Injini yemoto ihlonipha

Noma iyiphi imoto kungekudala ithuthukisa insiza yayo, noma ngabe isetshenziswa ngokucophelela kangakanani. Lapho kwenziwa umsebenzi othile, induna yenza imisebenzi eminingi eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ukucutshungulwa ngokuphelele. Phakathi kwazo kukhona isilinda honing.

Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi uyini umongo wale nqubo, ukuthi wenziwa kanjani, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini okunye ongakwenza.

Yini injini eyisilinda honing

Ukuhlonipha injini kuyindlela yokugcina ngemuva kokulungiswa kwophiko lwamandla. Kufana nokuchofoza nokupholisha, kuphela uma kuqhathaniswa nakho kusebenza kahle kakhulu.

Uma ubheka ingaphezulu lamasilinda ngemuva kokuphothula inqubo, khona-ke kuyobonakala ngokusobala izingozi ezincane ezingesimo senetha elihle. Izinjini eziningi zomlilo zangaphakathi zanamuhla ziyacubungulwa efektri.

Ukuhlonipha kufanele kwenziwe ukuze ukuqondiswa, imvamisa nokujula kwephethini kunembe ngangokunokwenzeka. Njengoba lesi kuyisigaba sokugcina sokulungiswa kwezinjini, senziwa ngemuva komsebenzi omkhulu, ngokwesibonelo, uma kudingeka isilinda ukufaka ama-piston anobubanzi obukhuphukile.

Ngemuva kokulungiswa okukhulu, isilinda sinendawo enhle, ebushelelezi ngokuphelele. Ukuze usebenzise iphethini oyifunayo, inkosi isebenzisa i-lathe efanayo ne-boring ne-polishing, kuphela isebenzisa i-hon - umbhobho okhethekile. Kwakha isakhiwo sephethini esidingekayo ngokujula okudingekayo.

Ngemuva kokucija i-piston-sleeve pair izodinga isikhathi esincane sokugaya kunangemuva kokulungisa okuyisicefe. Nazi izici ezingakhombisa isidingo sale nqubo:

• Ukucindezela kwaqala ukuwa (ukuthi ungazikala kanjani ngokwakho, kuchaziwe ngokwehlukana);
• Injini yaqala ukusebenzisa uwoyela omningi. Ngaphezu kwezinga elinciphayo esampini, intambo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka izovela kumbhobho we-exhaust (ngaphezu kwalokho, izizathu zalesi senzakalo nazo zichazwe ku ukubuyekeza okuhlukile);
• Amandla enjini anciphe ngokuphawulekayo;
• Ijubane lokuntanta elintantayo.

Akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi injini yemoto ethile izodinga ukulungiswa okungakanani (le nkinga ibhekwa nge-prism ye-capital, ngoba ayinakulungiswa ngokwezomnotho ukucija i-cylinder block ngokwehlukana). Lokhu kuthonywa yizinto eziguquguqukayo eziningi kakhulu, njengesitayela sokushayela, uwoyela wenjini nophethiloli umnikazi wemoto awusebenzisayo, nezinye izinto.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi zonke lezi zibonakaliso aziqondile. Ngamunye wabo angakhombisa nokunye ukungasebenzi kahle enjinini, uhlelo lokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli, i-turbine, njll.

Esikhathini esiningi, izinkinga ezinjalo ezinamasistimu ahambisana nazo zivela ezimotweni ezine-mileage ephezulu - okungenani eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-100. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwakhiwa intuthuko ethile kumshini we-cylinder-piston.

Isibonelo, ibanga elisuka odongeni lwesilinda liye eringini lokususa uwoyela landa kakhulu kangangokuba uwoyela awusakwazi ukudala ugoqo lwamafutha. Ngalesi sizathu, igrisi ihlala ngaphezulu, futhi lapho ihlangana nophethiloli noma uphethiloli, iyancibilika, ngenxa yalokho inhlanganisela kaphethiloli womoya iqukethe izinto zangaphandle. Ukushiswa phansi, bakha umule ompunga.

Ngaphezu kokukhishwa okungajabulisi kokukhipha, imoto enenkinga efanayo incipha kakhulu emandleni ngenxa yokucindezela okuphansi. Ngesikhathi sohlangothi lokukhipha, ingxenye yamagesi okukhipha inyuka phakathi kwamasongo nodonga lwesilinda bese ifaka i-crankcase yenjini. Njengoba umshayeli ezophoqa ukuthi uphiko lukagesi lusebenze njengokujwayelekile, uphethiloli uzonyuka kakhulu.

Lezi ngezinye zezizathu zokuthi kungani kuzodingeka ukulungiswa okukhulu kwalolu phiko. Lapho inkosi isiqedile zonke izinqubo ezidingekayo (isilinda sithwala usayizi wokulungisa ofanele), ungacela ukwenza i-honing.

Inhloso enkulu yokucija

Inhloso yalo msebenzi imi kanjena. I-micro-pattern idala ubukhali obuncane esibukweni se-cylinder. Kuyadingeka ukugcina i-lubricant ingaphezulu.

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi uwoyela kumshini we-cylinder-piston uyadingeka ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamasongo nezindonga zesilinda, kanye nokunikeza ukupholisa okudingekayo kwezingxenye lapho kwenzeka imithwalo eshisayo.

Iyunithi yamandla eseqedile insiza yayo, ijiyometri yamasilinda iyashintsha, okunciphisa ukusebenza kwenjini. Ingxenye yangaphakathi yamasilinda ekugcineni ifakwa isigaxa nobugqinsi, okuhlukile kupharamitha yoqobo eyenziwe efektri.

Lo monakalo ulungiswa ngokubhoreka amasilinda. Uma inqubo efanayo isivele yenziwa, usayizi wesilinda ngeke usahambelana nowokuqala, kodwa nenani lesibili lokulungisa. Ngemuva kokuthi umsebenzi usuqediwe, udinga ukwenza ama-notches afanele ngosizo lwe-hone.

Ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa ukuthambisa kobuso besilinda, i-honing inenye injongo. Le nqubo isusa umgqomo noma umumo we-tapered uma wakhe ngesikhathi senqubo yokwandisa.

Ukuhlonipha i-motor kuqinisekisa ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu, okunzima kakhulu ukukufeza ngokupholisha noma ngokushaya. Ukuze ukulungiswa kwe-ICE okunjalo kube nokusebenza okudingekayo kamuva, ubukhulu bamaseli nokujula kwamanothi kufanele kuhambisane namazinga wefektri. Sizokhuluma ngokuthi inqubo yenziwa kanjani ngendlela efanele, kanye nezinkambiso kamuva.

Okufanele ukwenze uma kukhona ukuquleka emotweni

Manje ake sigxile ekutheni kungenzeka yini ukususa isici uma ngabe isikhafu sakhiwe, kepha ngaphandle kokuqaqa ibhulokhi lesilinda. Vele, le nkinga inzima kakhulu ukuxilongwa ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso sokubuka. Isici esivame kakhulu ukulahleka kwamandla enjini nokucindezela. Njengoba sekushiwo, lolu phawu lubuye lube yisici samaphayiphu okutubeka noma ukwehluleka kohlelo lwamafutha.

Uma zonke lezi zizathu zisusiwe, kepha umphumela owufunayo awutholakalanga, khona-ke kunamathuba amakhulu okuthi isikhafu sakhiwe esitsheni (nge-compression low). Lokhu kungasebenzi kahle akunakushaywa indiva, ngoba ngisho nenkinga encane izosheshe idale ukugqokwa okunzima kubhangqa le-piston-cylinder.

Uma iziqhwaga zisencane kakhulu

Into yokuqala ongazama ukuyenza ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokuqaqa injini yangaphakathi yomlilo ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elinokwakheka kwe-tribotechnical. Le yinto ethi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, idale ifilimu eqinile engxenyeni yensimbi, evimbela ukwanda kwamandla okuxabana phakathi kwezingxenye ezilimele.

Lezi zengezwa emafutheni enjini. Isengezo siqala ukusebenza ngokuya ngezimpawu zokwakheka. Namuhla kunezinhlobonhlobo zezimali ezinjalo. Enye yalezi zinto zokwakha yiSuprotec Active Plus, eyenziwa yinkampani yasekhaya.

I-Additive Suprotek Active Plus emafutheni enjini

Okucacile kwalo mkhiqizo ukuthi impahla yokwakheka kwe-tribo kanye nokubuyisela ngaphezulu uma udonga lwesilinda lonakele kancane (ukugqoka akufanele kweqe eshumini elincane lamamilimitha).

Ukuze ukwakheka kwe-suprotek kube nomphumela omuhle, udinga ukulandela izincomo zomkhiqizi. Uma ukubuyiselwa kwemoto kwenziwa ngokungahambisani nalezi zidingo, into ngeke isebenze.

Ubuhle balesi sithasiselo ukuthi ukweqa umthamo ngeke kulimaze iyunithi. Kuliqiniso, ngeke kube nomphumela kuwo. Ngalezi zizathu, lesi sigaba kufanele sithathwe ngokungathi sína. Uma zonke izidingo zomkhiqizi zihlangatsheziwe, kepha umphumela owufunayo awugcinwa, khona-ke inkinga inkulu kakhulu.

Lapho izithasiselo zingasizi

Akukho okufakiwe okuzosiza ukususa amamaki amakhulu okuthathwa. Kulokhu, kuphela ukuqaqa okuphelele kweyunithi yamandla, amasilinda ayisidina nokunconywa okulandelayo kwendawo yawo. Isigaba sokusebenzisa inotshi ehambisanayo asisebenzi kanzima. Kunzima ngokwengeziwe ukwenza okunye ukulungiswa. Isimo esibalulekile kuphela ukuthi lowo ozolungisa kumele aqonde ubunzima besigaba sokugcina sokucutshungulwa kwezinjini.

Ulwazi lwamapayipi luyoba wusizo ukuze kugcinwe ngokunembile ukufana ne-engeli yokuthambekela kwamanothi abangelwa. Ezimweni zegaraji, lokhu kusetshenziselwa ibhulashi ekhethekile elukhalazayo. Ezingeni lobuchwepheshe, i-hon ibukeka njengenduku, ngakolunye uhlangothi efakwa ku-chuck ye-lathe, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi ifakwe amabhlogo amathathu anento efanele engashiya imihuzuko emincane.

Inqubo nezidingo zemishini

Ukunyakaza okubushelelezi kokunamathiselwe kokugaya ngaphakathi kwesilinda kuyadingeka ukuze kusikwe umfaniswano. Uma kusetshenziswa i-lathe, kufanele uthole i-hang yokuhambisa kahle inqwaba ye-chuck. Kaningi egalaji kusetshenziswa ibhulashi elikhethekile. Ijubane, umzamo nokushelela kokunyakaza sekuvele kuncike emandleni wenkosi. Uma eyenze kaninginingi le nqubo, kuzoba lula ngaye ukudala umdwebo onembile. Kepha kusazohluka ngomphumela ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwezindlela zobuchwepheshe.

Ukuze uqedele inqubo, uzodinga ibanga kanye nesitimela somhlahlandlela. Lawa mathuluzi angasiza ukudala iphethini efanayo ngomumo oqondile. Uma inkosi ilahleka, izokonakalisa iphethini, ngenxa yalokho kuyodingeka iphinde yenze konke.

Enye imfuneko ebalulekile yokucija imoto ukugcwala okuqinile kwendawo. Kulokhu, uphalafini noma ingxube yawo namafutha kuyasiza. Lolu ketshezi luzogeza amachips amancane azophazamisa ukudala ubukhali obufanele.

Ngemuva kokuphothula umsebenzi, iyunithi kufanele igezwe ngesisombululo sensipho. Lokhu kuzosusa zonke izinhlayiya ezincane, kuvimbele ukuthi zingaveli emigodini yeyunithi ngemuva komhlangano. Ngemuva kwalokho, ibhlokhi kufanele yomiswe futhi iphathwe ngamafutha okulwa nokugqwala.

Lapho imoto iqoqiwe, ngaphambi kokuba inikezwe umthwalo ojwayelekile, iqembu le-cylinder-piston kufanele ligijime. Lokhu kuzovumela imininingwane ukuthi ihlangane. Ngalesi sikhathi, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi izodinga indlela ebukhali yokuguqula uwoyela nokusebenzisa uphethiloli osezingeni eliphakeme.

Ngokushaya okuthe xaxa, ungasebenzisa into efanayo ye-tribotechnical Suprotek plus. Kwezinye izimo, ukucija kungenziwa ngaphandle kwesilinda. Uma umonakalo umncane, futhi lo msebenzi uwodwa wanele, imoto kungenzeka ingasuswa ngisho nasemshinini.

Isilinda honing technology

Yonke le nqubo yenzeka ngezigaba ezimbili. Ngesikhathi sokuqala, i-abrasive enkulu isetshenzisiwe. Lesi sigaba sibizwa ngokuthi i-roughing. Isigaba sokuqeda sidinga ithuluzi elivele liklanywe kahle. Ngasikhathi sinye iletha ingaphezulu lamasilinda kubhalansi efanelekile yobushelelezi noburhabaxa.

Esikhathini esedlule, le nqubo ibisebenzisa ama-abrasives e-ceramic ahlanganiswe nemigoqo. Kuze kube manje, ama-analogues edayimane azibonakalisile. Isizathu salokhu ukumelana okuphezulu kwento nokucindezela okwenziwe isikhathi eside.

Imishini yesimanje ifakwe amahons angashintsha ububanzi. Lobu buchwepheshe bugwema isilinda esiyisidina kuma-lathes. Ngemuva kokuchofoza, ububanzi besilinda bungashintsha kancane, kepha ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo eyamukelekayo yokulungisa.

Akunakwa kangako ekuphatheni izinhlobo ezimbili zama-motors. Ukulungiswa kokulungiswa kwemikhono kuhluke kakhulu kunqubo efanayo yama-analogue angenamikhono.

Izinjini ezingenamikhono

Indlela elula yokucija izinjini zakudala ezingenasisekelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-block iyadilizwa yafakwa emshinini. Umzimba ubambekile, ipharamitha edingekayo isethwe ku-hone bese kufakwa okupholisa.

Ngokuya ngokuthi yiliphi ithuluzi elisetshenziswayo, nokuthi imishini idinga ukwenziwa ngezinga elingakanani, isikhathi sokusebenza sizohluka. Kubalulekile ukuthi inkosi iqiniseke ukuthi igobolondo lizohamba liqonde mpo, futhi ibhlokhi liqiniswe ngokuqinile ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze lingazanyazami.

Umphumela we-honing ulawulwa yi-gage yangaphakathi (ithuluzi elikala ububanzi bangaphakathi kulo lonke ubude bomkhiqizo). Kuma-workshops abucayi kakhulu, amadivayisi asetshenziselwa ukucacisa izinga lobukhulu bendawo eqediwe.

Izinjini zemikhono

Izici ezihlukile zama-motors anjengokuthi ukuguqulwa kwawo kuwo kwenziwa lula. Umnikazi wemoto uthenga isethi yama-liners webhulokhi ethile yamandla kagesi. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi lezi zingxenye zidlulile enqubeni yokucija. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umkhiqizo ngeke usebenze isikhathi eside.

Lapho imikhiqizo enjalo ithengiwe, umenzi angaqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo ulungele ukufakwa futhi awudingi ukwenziwa ukucubungula okwengeziwe. Njengoba inhlokodolobha yenjini iyinkqubo ebizayo, kungcono uzibonele. Udinga ukuthi ubuze i-wizard ukuthi ihlole ukuthi ngabe yonke imingcele yalolu hlobo lomkhiqizo ngabe ibonwa yini kumenzi.

Ukuze kusetshenzwe ama-liners e-workshop, kufanele kube khona uqinisa okhethekile ofana nomzimba we-cylinder block. Ibekwe embhedeni womshini ngamandla afanele eqinisa umshudo ukuze ingalimazi imikhono uqobo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ibavimbele ekuhambeni.

Imikhono emisha icutshungulwa ngezigaba ezine:

1. Isendlalelo sensimbi esinzima siyasuswa (kwezinye izimo, sinesithukuthezi);
2. Ukuhlonipha nge-150 grit abrasive;
3. Ukusebenza okufanayo okusanhlamvu okuncane (300 kuya ku-500);
4. Ukuhlanza indawo ngothuli lwensimbi ngamabhulashi enayiloni usebenzisa unamathisela oqukethe amakristalu e-silicon.

Imiphumela yeziqhwaga nezixazululo

Nayi imiphumela eyinhloko uma injini ithole amaphuzu:

Ukungasebenzi:	Izimpawu:	Isixazululo esingaba khona:
Ukushiswa kukawoyela okusindayo kwakheka ngenxa yokuthi izindandatho ezisusa uwoyela azisusi amafutha amaningi	Imoto yaqala ukuthatha uwoyela omningi (enguqulweni enganakiwe, kufika kulitha nge-1 XNUMX km.)	Sebenzisa isithasiselo esivela kuSuprotek Active Plus; Uma ithuluzi lingakusizi, kuzofanele uqale ukulungisa kabusha injini yangaphakathi yomlilo
Ukutubeka ngamafutha kukhuphuke kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi kuhlangana nengxube yephethiloli yomoya nokusha kusilinda	Ngaphezu kokukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kothanjiso, intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka izokhishwa ngobuningi kupayipi lokukhipha.	Thela ukwakheka kwe-tribo emafutheni; Uma kwenzeka ukuquleka okuncane, ukucija kuzoshintsha isimo ngaphandle kokuqaqa iyunithi
Ubuningi bephetshana le-piston nelilinda liphukile	Idle turning "float"	Uma uhlelo lukaphethiloli lusebenza kahle, ukuthungela futhi awekho amaphutha kuyunithi yokulawula, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esicacile sezimpawu zokubanjwa. Ezigabeni zokuqala, isengezo se-Active Plus sizosiza, ngezigaba ezithuthuke kakhulu, ukuzidina okuyisidina nokulandelayo kuzodingeka
Amagesi okukhipha aqhume angena ekhrankcase	Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okwandisiwe (ukugcina amandla asezingeni elifanayo, kuzodingeka ucindezele i-pedal yegesi ngamandla futhi ujikeleze i-crankshaft)	Kwezinye izimo, izindlela ezinokwakheka kwe-tribotechnical zingasiza. Kodwa-ke, ukungasebenzi kahle okuhlobene (isibonelo, ukushisa kwepiston) kuzodinga ukuqaqa okuphelele noma okuyingxenye yemoto. Ayikho enye indlela yokukhomba imbangela ngqo yokulahleka kwamandla.

Yize ukucija ngezimoto kungenziwa ekhaya kusetshenziswa i-drill namathuluzi emishini eyenziwe ekhaya, ikhwalithi yenqubo enjalo izoba yimbi. Ngemuva kokwelashwa okunjalo, ama-scuffs akhiwa ngokushesha emotweni, okuzonciphisa isikhawu phakathi kokulungiswa kwunithi yamandla.

Njengoba inhlokodolobha yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi nayo inemikhawulo yayo enanini lemisebenzi efanayo, kungcono ukuphathisa ukuhlonipha ochwepheshe abasebenza ngezinto zokusebenza zesimanje. I-elekthronikhi izokwenza ukucutshungulwa okuhle kunendlela "yamehlo".

Ukuqhathanisa, bheka inqubo yokucija ngqo amasilinda ukwedlula yonke imishini yanamuhla:

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Kuyini ukucija? Lokhu kwenzelwa ukunciphisa ukuhwalala ezindongeni zesilinda. Kudingeka futhi ukusheshisa ukugijima kwama-piston rings. I-Honingovka ikhulisa impilo yesevisi yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngemuva kwenhloko-dolobha.

Iyini i-Block Honing? Lena inqubo lapho i-mesh emihle isetshenziswa ezindongeni zamasilinda. Ihlinzeka ngokugcina uwoyela wenjini, okuthuthukisa ukugcotshwa kweringi ye-piston futhi kuzinzise izibasi zikawoyela.