I-SHRUS ishaya ngamandla. Ungahlola kanjani futhi uxazulule kanjani inkinga

Ngaphambili kwe-suspension yemoto edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili kukhona ingxenye enegama elixakile uma uqala ukuyibuka i-CV joint. Futhi hhayi eyodwa kuphela, kodwa ezine. Igama elikhohlisayo lisho "i-hinge yama-angular velocities alinganayo". Ezincwadini zobuchwepheshe, igama elithi homokinetic hinge livame ukusetshenziswa. Ngaphandle, i-CV joint ifana nebhomu, yingakho abantu beyibiza kanjalo. Kodwa kubashayeli abaningi bezimoto, ifomu noma ukuchazwa kwesifinyezo akuchazi ukuthi le ngxenye ihloselwe ini. Ake sizame ukukuthola, futhi ngasikhathi sinye sithole ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwamalunga e-CV kuzibonakalisa kanjani nokuthi singanquma kanjani ukuthi yimaphi amahinge angumthombo wenkinga.

Iyini ijoyinti yesivinini esingaguquki?

Isici esiyinhloko se-front-wheel drive ukuthi ukujikeleza kufanele kudluliselwe emasondweni, angagcini nje ukuhamba phezulu naphansi ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, kodwa futhi aphenduke nge-engeli ebalulekile.

Emgqeni wokushayela, owawusetshenziselwa le njongo ekuqaleni, ukuchezuka ekuhlelweni kwe-coaxial yama-shaft kuholela ekwehleni kwesivinini se-angular sokujikeleza kwe-shaft eshayelwa ngokuhlobene ne-drive shaft. Futhi lapho ijika lishunqa kakhulu imoto eyenza, i-axle shaft iphenduka kancane. Ngenxa yalokho, konke lokhu kubangele ukulahlekelwa amandla, ama-jerks emagumbini kanye nokusebenza okucindezelayo kokudluliswa okuphelele, okusho ukugqoka okusheshayo nokunciphisa impilo yesevisi yezingxenye zayo. Amalungu eCardan ngokwawo nawo awazange ahluke ekuphileni isikhathi eside.

Ukusungulwa kwehinge lama-angular velocities alinganayo kwasishintsha kakhulu isimo. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuvumela ama-axle shafts ukuthi ajikeleze ngesivinini esingaguquki esingaguquki, ngisho noma amasondo ephendulwa nge-engeli ebalulekile. Ngenxa yalokho, ukungabikho kokudlidliza kanye nama-jerks kuqinisekiswa, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukudluliswa kokujikeleza kusuka ku-motor kuya kumasondo kwenziwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwamandla.

Izinhlobonhlobo zamajoyinti e-CV nezici zawo zokuklama

Kwi-semi-ax ngayinye kunamajoyinti amabili e-CV. Okusho ukuthi, emotweni edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, kukhona amabhomu amane kuphela - amabili angaphakathi namabili angaphandle.

Amahinge angaphakathi nangaphandle ayahluka ngokusebenza nangesakhiwo. Eyangaphakathi itholakala eduze kuka-gearbox futhi yakhelwe ukudlulisa i-torque esuka ku-axle shaft. I-angle yayo yokusebenza, njengomthetho, ayidluli i-20 °, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ivumela ukufuduka okuthile eduze kwe-axis, ngaleyo ndlela inikeze ithuba lokushintsha ubude bayo. Ukunciphisa noma ukwelula i-shaft yokushayela kuyadingeka ukuze kunxephezele uhambo lokumiswa.

Ijoyinti ye-CV yangaphandle igxunyekwe ekugcineni kwe-axle shaft, eduze kwesondo. Iyakwazi ukusebenza nge-engeli engaba ngu-40 °, ihlinzeka ngokujikeleza nokujikeleza kwesondo. Kuyacaca ukuthi ibhomu langaphandle lisebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezicindezelayo, ngakho-ke lihluleka kaningi kunelingaphakathi. Ukungcola okundiza ngaphansi kwamasondo nakho kunomthelela kulokhu, i-CV yangaphandle ihlangene ngokusobala ithola okungaphezu kwangaphakathi.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobonhlobo zamajoyinti esivinini esingaguquki. Kodwa-ke, esikhathini sethu ezimotweni ungathola ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezimbili zamajoyinti e-CV - "i-Tripod" ne-Rzeppa ball joint. Eyokuqala ayinayo i-engeli enkulu yokusebenza, kodwa inokwethenjelwa futhi ishibhile, ngakho-ke ivame ukusetshenziswa njengehinge yangaphakathi. Isebenzisa ama-roller abekwe phezu kwemfoloko enezingongolo ezintathu futhi ajikeleze kumabheringi enaliti.

Eyesibili ine-engeli yokusebenza enkulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukuthi isetshenziswe njengejoyinti le-CV yangaphandle. Iqanjwe ngegama likanjiniyela wemishini u-Alfred Rzeppa (indlela engalungile yokuphimisela iRzeppa ijwayelekile), ongowokuzalwa ePoland owayesebenzela inkampani yakwaFord. Nguye owathi, ngo-1926, wadala ukuklama kokuhlanganiswa kwe-velocity okuqhubekayo namabhola ayisithupha, abanjwe emigodini yesihlukanisi esibekwe phakathi komzimba nomjaho wangaphakathi. Ukunyakaza kwamabhola eduze kwama-grooves emncintiswaneni wangaphakathi futhi kusukela ngaphakathi kwendlu kwenza kube lula ukushintsha i-engeli phakathi kwezimbazo zokushayela kanye nama-shaft aqhutshwa phezu kobubanzi obubanzi.

Inhlanganisela ye-CV yeZheppa kanye nezinhlobo zayo zesimanje ("Birfield", "Lebro", GKN nabanye) zisasetshenziswa ngempumelelo embonini yezimoto.

Izimbangela zokuqhekeka kwe-SHRUS

Ngokwawo, amajoyinti esivinini athembeke kakhulu futhi angahlala amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa, noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphandle uma kunjalo, awuvumeli ukungcola namanzi ukuba kungene kuwo, shintsha ama-anthers kanye nezinto zokugcoba ngesikhathi, shayela ngokucophelela futhi ugweme imigwaqo emibi.

Futhi nokho amabhomu nawo ahluleka ngokushesha noma kamuva. Ngesizathu esisodwa noma esinye, ukusebenza kuvela ekhejini noma emzimbeni wehinge. Amabhola abegingqika ngaphakathi ayawashaya, akhipha i-metallic thud eyisici. Bese bekhuluma “nge-crunch” ye-CV joint.

Ukuhlehla nokuguga kwenzeka ngenxa yokugqoka kwemvelo noma ngenxa yokusebenza okungafanele. Kungaba nezizathu eziningana, kodwa esivame kakhulu i-anther eyonakele. Ngokuphuka kwebhuthi yenjoloba evikelayo, uwoyela uyandiza, ushiye izakhi zokuhlikihla zehinge ngaphandle kokugcotshwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusebenzisa imifantu ku-anther, umswakama, udoti, isihlabathi singena ekuhlanganyeleni kwe-CV, esebenza njenge-abrasive, esheshisa ukuguga kwebhomu. Isimo se-anthers kufanele sihlolwe njalo - njalo ku-5 ... amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-6, futhi ngesibonakaliso esincane somonakalo, shintsha ngaphandle kokungabaza. Ibhuthi yerabha ishibhe kakhulu kunejoyinti le-CV.

Isici sesibili esivame kakhulu esiholela ekugugeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwamabhomu isitayela sokushayela esinolaka. Ukushayela ngokweqile ezindaweni ezimbi kanye nokuqala kahle ukunyakaza ngesikhathi lapho amasondo ekhishwa kuyingozi kakhulu kuma-CV joints.

Esinye isizathu esingaba khona ukushuna kwenjini nge-power buildup. Ingakwazi ukwandisa kakhulu umthwalo ekudluliseni. Ngenxa yalokho, izakhi zayo, okuhlanganisa amalunga e-CV, zizoba ngaphansi kokugqoka ngokushesha.

Uma ibhomu liqala ukungqongqoza isikhathi esifushane ngemva kokushintshwa, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlangabezane nekhophi enesici noma umgunyathi. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukukhipha amaphutha ngesikhathi sokufakwa angakhubaza ihinge entsha yekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngakho-ke, uma ungazethembi kakhulu ngamakhono akho, kungcono ukuphathisa ochwepheshe ukushintshwa kwamalunga e-CV.

Kungani ihinge ishwabana emazingeni okushisa aphansi

Ukuthambisa kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle kwesikhathi eside kwejoyinti le-CV. Isimo sayo kufanele siqashwe futhi sishintshwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Kodwa awukwazi ukufaka i-lubricant yokuqala ezofika ifakwe kubhomu. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha e-graphite akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele. Emajoyini e-CV, kukhiqizwa amafutha akhethekile, njengomthetho, aqukethe i-molybdenum disulfide njengesengezo. Inezinto ezivimbela amanzi futhi iyakwazi ukuthambisa imithwalo yokushaqeka. Yile ndlela okufanele isetshenziswe ngayo. Ukuze ubuyisele kahle i-lubricant, i-grenade kufanele isuswe, ihlakazwe futhi igezwe kahle.

Izinga le-lubricant alihlali lifika kumaki. Ezinye izinhlobo azikubekezeleli kahle isithwathwa futhi zingajiya emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Khona-ke amahalananda aqala ukuklebhuka. Amajoyinti e-CV angaphakathi afudumala ngokushesha futhi ayeke ukungqongqoza, kuyilapho awangaphandle angaqhubeka ebanga umsindo isikhathi eside. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kungcono ukugwema ukuphenduka okubukhali nokusheshisa kuze kube yilapho i-crunching iyeka. Mhlawumbe, kufanele ukhethe i-lubricant engcono engaqinisekisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwamahinge esimweni sezulu esibandayo.

Kwenzekani uma ungayinaki inkinga

Amalungu e-CV awahlukani ngobusuku obubodwa ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokuqala. Ukukhubazeka kwangaphakathi nokugqoka kubonakala kancane kancane, futhi inqubo yokubhujiswa kwengxenye ithatha isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esithile ungagibela ngamahinge ama-crispy, kodwa uma kungenzeka, ukusheshisa okubukhali nokuphenduka ngesivinini esikhulu kufanele kugwenywe. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ungaphuthelwa isikhathi futhi ungavumeli ukudilika kwebhomu. Kungenzeka ukuthi nezinye izingxenye zokudlulisela zizolimala. Njengoba i-CV ihlangene egoqiwe, imoto ngeke ikwazi ukuhamba, futhi kuzodingeka uyihambise egaraji noma esiteshini sesevisi usebenzisa iloli elidonsayo noma elidonsayo. Kwezinye izimo, i-CV ehlangene ingaholela ekulahlekelweni kokulawula imoto. Akudingekile ukuchaza ukuthi lokhu kungase kube namuphi umphumela.

Ngakho-ke, uma ikhenceza noma ishwabana ekumisweni, ungakupholisi maseko ukuthola izizathu nokunquma imbangela yenkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izikhathi i-crunch isho ukuntuleka kokugcoba, futhi ukungasebenzi okunjalo kuqedwa kalula futhi kushibhile.

Ukuhlonza Ihinge Elinephutha Elithize

Njengoba kunamajoyinti amane e-CV emotweni edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa ukungasebenzi kahle bese unquma ukuthi yimaphi amabhomu adinga ukushintshwa noma okungenani agcotshwe. Abaningi abazi ukuthi bangakwenza kanjani lokhu, nakuba ezimweni eziningi konke kuvela akunzima kangako.

Okokuqala, yiqiniso, kufanele wenze ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo. Uma i-anther yonakalisiwe, khona-ke i-CV ehlangene idinga okungenani ukudilizwa, ukuvimbela, ukugcotshwa kanye nokushintshwa kwebhuthi yenjoloba evikelayo, futhi njengenani elikhulu - ukushintshwa. Ukulimala kwebhuthi kuzokhonjiswa ngokungaqondile ngamafutha afafazwe ezingxenyeni ezingomakhelwane.

Zama ukuzungezisa ihinge ekseni ngesandla. I-CV ehlanganyelwe kufanele ihlale inganyakazi. Uma kukhona umdlalo, i-hinge kufanele nakanjani ishintshwe. Kodwa-ke, kuzoba nokwethenjelwa kakhulu ukucacisa ubukhona noma ukungabi khona kwe-backlash ngokudiliza i-axle shaft ngamabhomu futhi uyibambe nge-vise.

Ukunqunywa kwejoyinti ye-CV yangaphandle enephutha

Uma i-engeli enkulu phakathi kwe-drive kanye ne-drive shaft, umthwalo omkhulu otholwa ihinge, ikakhulukazi uma ngesikhathi esifanayo ithola i-torque ebalulekile emotweni. Ngakho-ke indlela elula yokunquma ukujoyina i-CV yangaphandle enephutha. Vula isondo lokuqondisa ngangokunokwenzeka kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla bese uqala ukuhamba ngokucijile. Uma i-crunch ibonakala lapho amasondo ejikiswa ngakwesobunxele, inkinga iku-grenade yangaphandle kwesokunxele. Uma iqala ukungqongqoza lapho isiteringi sijikiswa kwesokudla, udinga ukubhekana nehinji yangaphandle efanele. Umsindo, njengomthetho, uzwakala ngokucacile futhi ungahambisana. Izimpawu zivame ukuvela futhi azibangeli ukungabaza. Uma umsindo ubuthakathaka, ikakhulukazi ngakwesokudla, ngakho-ke kungcono ukucela umsizi ukuba alalele.

Ukunqunywa kwejoyinti ye-CV yangaphakathi enephutha

Ijoyinti ye-CV yangaphakathi enephutha ngokuvamile ayizivezi ngendlela ecace kangako. Uma umgwaqo ulingana, ibhomu elingaphakathi eliyinkinga ngokuvamile lizoqala ukwenza imisindo ngesivinini esikhulu noma ngesikhathi sokusheshisa, lapho umthwalo kuhinge ukhula. Ukudlidliza nokunyakaziswa komshini nakho kuyenzeka lapha. Ngesivinini esiphansi ukuya esimaphakathi, i-inboard joint crunch izwakala lapho ushayela umugqa oqondile emigwaqweni emibi, ikakhulukazi uma isondo lishaya umgodi.

Ungakhetha i-pothole efanelekile, ngenhlanhla, ukukhetha kwabo emigwaqweni yasekhaya kubanzi kakhulu, bese uzama ukushayela kuyo kuqala kuphela ngesondo lesokunxele, bese kuba kwesokudla kuphela. Uma i-metallic crunch yenzeka esimweni sokuqala, khona-ke ilunga le-CV elingaphakathi kwesokunxele liyasolisa, uma okwesibili, hlola elilungile. Vele ungeqisi, kungenjalo ngale ndlela ungalimaza ibhomu elisebenzisekayo.

Futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukungqongqoza okufanayo ngenkathi ushayela emgwaqeni omubi nakho kungavela ezingxenyeni.

Enye indlela efanelekile kuzo zombili izinhlobo zamajoyinti e-CV

Uma unojeke osebenza kuwo, ungabheka wonke amahinge amane futhi unqume ngokunembe kakhudlwana ukuthi iyiphi engumthombo wenkinga. Inqubo ithi:

1. Misa isondo lokuqondisa libe maphakathi nendawo.

2. Lengisa elinye lamasondo angaphambili.

3. Bamba ibhuleki lesandla, beka i-lever yegiya endaweni engathathi hlangothi bese uqala injini.

4. Ngemva kokucindezela i-clutch, faka igiya le-1 futhi kancane kancane ukhulule i-clutch pedal. Isondo elilengayo lizoqala ukujikeleza.

5. Layisha amajoyinti eCV ngokufaka ibhuleki ngobumnene. Ihinge yangaphakathi eyinkinga izozenza izwakale nge-clinch crunch. Uma womabili amabhomu angaphakathi esebenza, khona-ke ngeke kube nemisindo engaphandle, futhi injini izoqala ukumiswa.

6. Manje vula isondo lokuqondisa kude ngangokunokwenzeka kwesokunxele. Ihinji yangaphakathi ehlulekile isazobanga umsindo. Uma ibhomu langaphandle elingakwesokunxele linokusebenza kwangaphakathi, lizoduma futhi. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, umsindo uzoba phezulu.

7. Ngokufanayo, hlola ijoyinti le-CV elingaphandle elingakwesokudla ngokujikisa isondo lokuqondisa liye kwesokudla.

Ngemva kokuphothula ukuhlola, beka i-giarshift knob endaweni engathathi hlangothi, misa injini bese ulinda kuze kube yilapho isondo liyeka ukujikeleza. Manje ungakwazi ukwehlisa imoto phansi.

Ukuxazulula izinkinga

Ngemva kokuhlonza i-hinge eyinkinga, udinga ukuyiqaqa, ukuyiqaqa, ukuyihlanza kahle bese uyihlola. Uma kukhona ukusebenza, umonakalo, ukuhlehla, ijoyinti ye-CV kufanele ishintshwe kufakwe entsha. Asikho isidingo sokuyilungisa. Ukuzama izindawo zokusebenza zesihlabathi kungenzeka ukuthi kuwukumosha isikhathi nomzamo futhi ngeke kunikeze umphumela ohlala njalo.

Uma ingxenye ihlelekile, ngemva kokuyigeza kufanele igcwaliswe ngamafutha akhethekile amalunga e-CV futhi ibuyiselwe endaweni yayo. Okufanayo kufanele kwenziwe nge-hinge entsha. Njengomthetho, ibhomu langaphakathi udinga cishe i-100 ... 120 g ye-lubricant, eyangaphandle - kancane kancane. I-Lubrication ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kufanele futhi ibekwe ngaphansi kwe-anther, bese iqinisa ngokuphephile ngama-clamps nhlangothi zombili.

Njengoba amaphutha ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwamajoyinti e-CV angaholela ekuhlulekeni kwawo ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kungcono ukwenza le nqubo okokuqala ngqa phambi komshayeli onolwazi oluthe xaxa ozochaza yonke imininingwane yenqubo endleleni.

Uma ushintsha izingxenye ezine-pair symmetrical emshinini, kufanele uqondiswe umthetho ojwayelekile - shintsha izakhi zombili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lo mthetho kufanele futhi usetshenziswe kumajoyinti e-CV, kodwa ngencazelo eyodwa ebalulekile: ungalokothi ususe womabili ama-axle shafts ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze uvimbele ukugudluzwa kwamagiya ahlukene. Okokuqala, sebenzisa i-axle shaft eyodwa futhi uyifake endaweni, kuphela lapho ungakwazi ukuqaqa eyesibili uma kunesidingo.

Amahinge ashibhile, akhiqizwa ngaphansi kwemikhiqizo engaziwa kancane, ngokuvamile ayenziwe ngensimbi esezingeni eliphansi futhi awahlanganiswa ngokucophelela kakhulu; Imikhiqizo enjalo kufanele igwenywe. Kufanele futhi uqaphele lapho ukhetha lapho uthenga. Esitolo se-inthanethi ungathenga izingxenye ezisele ezidingekayo zokuhambisa, ukumiswa kanye nezinye izinhlelo zezimoto ezenziwe eChina naseYurophu.

Bheka futhi

Nweba Ukuwa