Izici zokukhanyisa uphalafini KO-25
Isicelo
Ukuqokwa kokuqokwa komkhiqizo kawoyela okukhulunywa ngawo kulula kakhulu: ukukhanyisa uphalafini, nokuphakama kwelangabi elingu-25 mm. Ngendlela, ukuphakama kwelangabi kuyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu yokufaneleka kokukhanyisa uphalafini ngezinhloso ezithile. Ngakho-ke, amamaki atholakala kumafrakshini kawoyela okhanyayo akhiqizwa ngokuhambisana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe ze-GOST 11128-65, futhi kusukela ezinzima - GOST 92-50. Esimweni sokugcina, uphalafini ubizwa ngokuthi i-pyronaphth; ine-flash point ephakeme kakhulu (kusuka ku-3500C) futhi iba yiqhwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi ngokwanele. I-Pyronaft isetshenziswa njengomthombo okhethekile wokukhanyisa emisebenzini engaphansi komhlaba - izimayini, imigudu yomhubhe, njll.
Ngenqubo yokuvutha okuvulekile, kukhishwa izinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene eziyingozi empilweni yomuntu. Ngakho-ke, ngokuncipha kokuphakama kwethoshi, ingozi yemvelo kaphalafini iyancipha. Naphezu kokuntuleka kwedatha yesayensi, kuye kwasungulwa ukuthi imikhiqizo eyinhloko yemfucuza ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwe-parafini yokukhanyisa izinhlayiya ezincane kunazo zonke, i-carbon monoxide (CO), i-nitrogen oxides ehlukahlukene (NOx), kanye ne-sulphur dioxide (SO2). Ucwaningo ngophalafini osetshenziselwa ukupheka noma ukukhanyisa lusikisela ukuthi ukungcola kungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwamaphaphu futhi kwandise ingozi yezifo ezithathelwanayo (kuhlanganise nesifo sofuba), isifuba somoya, nomdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, ukungathathi hlangothi kwemvelo kokukhanyisa amamaki kaphalafini akhiqizwayo njengamanje kunqunywa ukulandelana okulandelayo: KO-30 → KO-25 → KO-20.
Kwezinye izimo, uphalafini wokukhanyisa i-KO-25 usetshenziswa njengophethiloli, esikhundleni sezinhlobo ze-TS-1 noma i-KT-2, ikakhulukazi njengoba iqukethe ubuncane bama-hydrocarbon aphezulu ekubunjweni kwawo futhi ikhipha izinto ezimbalwa ze-sooty ngesikhathi sokusha. Kodwa-ke, inani le-calorific le-parafini KO-25 liphansi, elithinta kabi ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha anjalo.
Izindawo ze-physico-chemical
Uphalafini okhanyayo, okhiqizwe ngezingxenyana zikawoyela eziqukethe isulfure, ubonakala ngezinkomba zobuningi ezilandelayo:
| Ipharamitha | inani lomthamo | |||
| KO-20 | KO-22 | KO-25 | KO-30 | |
| Ukuminyana, t/m3 | 0,830 | 0,805 | 0,795 | 0,790 |
| Izinga lokushisa lokuqala lokuhwamuka, 0С | 270 | 280 | 290 | 290 |
| indawo yokubilisa, 0С | 180 | 200 | 220 | 240 |
| iphoyinti elikhanyayo, 0С | 60 | 45 | 40 | 40 |
Zonke izinhlobo zokukhanyisa uphalafini ziqukethe amaphesenti anyukile esibabule (kusuka ku-0,55 kuye ku-0,66%).
Izici zokukhanyisa uphalafini i-KO-25 zibhekwa njengelungele ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezitofu zikaphalafini noma izifudumezi zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, kumahhavini ama-wick asekelwe ekudlulisweni kwe-capillary kaphethiloli kanye namahhavini okucindezela asebenza kahle futhi ashisayo anamabhobho ejethi yesitimu athomisa uphethiloli ngokumpompa okwenziwa ngesandla noma ngokufudumeza.
Uphalafini KO-20
Izici zokusebenza zebanga likaphalafini i-KO-20 ukuthi, ukuze kwehliswe iphesenti lesibabule, umkhiqizo osuphelile uphinda ufakwe ngaphansi kwe-hydrotreatment. Ngakho-ke, lo mkhiqizo usetshenziselwa ukugeza okuvimbelayo nokuhlanza imikhiqizo yensimbi, kanye nokunciphisa indawo ngaphambi kokugcoba, ukudweba, njll. Ngenxa yobuthi obuphansi, i-KO-20 ingasetshenziswa ukuhlambulula amapende ancibilikayo ngamafutha.
Uphalafini KO-30
Njengoba uphalafini okhanyayo i-KO-30 ubonakala ngobude belangabi eliphakeme kakhulu kanye nephuzu eliphakeme lokukhanya ngesikhathi sokusha, lo mkhiqizo kawoyela usetshenziswa njengoketshezi olusebenzayo lwabasiki bakaphalafini. Ubuningi be-KO-30 buphakeme kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokukhanyisa uphalafini, ngakho-ke futhi isetshenziselwa izinjongo zokulondolozwa kwesikhashana kwemikhiqizo yensimbi.
