Imoto kagesi emlandweni: izimoto zikagesi zokuqala | Ibhethri elihle

Imoto kagesi ivame ukubhekwa njengokusungulwa kwakamuva noma imoto yesikhathi esizayo. Eqinisweni, bekulokhu ikhona kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX: ngakho-ke, ukuncintisana phakathi kwezimoto zenjini evuthayo nezimoto zikagesi akuyona into entsha.

Ama-prototypes okuqala anebhethri 

I-prototypes yokuqala ye- izimoto zikagesi yavela cishe ngo-1830. Njengoba kunjalo ngezinto eziningi ezisunguliwe, izazi-mlando azikwazanga ukukhomba usuku kanye nobunikazi bomsunguli wemoto kagesi. Lesi yisihloko sempikiswano, nokho, singanikeza udumo kubantu abambalwa.  

Okokuqala, uRobert Anderson, usomabhizinisi waseScotland, ngo-1830 wakha uhlobo lwenqola kagesi esebenza ngozibuthe kagesi abayisishiyagalombili esebenzisa amabhethri angashajwa. Kwathi, cishe ngo-1835, uThomas Davenport waseMelika waklama injini yokuqala kagesi ethengiswayo futhi wakha isitimela esincane sikagesi.

Ngakho, lezi zimoto ezimbili zikagesi ziyisiqalo semoto kagesi, kodwa zasebenzisa amabhethri angaphinde ashajwe.

Ngo-1859, umFulentshi uGaston Planté wasungula eyokuqala ibhethri elishajekayo i-lead acid, ezothuthukiswa ngo-1881 yi-electrochemist uCamilla Fore. Lo msebenzi uye wayithuthukisa kakhulu impilo yebhethri futhi ngaleyo ndlela unikeze imoto esebenza ngogesi ikusasa elithembisayo.

Ukufika kwemoto kagesi

Umsebenzi owenziwe kumabhethri wazala amamodeli ezimoto zikagesi zokuqala ezinokwethenjelwa.

Siqala ngokuthola imodeli edalwe u-Camille Faure njengengxenye yomsebenzi wakhe ebhethrini, nozakwabo baseFrance u-Nicolas Raffard, unjiniyela wemishini, kanye no-Charles Jeanteau, umkhiqizi wezimoto. 

I-Gustave Fund, unjiniyela kagesi nomklami wezimoto zikagesi, uyathuthuka imoto kagesi ithuthukiswe ngabakwa-Siemens, ifakelwe ibhethri. Le njini iqale yajwayela isikebhe yabe isigitsheliswa ibhayisekili elinamasondo amathathu.

Ngo-1881, lesi sithuthuthu sikagesi sethulwa njengemoto yokuqala ngqa kagesi embukisweni weParis International Electricity Show.

Ngawo lowo nyaka, onjiniyela ababili abangamaNgisi, uWilliam Ayrton noJohn Perry, nabo bethula ibhayisikili elinamasondo amathathu kagesi. Le moto yayithuthuke kakhulu kunaleyo ekhiqizwe yi-Gustave Found: ibanga elingamakhilomitha angamashumi amabili, isivinini esingafika ku-15 km / h, imoto eguquguqukayo futhi ifakwe nezibani.

Njengoba imoto yayiphumelele kakhulu, ezinye izazi-mlando ziyibheka njengemoto yokuqala kagesi, ikakhulukazi i-German Autovision Museum. 

Vuka emakethe

 Ekupheleni kwekhulunyaka lama-XNUMX, imakethe yezimoto yahlukaniswa yaba yinjini kaphethiloli, injini yesitimu kanye nemoto kagesi.

Ngenxa yentuthuko eyenziwe emkhakheni wamabhayisikili amathathu, imoto kagesi izoba yizimboni kancane kancane futhi izoba nempumelelo ethile kumongo womsebenzi wezomnotho, ikakhulukazi eYurophu nase-United States. Ngempela, abanye onjiniyela baseFrance, baseMelika nabaseBrithani bazothuthukisa kancane kancane izimoto zikagesi ukuze zithuthukise ukusebenza kwazo. 

Ngo-1884 unjiniyela waseBrithani Thomas Parker kubikwa ukuthi wenze enye yezimoto zikagesi zokuqala, njengoba kubonakala esithombeni sokuqala esaziwayo esibonisa imoto kagesi. UThomas Parker ungumnikazi wenkampani i-Elwell-Parker, eyakha amabhethri nama-dynamos.

Uyaziwa ngokuthi usungule amathuluzi anika amandla amathilamu kagesi okuqala: Ithilamu yokuqala kagesi yaseBrithani eBlackpool ngo-1885. Ubuye waba ngunjiniyela weMetropolitan Railway Company futhi wabamba iqhaza ekufakeni ugesi eLondon Underground.

Izimoto zikagesi zokuqala seziqala ukudayiswa, futhi lokhu ikakhulukazi umkhumbi wamatekisi wezinkonzo zedolobha.

Impumelelo ikhula ikakhulukazi e-United States, lapho abantu baseNew York bakwazi ukusebenzisa amatekisi okuqala kagesi kusukela ngo-1897. Lezi zimoto bezifakwe amabhethri aneasidi yomthofu futhi zishajwa eziteshini ezikhethekile ebusuku.

Sibonga imodeli ye-Electrobat, eyakhiwe unjiniyela uHenry G. Morris kanye nosokhemisi uPedro G. Salomon, imoto kagesi ibambe u-38% wemakethe yezimoto yase-US.

Imoto kagesi: imoto ethembisayo  

Izimoto zikagesi zenze umlando wezimoto futhi zibe nezinsuku zazo zodumo olukhulu, ukwephula amarekhodi nokugijima. Ngaleso sikhathi, izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi zazisebenza kahle kakhulu kuneziqhudelana nazo ezishisayo.

Ngo-1895, imoto kagesi yabamba iqhaza ku-rally okokuqala. Lona umjaho waseBordeaux-Paris onemoto ka-Charles Jeanteau: amahhashi angu-7 namabhethri e-Fulmain angu-38 angu-15 kg lilinye.

Ngo-1899, imoto kagesi kaCamilla Jenatzi "La Jamais Contente". lena imoto yokuqala emlandweni ukweqa i-100 km / h. Ukuze uthole indaba emangalisayo ngemuva kwalokhu kufakwa, sikumema ukuthi ufunde isihloko sethu esigcwele ngalesi sihloko.