaphandle elizwakalayo ngesikhathi "se-re-gassing", kusho ukuthi ukusebenza kwengxenye kubuyiselwe.

Ibalulekile! Ukwehluleka okubi kakhulu ukwephulwa kwe-crankcase yokungenisa umoya, okwenzeka ngenxa yezinga likawoyela eleqile engxenyeni. Ukulungiswa kwendawo kuleli cala ngeke kuxazulule inkinga. Kuzothatha ukulungiswa okukhulu kwenjini nokushintshwa kwe-intercooler.

Ukubhekana nokulungiswa okuncane nokugcinwa kwe-intercooler kungaphakathi kwamandla anoma yimuphi umnikazi wemoto. Uma kwenzeka ukuwohloka okungathi sína noma udinga ukufaka esikhundleni semodeli ethuthuke kakhulu, kufanele uxhumane nochwepheshe besitolo sokukhanda izimoto.

Izingxoxo zivaliwe kuleli khasi