Umdwebo we-Wiring VAZ 2101: yini efihla i-wiring ngomlando weminyaka engamashumi amahlanu
Okuqukethwe
Indawo enkulu yeSoviet Union yavimbela intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe nezenhlalo yezwe. Ekuthengisweni okuvulekile, kwakungekho inombolo edingekayo yezimoto kuwo wonke umuntu owayephupha ngezokuthutha zomuntu siqu. Ukuhlangabezana nesidingo, ubuholi bezwe benza isinqumo sokuqala: imodeli ye-Fiat 124 yakhethwa njengesibonelo semoto yasekhaya, njengemoto engcono kakhulu ka-1967. Inguqulo yokuqala yemoto yomgibeli yayibizwa ngokuthi i-VAZ 2101. Umklamo wemodeli, ngokusekelwe ekwakhiweni konjiniyela be-Italian Fiat, kakade esiteji sokukhiqiza wanikezwa umklomelo wamazwe ngamazwe we-Golden Mercury ngeqhaza lawo ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi.
Uhlelo lwemishini kagesi i-VAZ 2101
I-compact VAZ 2101 sedan ihluke kumlingani wayo wase-Italy ekwakhiweni okuguquliwe kwezimo zemigwaqo yetshe eliqinile. Ukuze usebenze onokwethenjelwa we "penny", onjiniyela bafaka ukuguqulwa, i-chassis, izigubhu zamabhuleki futhi baqinisa ubhasikidi wokubamba. Imishini kagesi yemodeli yokuqala ye-Volga Automobile Plant yayigcinwe kusukela ekuqaleni, njengoba ihlangabezana nezidingo kanye nezimo zobuchwepheshe zokusebenza.
Umdwebo wezintambo ze-VAZ 2101 (carburetor)
Onjiniyela be-Zhiguli yokuqala basebenzisa isekethe evamile yocingo olulodwa ukuxhuma abathengi bamandla kagesi. Intambo "enhle" ene-voltage yokusebenza engu-12 V ifaneleka kuwo wonke amadivaysi, izinzwa nezibani.Intambo yesibili "emibi" evela ebhethri kanye nejeneretha ixhuma abathengi bamanje ngokusebenzisa umzimba wensimbi wemoto.
Ukwakheka kwesistimu kagesi
Izinto eziyinhloko:
- imithombo kagesi;
- abathengi bamanje;
- ama-relay namaswishi.
Kulolu hlu, kuhlukaniswa imithombo eminingi eyinhloko nabathengi bamanje:
- Uhlelo lokuphakela amandla olunebhethri, ijeneretha kanye nesilawuli sikagesi.
- Isistimu yokuqalisa injini ngesiqalisi sikagesi.
- Isistimu yokushisa ehlanganisa izakhi ezimbalwa: ikhoyili yokuthungela, i-breaker contact, iswishi, ama-spark plug nezintambo ze-spark plug.
- Ukukhanyisa ngamalambu, amaswishi nama-relay.
- Lawula amalambu kuphaneli yezinsimbi nezinzwa.
- Ezinye izisetshenziswa zikagesi: iwasha yengilazi, amawipha amawindshi, i-heater motor kanye nophondo.
Izinombolo zokuma zezakhi zesekethe kagesi kumdwebo ojwayelekile weVAZ 2101:
- Izibani zangaphambili.
- Izinkomba zangaphambili.
- Izinkomba zendlela eseceleni.
- Ibhethri le-accumulator.
- Ukudluliselwa kwesibani sokulawula sokushajwa kwe-accumulator.
- I-relay yokufakwa kwe-beam edlulayo yamalambu.
- I-Relay ukuze uvule izibani zangaphambili zebhamu ephezulu.
- Ijeneretha.
- Isiqalo.
- Isibani se-hood.
- Spark plug.
- Inzwa yokukhanya yokucindezela uwoyela.
- Inzwa yegeji yezinga lokushisa epholile.
- Izimpawu zomsindo.
- Umsabalalisi.
- I-Windshield Wiper motor.
- Inzwa yesibani sokulawula izinga le-brake liquid.
- Ikhoyili yokuthungela.
- I-Windshield washer motor.
- Isilawuli samandla kagesi.
- I-heater motor.
- Isibani sebhokisi lamagilavu.
- I-resistor eyengeziwe ye-heater motor.
- Xhuma isokhethi yesibani esiphathekayo.
- Ukushintsha kwesilambu sebhuleki lokupaka.
- Misa ukushintsha kwesignali.
- Isiphazamisi sokudlulisa izinkomba.
- Ishintsha isibani.
- Ibhulokhi ye-Fuse.
- I-relay-breaker yelambu lokulawula lebhuleki lokupaka.
- I-Wiper edluliselwe.
- Ukushintsha kwe-heater motor.
- Isilayidi sikagwayi.
- Amaswishi alula atholakala ezinsikeni zomnyango wangemuva.
- Amaswishi alula atholakala ezinsikeni zomnyango wangaphambili.
- I-Plafon.
- I-ignition switch.
- Inhlanganisela yezinsimbi.
- Igeji yokushisa epholile.
- Lawula izibani eziphezulu ze-beam.
- Isibani sokulawula ukukhanyisa kwangaphandle.
- Lawula isibani sezinkomba zokujika.
- Isibani sokulawula ukushajwa kwebhethri elishajekayo.
- Isibani esixwayisa ngomfutho kawoyela.
- Ibhuleki lokupaka nelambu lesexwayiso sezinga loketshezi lwebhuleki.
- Igeji yamafutha.
- Isibani sokulawula indawo yokugcina amafutha.
- Isibani sokukhanyisa iqoqo lezinsimbi.
- Ukushintsha kwesibani.
- Vula iswishi yesignali.
- Ukushintsha uphondo.
- I-windshield washer switch.
- I-Wiper switch.
- Iswishi yokukhanyisa yangaphandle.
- Ukushintsha kokukhanyisa izinsimbi.
- Inkomba yezinga kanye nenzwa yokubeka uphethiloli.
- Ukukhanya kwesiqu.
- Amalambu angemuva.
- Isibani sepuleti lelayisense.
- Isibani esihlehlisayo.
Ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zikagesi kuncike ekuxhumaneni kwemithombo yamanje kanye nabathengi komunye nomunye. Ukuthintana okuqinile kuqinisekiswa amapulaki anqamula ngokushesha ekugcineni kwezintambo. Ukulingana okuphezulu kwamaqembu okuxhumana akufaki ukungena kwamanzi nomswakama. Amaphuzu anesibopho okuxhunywa kwezintambo ebhethrini, emzimbeni, ejeneretha kanye nesiqalisi aboshwe ngamantongomane. Ukuxhumana okuthembekile akufaki i-oxidation yoxhumana nabo.
Imithombo yamandla kagesi
Kumjikelezo jikelele wamaseli kagesi, ibhethri kanye ne-alternator imithombo eyinhloko yamandla kagesi emotweni. Ngaphandle kwebhethri, injini ngeke iqale, ngaphandle kwejeneretha, yonke imithombo yokukhanyisa nezinto ezisebenza ngogesi zizoyeka ukusebenza.
Ukusebenza kwawo wonke amasistimu kuqala ngebhethri. Uma ukhiye uphendulwa, ukugeleza kwamandla okunamandla kugeleza ezintanjeni ukusuka kubhethri kuya ku-starter traction relay kanye nomzimba, osetshenziswa “njengenqwaba” yesekhethi kagesi.
Uma ivuliwe, isiqalisi sidonsa okuningi kwamanje. Ungabambi ukhiye endaweni ethi "starter" isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukuphela kwebhethri.
Ngemva kokuqala injini, i-current evela ku-generator iphakela abanye abathengi. I-voltage ehlinzekwa yi-generator incike kwinani lokuguquguquka kwe-crankshaft, amandla amanje ancike enanini labathengi abaxhunyiwe. Ukugcina imingcele edingekayo yamanje, i-voltage regulator ifakiwe.
Izinombolo zokuma zama-elementi esekethe kagesi kumdwebo wokuxhuma ijeneretha:
- Ibhethri.
- Ukumiswa kwe-rotor ye-generator.
- Ijeneretha.
- I-generator stator winding.
- Isilungisi se-generator.
- Isilawuli samandla kagesi.
- Ama-resistors engeziwe.
- lokushisa isinxephezelo resistor.
- Mpintsha.
- I-ignition switch.
- Ibhulokhi ye-Fuse.
- Isibani sokulawula ukushaja.
- Ukushaja isilambu edluliselwe.
Uma isiqalisi sinesici, injini ayikwazi ukuqalwa. Ungakwazi ukuzungeza lo monakalo ohlelweni lweVAZ 2101 uma unikeza ukusheshisa okujikelezayo okwanele ku-crankshaft ngokuyijika ngesandla, ukwehla kwentaba noma ukusheshisa ngenye imoto.
Amamodeli angaphambili ayehlanganisa i-crank (edume kakhulu "i-crook starter") eyayivumela injini ukuthi iqalwe ngokuzungezisa i-crankshaft uma ibhethri ifile.
Ividiyo: siqala i-VAZ 2101 ngaphandle kwesiqalisi
Uhlelo lwe-Ignition
Izinto zikagesi ezibaluleke kakhulu ezilandelayo ikhoyili yokuthungela kanye nesisabalalisi esine-rotary contact breaker. Lawa madivayisi aqukethe othintana nabo abalayishwe kakhulu kudivayisi ye-VAZ 2101. Uma othintana nabo bezintambo eziphezulu ze-voltage ku-coil yokuthungela kanye nomsabalalisi bexhumene ngokukhululekile, ukumelana kuyanda futhi othintana nabo bayasha. Izintambo zidlulisa ama-voltage aphezulu, ngakho-ke zivalwa ngaphandle nge-plastic insulation.
Iningi lemishini kagesi edivayisini ye-VAZ 2101 ivuliwe ngokuvula ukhiye ekushiseni. Umsebenzi weswishi yokuthungela ukuvula nokuvala amasekhethi kagesi athile bese uqalisa injini. Ilokhi ixhunywe ku-shaft yokuqondisa. Ingxenye yamasekhethi amandla avikelwe amafuse axhumeke ngqo ebhethrini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhiye umi kuphi:
- uphahla lwe-salon;
- isignali yomsindo;
- isilayidi sikagwayi;
- isignali yokumisa.
Ithebula: uhlu lwamasekhethi ashintshiwe anezikhundla ezihlukene ezibalulekile kukhiye wokuthungela i-VAZ 2101
| Indawo esemqoka | othintana naye bukhoma | Amasekhethi ashintshiwe |
| "Ukupaka" | «30″-«INT» | Ukukhanyisa kwangaphandle, i-windshield wiper, i-heater |
| "30/1" | - | |
| "Kucishiwe" | "30", "30/1" | - |
| "Ignition" | «30″-«INT» | - |
| "30/1" - "15" | Ukukhanyisa kwangaphandle, i-windshield wiper, i-heater | |
| "Umqali" | "30" - "50" | Isiqalo |
| "30" - "16" |
Ukulawula ukusebenza, i-VAZ 2101 ifakwe izinsimbi. Ukusebenza kwabo okuthembekile kunikeza umshayeli ulwazi mayelana nesimo semoto.
Inhlanganisela yephaneli yensimbi iqukethe izinkomba ezihlukene ezinemicibisholo ebanzi, kunezindawo zombala ezikalini zokugqamisa izindlela zomngcele. Ukufundwa kwezinkomba kumelana nokudlidliza kuyilapho kugcinwa indawo ezinzile. Isakhiwo sangaphakathi samadivayisi asinazwe ngokushintsha kwamandla kagesi.
Umdwebo wezintambo ze-VAZ 2101 (injector)
I-classic carburetor power system yayisetshenziswa kabanzi emibuthanweni yezimoto eyenziwe yaseRussia. Ubulula bezinhlelo ze-carburetor kanye nenani elincane lezinzwa linikeze izilungiselelo ezithengekayo zezindlela ezihlukene zokusebenza kwenjini kunoma yimuphi umshayeli. Isibonelo, imodeli ye-Solex carburetor yahlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zabanikazi bezimoto ngesikhathi sokusheshisa nokunyakaza okuzinzile. Ukuntuleka kwentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezingxenye ezibizayo zakwamanye amazwe zesistimu yokujova uphethiloli isikhathi eside akuzange kuvumele ochwepheshe besikhungo ukuba bashintshele ekunikezeni uphethiloli womjovo. Ngakho-ke, i-VAZ 2101 ayizange ikhiqizwe embonini ene-injector.
Kodwa, inqubekelaphambili, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu abathengi bakwamanye amazwe, bafuna ukuba khona "komjovo". Uhlelo lwe-elekthronikhi lwaqeda ububi bokulawula ukuthungela ngomshini kanye nokunikezwa kukaphethiloli we-carburetor. Kamuva, amamodeli ane-electronic ignition kanye nesistimu yomjovo wephuzu elilodwa evela kwaGeneral Motors akhiqizwa ukuze athunyelwe ngaphandle ngenjini engu-1,7-litre.
Izinombolo zokuma zama-elementi esekethe kagesi kumdwebo onomjovo owodwa:
- Ifeni kagesi yesistimu yokupholisa.
- Ibhulokhi yokukhweza.
- Isilawuli sejubane lokungenzi lutho.
- Isilawuli.
- I-Octane potentiometer.
- Spark plug.
- Imojula yokushisa.
- Inzwa yendawo ye-Crankshaft.
- Iphampu yamafutha kagesi enenzwa yezinga likaphethiloli.
- I-Tachometer.
- Lawula isibani HLOLA INJINI.
- I-Ignition relay.
- Isivinini inzwa.
- Ibhokisi lokuxilonga.
- Umbhobho.
- I-canister purge valve.
- I-fuse yomjovo.
- I-fuse yomjovo.
- I-fuse yomjovo.
- I-relay yokuthungela ngomjovo.
- I-Relay yokuvula iphampu yamafutha kagesi.
- Ukudluliselwa kwe-heater kwepayipi lokungena.
- I-heater yepayipi yokufaka.
- I-fuse ye-heater yepayipi yokufaka.
- Inzwa ye-oxygen.
- Inzwa yokushisa epholile.
- Inzwa yesimo sempintsha.
- Inzwa yokushisa komoya.
- Inzwa yokucindezela okuphelele.
Abashayeli bezimoto abafisa ukuhlomisa ngokuzimela imoto ye-VAZ 2101 ngesistimu yokuhlinzeka ngamafutha omjovo kufanele baqonde ubunzima benqubo yomsebenzi kanye nesidingo sezindleko zempahla. Ukusheshisa inqubo yokushintsha i-carburetor nge-injector, kufanelekile ukuthenga ikhithi yokujova uphethiloli ephelele yezimoto zakudala ze-VAZ nazo zonke izintambo, isilawuli, i-adsorber nezinye izingxenye. Ukuze ungahlakaniphi ngokushintshwa kwezingxenye, kungcono ukuthenga ikhithi yekhanda le-cylinder emhlanganweni weVAZ 21214.
Ividiyo: i-injector yenza ngokwakho ku-VAZ 2101
Izintambo zangaphansi
Umjikelezo kagesi wemoto yesithonjana ibonakala ngokubeka okulula nokusebenza okuthembekile. Izintambo zixhunywe kuzinzwa ezifanele, amadivaysi namanodi. Ukuqina koxhumano kuqinisekiswa ngoxhumano olulula lokunqamula ngokushesha.
Lonke uhlelo lwezintambo zikagesi lungahlukaniswa lube izinyanda eziyisithupha zezintambo:
- ngaphambili;
- ngemuva;
- kwesokudla nesobunxele;
- imishayo yezibani kanye nezinkomba eziseceleni;
- izintambo zebhethri;
- izintambo zephaneli yensimbi.
Ngaphansi kwe-hood wiring ingafaka inqwaba yangaphambili yezintambo, izintambo zezinkomba zendlela kanye nebhethri. Izinzwa eziyinhloko nezinsimbi zitholakala endaweni yenjini:
- ibhethri;
- ukuqala;
- ijeneretha;
- imojula yokushisa;
- izintambo eziphezulu zama-voltage nama-spark plugs.
Izintambo eziwugqinsi kakhulu ezixhuma umzimba wemoto nebhethri kanye nenjini zisebenza njengomthombo wamandla kulawa madivayisi. Lezi zintambo zithwala amandla aphezulu kakhulu uma injini iqalwa. Ukuze kuvikelwe ukuxhunywa kukagesi emanzini nasekungcoleni, izintambo zifakwe amathiphu enjoloba. Ukuvimbela ukuhlakazeka nokuhlanganisa, zonke izintambo zihlanganiswa futhi zihlukaniswe zibe izinyanda ezihlukene, okulula ukuzishintsha uma kunesidingo.
Ihhanisi ligoqwe nge-adhesive tape futhi ligxiliswe emzimbeni, okuvimbela ukulengiswa kwamahhala nokubanjwa kwezintambo ngazinye yizingxenye ezihambayo zeyunithi yamandla. Endaweni yedivayisi ethile noma inzwa, inqwaba ihlukaniswa ngemicu ezimele. Amahhanisi ahlinzeka nge-oda elithile lemishini yokuxhuma, ebonakala kumjikelezo kagesi.
Izinombolo zokuma zezinto zesekethe kagesi kumdwebo wokuxhuma ukukhanya kwe-VAZ 2101:
- Farah.
- Ibhethri.
- Ijeneretha.
- Ibhulokhi ye-Fuse.
- Ukushintsha kwesibani.
- Shintsha.
- Ilokhi ye-Egnition.
- Idivayisi yokusayina ephezulu.
Ama-Latches kumabhulokhi okuxhuma epulasitiki aqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuphephile, avimbele ukulahleka kokuxhumana ngengozi ekudlidlizeni.
Izintambo zokubopha ekamelweni
Ihhanisi lezintambo zangaphambili, elisendaweni yenjini, iwuhlelo oluyinhloko lokuphakela ugesi. I-beam yangaphambili idlula ngaphakathi kwemoto ngembobo yobuchwepheshe ene-seal ngaphansi kwe-instrument panel. Isistimu kagesi yangaphambili ixhunywe ezintanjeni zephaneli yensimbi, ibhokisi le-fuse, amaswishi kanye nokokhela. Kule ngxenye ye-cabin, ama-circuits kagesi amakhulu avikelwe ngamafuse.
Ibhokisi le-fuse litholakala kwesokunxele sesiteringi. Ama-relay asizayo agxilile ngemuva kwebhulokhi kubakaki. Ukusebenza okuthembekile kwe-VAZ 2101 kuncike ekusebenzeni kahle kwemishini kagesi kanye nokudluliselwa.
Uhlu lwezingxenye zikagesi ezivikelwe ngamafuse:
- Isignali yomsindo, amalambu amabhuleki, amalambu osilingi ngaphakathi kwekhabhini, isilayidi sikagwayi, isokhethi yesibani esiphathwayo (16 A).
- Injini yokushisisa, i-wiper relay, i-windshield washer motor (8A).
- Isibani esiphezulu kwesokunxele, isibani esiphezulu esiyisixwayiso (8 A).
- Isibani esiphezulu esingakwesokudla (8 A).
- I-beam ecwilisiwe yesibani sangaphambili kwesokunxele (8 A).
- I-beam ecwilisiwe yesibani sangakwesokudla (8 A).
- Indawo yokukhanya kwesibani esiseceleni kwesokunxele, ukukhanya kwendawo kwesibani sangemuva kwesokudla, isibani senkomba sobukhulu, ilambu lokukhanyisa lephaneli yensimbi, ilambu lepuleti lelayisense, ilambu elingaphakathi kwesiqu (8 A).
- Indawo yokukhanya kwelambu elingakwesokudla, ukukhanya kwendawo kwesibani sangemuva kwesokunxele, ilambu elilula ugwayi, ilambu legumbi lenjini (8 A).
- Inzwa yezinga lokushisa elipholile, inzwa yezinga likaphethiloli nesibani senkomba ebekiwe, isibani sokucindezela uwoyela, ilambu lebhuleki yokupaka kanye nenkomba yezinga loketshezi lwebhuleki, isibani sezinga lokushajwa kwebhethri, izinkomba zezinkomba kanye nesibani senkomba yazo, ukukhanya okuhlehlisayo, isibani segumbi lokugcina ("ibhokisi lamagilavu") ( 8 A).
- Ijeneretha (i-excitation winding), isilawuli sikagesi (8 A).
Akunconywa ukufaka ama-fuses esikhundleni se-jumpers eyenziwe ekhaya. Umshini wangaphandle ungabangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwezingxenye zikagesi.
Ividiyo: esikhundleni sebhokisi le-fuse le-VAZ 2101 elidala nge-analogue yesimanje
Ukushintsha amadivaysi ekhabetheni kwenziwa ngezintambo ezine-voltage ephansi ezine-elastic oil- ne-petrol-resistant insulation. Ukuze kube lula ukuxazulula izinkinga, i-insulation yocingo yenziwa ngemibala ehlukene. Ukuze uthole ukuhlukaniswa okukhulu, imichilo ye-spiral kanye ne-longitudinal isetshenziswa endaweni yokushisa ukuze kukhishwe ubukhona bezintambo ezimbili zombala ofanayo kuma-bundle..
Kukholomu yokuqondisa kukhona othintana nabo bokushintshwa kwesikhombi sokuqondisa, imishayo ephansi nephezulu, nesignali yomsindo. Ezimweni zesitolo somhlangano, othintana nabo balezi zinguquko bagcotshwa ngamafutha akhethekile, okungafanele akhishwe ngesikhathi sokulungiswa. Ukugcotshwa kunciphisa ukungqubuzana futhi kuvimbela i-oxidation yokuxhumana kanye nezinhlansi ezingaba khona.
Izinombolo zokuma zama-elementi esekethe kagesi kumdwebo wokuxhumana wenkomba yokuqondisa:
- Izibani eziseceleni.
- Izinkomba zendlela eseceleni.
- Ibhethri.
- Ijeneretha.
- Ilokhi ye-Egnition.
- Ibhulokhi ye-Fuse.
- I-Relay-breaker.
- Idivayisi yokusayina yokuvula.
- Shintsha.
- Amalambu angemuva.
Isignali yesikhashana yesignali yokujika inqunywa i-relay-breaker. Ukuxhumana komhlabathi kunikezwa izintambo ezimnyama, ukuxhumana okuhle kuyizintambo ezipinki noma eziwolintshi. Ekamelweni labagibeli, izintambo zixhunyiwe:
- iphaneli yezinsimbi nezibani zezinkomba;
- imishayo yezibani;
- izinkomba zokuqondisa;
- ukukhanya kwangaphakathi;
- i-wiper;
- iwasha windshield ezinyaweni.
Ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwekhabhinethi, ngaphansi komata baphansi, kunentambo yokubopha ngemuva. Intambo isuka kuyo iye emshinini wesibani osilingini ensikeni yomnyango kanye neswishi yesibani sebhuleki yokupaka. Igatsha eliya ophahleni olungakwesokudla lidlula ngemuva kwe-beam yangemuva eduze nendawo yomzimba, kukhona nezintambo ezixhuma inzwa yenkomba yeleveli kanye nendawo yokugcina uphethiloli. Izintambo eziku-bundle zihlanganiswe nge-adhesive tape phansi.
Ukushintsha izintambo ngokwakho
Ngezinkinga eziningi ohlelweni lukagesi lwemoto, kufanele ucabange ngokushintshwa okuphelele kwe-wiring, hhayi izingxenye zomuntu ngamunye. Uma ubeka izintambo ezintsha, akunconywa ukuhlanganisa izintambo eziphansi-voltage ezinezintambo eziphezulu ze-voltage zibe yinqwaba eyodwa. Ukuqiniswa okuthembekile kwekesi kuzokhipha ukuncinwa kwezintambo kanye nokulimala kokuzihlukanisa. Amasokhethi amapulaki afanelekile azoqinisekisa ukuthintana okuqinile, okuzoqeda ukuvela kokuphuka kanye ne-oxidation.
Ukushintsha izintambo ngokwakho kungaphakathi kwamandla omshayeli onolwazi olukha phezulu lukachwepheshe kagesi.
Izizathu zokushintshwa
Inani lomsebenzi lincike ezingeni lokubaluleka kwesizathu:
- ukwehluleka ekusebenzeni kwamadivaysi okukhanyisa;
- ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini kagesi;
- i-oxidation ebalulekile yoxhumana nabo;
- ukungabikho njalo kwamanje ezintanjeni;
- ukukhishwa kwebhethri;
- ukulimala okuningi kokufakwa kwezintambo;
- ama-twist amaningi.
Ukushintsha ingxenye yezintambo zikagesi ekhabetheni, kufanele ulungiselele:
- umdwebo wezintambo zezingxenye zikagesi;
- izintambo ezineziphambano ezahlukene kanye nokufakwa kombala;
- itheyiphu kagesi;
- amabhlogo wokuxhuma;
- amatheminali ezintambo;
- ama-pliers.
Izinyathelo zokushintsha
Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, kufanele udwebe indawo yezintambo kanye nephinikhodi yamapads.
Ukushintshwa kwezintambo kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nemithetho yokuphepha kanye nomdwebo kagesi:
- Nqamula ibhethri.
- Susa izakhi zepulasitiki zokuhlobisa ekamelweni.
- Nquma indawo yenqwaba edingekayo yezintambo.
- Maka izintambo ezizoshintshwa kumdwebo.
- Nqamula amaphedi futhi ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokudonsa, susa izintambo ezindala.
- Faka izintambo ezintsha.
- Xhuma amaphedi.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi izintambo zihambisana nomdwebo.
- Setha izakhi zokuhlobisa.
- Xhuma ibhethri.
Uma ushintsha izintambo kuphaneli yensimbi, landela umdwebo wezintambo.
Izinombolo zokuma zezinto zesekethe kagesi kumdwebo wamadivayisi okulawula:
- Inzwa yokukhanya yokucindezela uwoyela.
- Inzwa yegeji yezinga lokushisa epholile.
- Inkomba yezinga kanye nenzwa yokubeka uphethiloli.
- Isibani sokulawula indawo yokugcina amafutha.
- Ibhuleki lokupaka nelambu lesexwayiso sezinga loketshezi lwebhuleki.
- Isibani esixwayisa ngomfutho kawoyela.
- Igeji yamafutha.
- Inhlanganisela yezinsimbi.
- Igeji yokushisa epholile.
- Ibhulokhi ye-Fuse.
- I-ignition switch.
- Ijeneretha.
- Ibhethri le-accumulator.
- I-relay-breaker yelambu lokulawula lebhuleki lokupaka.
- Ukushintsha kwesilambu sebhuleki lokupaka.
- Inzwa yeleveli yebhuleki.
Ukuze ugweme ukudideka okukhulu ezintanjeni kanye nokutholwa komonakalo oyisicefe, kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthenga ikhithi yokuhlanganisa izintambo yale modeli enawo wonke amabhulokhi, amapulaki nezixhumi.
Ividiyo: ukushintshwa kwezintambo kanye nokufakwa kwephaneli yezinsimbi kusuka ku-VAZ 2106
Amaphutha kagesi i-VAZ 2101
Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kwamaphutha akhonjiwe kusho ukuthi u-40% wokwehluleka kwenjini ye-carburetor kungenxa yokusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi kwesistimu yokuthungela.
Ukwehluleka kwemishini kagesi kunqunywa ngokubonakalayo, ngokuba khona kwe-voltage koxhumana nabo abahambisanayo: kukhona okwamanje noma akunjalo. Ukungasebenzi kahle akukwazi ukunqunywa kusenesikhathi: ngokungqongqoza, ukuklabalasa noma ukuvunyelwa okwengeziwe. Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle, kungenzeka ukuthi isifunda esifushane senzeke ku-wiring nezingxenye zikagesi. Ukubonakala kokungasebenzi kahle okungenzeka kungabonakala ngezintambo ezishisayo kanye nokufakwa okuncibilikile.
Ibhethri iyingozi yomlilo engaba khona. Indawo yebhethri engu-6 ST-55P engxenyeni yenjini ye-VAZ 2101 iseduze ne-exhaust eningi, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukushisa ibhange lebhethri nge-terminal "+", okuzoholela "ekubiliseni" kwebhethri. i-electrolyte. Ukufaka isivikelo se-asbestos phakathi kwebhethri ne-exhaust manifold kuzovimbela i-electrolyte ukuthi ingabiliki.
Umshayeli wemoto kufanele aqonde ukuthi umsebenzi wabathengi bakagesi uncike ekuqiniseni okuthembekile kwejeneretha kanye nesiqalisi sezindlu zenjini. Ukungabikho kwebhawudi eyodwa noma i-torque enganele ye-nati kuzoholela ekuguqulweni kwama-shafts, ukugxuma kanye nokuphuka kwamabhulashi.
Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-generator
Ukungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni kwejeneretha kuvezwa ngamandla anganele wamanje kagesi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-voltage yehla futhi isibani sokulawula sikhanyisa. Uma i-alternator ilimele, ibhethri izokhishwa. Ukushiswa komqoqi nokugqoka amabhulashi kulungiswa umshayeli ngokuzimela ngokufaka esikhundleni samabhulashi nokuhlanza umqoqi nge-sandpaper. Isifunda esifushane se-stator windings asikwazi ukulungiswa.
Ithebula: ukungasebenzi kahle kwejeneretha
| Ukungasebenzi kahle | Imbangela yokungasebenzi kahle | Ikhambi |
| Isibani sokulawula asikhanyi |
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| Isibani sikhanya ngezikhathi ezithile |
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| Ukushajwa kwebhethri okunganele |
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| Umsindo okhulayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwejeneretha |
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Inqubo yokuhlola i-generator enephutha
Uma isibani sokulawula ibhethri sivuliwe ngenkathi injini isebenza, kufanele kwenziwe ukukhohlisa okuyisisekelo ukuze kuhlolwe i-generator:
- Vula isigqoko.
- Ngesandla esisodwa, khulisa isivinini senjini ngokucindezela i-throttle lever.
- Ngakolunye uhlangothi, khipha ucingo “-—” kutheminali yebhethri imizuzwana emibili, ngemva kokukhulula isixhumi.
- Uma i-generator ingasebenzi, injini izoma. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bonke abathengi banamandla ebhethri.
Uma kudingekile ukushayela ku-VAZ 2101 ngaphandle kwe-generator, susa i-fuse No. Isistimu yokushisa izosebenza lapho i-voltage yehla ku-10 V. Kulokhu, akufanele usebenzise izibani, amabhuleki kanye nezinkomba zokuqondisa. Uma amalambu amabhuleki ekhanyisa, injini izoma.
Uma kune-alternator engalungile, ibhethri elivame ukushajwa likuvumela ukuthi uhambe ibanga elingafika ku-200 km.
Amamodeli okuqala e-VAZ 2101 afakwe i-electromagnetic voltage regulator PP-380. Njengamanje, lokhu kuguqulwa kwesilawuli kunqanyuliwe; uma kwenzeka kushintshwa, ama-analogue anamuhla afakiwe. Isilawuli asikwazi ukulungiswa ngesikhathi sokusebenza. I-voltmeter kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuhlola ukusebenza kwayo. Inqubo elula izohlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nokuhambisana kwayo nezici ezimenyezelwe zokulungiswa kwe-voltage ohlelweni olusebhodini:
- Qalisa injini.
- Vala bonke abasebenzisi bamanje.
- Linganisa i-voltage kumatheminali ebhethri nge-voltmeter.
- Ukusebenza okuvamile kwesilawuli kuhambisana ne-voltage engu-14,2 V.
Ukungasebenzi kahle kokuqala
Isiqalisi sinikeza ukujikeleza kokuqala kwe-crankshaft. Ukulula kwedivayisi yayo akusho ukuphikisa iqiniso lokubaluleka ekusebenzeni kohlelo lonke lwemoto. Umkhiqizo ungaphansi kokungcoliswa nokuguga kwezingxenye. Amandla amakhulu okudonsa abonakala esimweni se-fasteners namaqembu okuxhumana.
Ithebula: ukungasebenzi kahle kwesiqalisi okungenzeka
| Ukungasebenzi kahle | Imbangela yokungasebenzi kahle | Ikhambi |
| Isiqalisi asisebenzi |
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| Isiqalisi sijikisa injini kancane |
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| I-Starter iyasebenza, i-crankshaft ayijikelezi |
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| Ukuchofoza umsindo uma kuvuliwe |
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Ngaphambi kokukhipha i-starter ukuze ishintshwe noma ilungiswe, qiniseka ukuthi azikho izimbangela zesibili ezikhonjiswe etafuleni: ukukhishwa kwebhethri, i-oxidation yamatheminali noxhumana nabo, ukuphuka kwezintambo.
Okunye ukungasebenzi kahle
Lapho ama-electrode aseceleni esembozweni sokusabalalisa umlilo evutha, kufanele ahlanzwe futhi amapuleti athengiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe igebe elilungile phakathi kwe-electrode kanye nokuxhumana kwe-rotor. Uma ukuqhekeka kubonakala kwizindlu zokusabalalisa kusukela ku-electrode ephakathi kuya kuma-electrode aseceleni, kufanelekile ukugcwalisa ukuqhekeka nge-epoxy glue.
Ukungasebenzi kahle kwezibani zokulawula kuphaneli yezinsimbi nezibani zokukhanyisa azibonakali nje kuphela lapho i-filament ishisa, kodwa futhi kungabikho uxhumano oluthembekile emhlabathini. Ama-cold lamp filaments anciphise ukumelana. Ngesikhathi sokuvula, ishaja enkulu kagesi idlula entanjeni, iyifudumeza ngokushesha. Noma yikuphi ukuzamazama kungaholela ekuqhekekeni kwentambo ngenxa yokuncipha kwamandla emishini. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi uvule izibani uma umile.
Ukushiswa koxhumana nabo kwenzeka ngezizathu ezimbili:
- Imingcele engalungile yamanje egeleza ngemicu yezibani futhi ngokusebenzisa othintana nabo bemishini (i-voltage, yamanje, ukumelana).
- Oxhumana naye ongalungile.
Uma usebenza ezintweni zikagesi zemoto, nqamula intambo kutheminali enegethivu yebhethri.
Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, imoto ye-VAZ 2101 yayihambisana nezimiso zokunethezeka, ukwethembeka, ukukhiqiza. Ukunaka okujulile ekuthuthukisweni komklamo kube nesandla ekwehlisweni kwezindleko zokunakekela ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngokombono womshayeli, imodeli inokusebenza kahle okuhloniphekile kanye namandla. Ukuhlelwa okuhlangene kwezingxenye kanye nokuba khona kwemishini yokulawula kusiza ukusebenza nokugcinwa. Ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obusha kumjikelezo kagesi wemoto ye-VAZ 2101 imelelwa isethi eyinkimbinkimbi yezintambo namadivayisi kagesi, umsebenzi wawo oxhumene. Ukwehluleka komunye wamadivayisi kanye nokwehluleka kothintana naye kuzoholela ekungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lonke.
