Kushunqa emakhazeni

imoto ebhema emakhazeni ngokuvamile lapho ama-valve stem seal egqokwa, lapho amasongo e-piston ebambekile, lapho usebenzisa i-viscosity engafanele noma uwoyela wenjini osezingeni eliphansi nje. Ezinjinini zikadizili, lokhu kungaba wuphawu lwezinkinga zamapulaki akhanyayo, nesistimu kaphethiloli (iphampu yomfutho ophezulu) futhi izibonakalisa uma usebenzisa uphethiloli we-dizili ongekho ngenkathi.

Isimo	Abangele intuthu emakhazeni
Intuthu ekuqaleni okubandayo	ama-valve stem seal agugile; izindandatho zepiston ezicwiliswe kancane; izinzwa ze-ICE ezinephutha; uphethiloli osezingeni eliphansi.
Kushunqa emakhazeni, bese kuyayeka	amafutha akhethwe ngokungalungile; uwoyela osezingeni eliphansi noma ovalekile (futhi kwesinye isikhathi uphethiloli) isihlungi; ama-injection avuzayo.
Kushunqa intuthu emhlophe uma kubanda	i-antifreeze ingena kumasilinda; i-condensate eningi ehwamukayo ngepayipi lokukhipha umoya.
Ibhema eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uma kubanda	inani elincane lamafutha angena kumasilinda ngenxa ye-MSCs engalungile noma izindandatho ze-piston; uwoyela wenjini ye-viscosity ephansi.
Ubhema intuthu emnyama ekuqaleni okubandayo	ukucebisa kabusha ingxube kaphethiloli; izinjini zikadizili zingase zibe nentuthu emnyama uma amapulaki akhanyayo engasebenzi kahle.

Kungani ngibhema enjinini ebandayo kaphethiloli

Izizathu zokuthi kungani i-ICE kaphethiloli ibhema kobandayo zihambisana ngokuphelele nawo womabili amayunithi amandla omjovo kanye ne-carburetor. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngokuvamile, izinkinga azikho ohlelweni lokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi, kodwa ekusebenzeni kweyunithi ngokwayo. ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani kunomusi ku-ICE ebandayo, udinga ukubheka umbala wayo. Amagesi e-exhaust angaba nomthunzi ohlukile - kodwa ngokuvamile, kuba intuthu emhlophe, empunga noma emnyama. Imbangela yentuthu ebandayo ingase ibe enye yemininingwane nezinto ezicatshangelwa kabanzi.

Avalekile amafutha seals

Umsebenzi oyisisekelo wezigqoko zamafutha ukuvimbela uwoyela wenjini ukuthi ungangeni kumasilinda. Nokho, lapho ziguga, ingcosana yamafutha ingase ingene egunjini elivuthayo. Izimo ezimbili zingenzeka lapha. Okokuqala ukuthi injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ebandayo, izikhala kuyo zincane, ngakho-ke, ngemva kokuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, amafutha angena kancane kumasilinda ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kodwa izikhala ziyakhula futhi uwoyela uyeka ukuvuza. Kanjalo, ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa yokusebenza kwe-ICE, intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka evela epayipini lokukhipha umoya iyama.

Elinye icala lisho ukuthi amanye ama-ICE aklanywe ngendlela yokuthi uwoyela omncane ungangena kumasilinda lapho imoto ingasebenzi. Ngokufanayo, ekuqaleni, la mafutha ashesha ngokushesha, futhi ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa i-exhaust ibuyela esimweni esijwayelekile futhi imoto ayisabhemi amafutha.

Piston rings wanamathela

Imvamisa, injini evuthayo yangaphakathi iyabhema lapho iqala kubanda ngenxa yokuthi amasongo e-piston "alale phansi". Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kokubili umusi ompunga nomhlophe ungaphuma embhobheni wokuqeda.

Amafutha amaningi angangena kumasilinda, okuhlanganisa ngenxa yamasongo e-piston anamathele. Ngemuva kokufudumala, kuze kube yilapho inkinga ikhula, umsebenzi we-piston uba ngcono, futhi ngokufanele, uyabhema uma kubanda, bese uyama lapho injini ishisa. Futhi, inkinga ingase ihambe ngemva kokuhlobisa injini evuthayo yangaphakathi.

Uma ibhema emhlophe lapho ibanda, khona-ke lokhu kubonisa ukuba khona kwe-coolant (antifreeze) kumasilinda. Kodwa-ke, i-antifreeze ngokuvamile ingena kumasilinda nge-cylinder head gasket. Isibonelo, uma isendaweni ethile endaweni eyodwa ayicindezelwanga noma ilimele. Uma ikhanda le-cylinder lingaqinisiwe ngokwanele, ukubhema ngamakilabhu amhlophe kungase kume ngemva kokufudumala ngenxa yokwanda kwensimbi nokubuyiselwa kokulingana okuqinile kwezindawo.

Ukuze uthole ukuthi izindandatho zikusiphi isimo, ukuqaqa injini yomlilo yangaphakathi kuzosiza. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kwalokho, kungcono ukuhlola ukucindezelwa kwenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo. Uma ungaphendukeli ekulungiseni injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, izithasiselo zikawoyela zisiza ukuxazulula inkinga okwesikhashana.

amafutha akhethwe ngokungalungile

Lesi sizathu sijwayelekile kuma-ICE agugile anamamayela anzima. Iqiniso liwukuthi ezimweni eziningi, i-automaker ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha enjini ngama-viscosities ahlukene, kuye ngokuthi isimo senjini yomlilo yangaphakathi yemoto. Uma i-motor igugile, izikhala phakathi kwamapheya ayo okuxubha zizoba zikhulu, isibonelo, emasongweni e-piston. Ngakho, uwoyela ozacile ungangena kumasilinda kuze kube yilapho injini ifudumala futhi izikhala zanda. Ngamafutha aminyene, lokhu ngeke kwenzeke.

Indlela yokukhetha amafutha

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Kunezimo lapho imoto ibhema lapho kubanda, nakuba i-viscosity yamafutha, njengoba ibonakala, ikhethwe ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kungenxa yezinga layo eliphansi, ngamanye amazwi, amafutha omgunyathi noma asezingeni eliphansi athelwa enjinini. Kwabanye abashayeli, imoto ingase ibheme lapho kubanda, bese ima ngemva kwalokho ukushintshwa kwesihlungi samafutha uma nayo kuvela ukuthi iyinkohliso.

Ukuqina kukhetho

Esikhathini esibandayo, imoto cishe ihlale ibhema ngokushesha ngemva kokugwaza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngemva kokuphola kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, amafomu e-condensation ezindongeni ze-exhaust system. Uma kubanda, kungaze kuqandwe. Ngakho-ke, lapho injini evuthayo yangaphakathi iqalwa ekuseni, amagesi e-exhaust ayishisa le condensate futhi iphenduka isitimu. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokuqala, kuthatha imizuzu embalwa ukuthi i-condensate ihwamuke ohlelweni lwe-exhaust. Isikhathi sokuhwamuka sizoncika ezingeni lokushisa ngaphandle, umthamo wenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kanye nomklamo wesistimu yokukhipha umoya.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi enkungwini futhi uma nje kunomswakama ophezulu, amagesi aphuma epayipini angabonakala kangcono kakhulu kunesimo sezulu esomile. Ngakho-ke, uma ubona ukuthi imoto ibhema intuthu emhlophe esimweni sezulu esimanzi, kodwa hhayi esimweni sezulu esomile, cishe akukho lutho lokukhathazeka ngakho. Ngaphandle uma kuneminye imiphumela emibi, kunjalo!

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinzwa zenjini

Kuma-ICE omjovo, iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi ye-ICE inesibopho sokwakheka kwengxube kaphethiloli. Igxila ekufundweni kwezinzwa ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa elipholile kanye nezinzwa zokushisa komoya wokungena. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ingxube kaphethiloli ephinde yacetshiswa, okuzophumela kuntuthu omnyama endaweni ebandayo. Ngemva kokufudumala kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, ingxube kaphethiloli iba buthakathaka futhi yonke into ingena endaweni!

Intuthu ngemva kokulungisa kabusha

Ngemuva kokulungiswa okukhulu kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, imoto ingaphinde ibheme isikhashana uma kubanda. Lokhu kuziphatha kuhlotshaniswa nokuhlikihla izingxenye komunye nomunye.

Kushunqa udizili obandayo

Izinjini zikadizili zinezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani zibhema lapho kubanda:

• ukwehluleka kwe-nozzle. Ukushiswa okungaphelele kukaphethiloli kwenzeka. Uma okungenani i-injection eyodwa ingasebenzi kahle, khona-ke injini yomlilo yangaphakathi iqala ukuphindaphinda kathathu kubanda. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukungcoliswa kombhobho noma ikhwalithi ephansi yesifutho. Njengoba injini ifudumala, ingxube kaphethiloli ivutha kangcono, ngokulandelana, injini iqala ukusebenza kangcono.
• i-crankcase ventilation ivaliwe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, injini kadizili idonsa uwoyela, futhi ivutha kanye nophethiloli. Ngenxa yalokho, kuphuma intuthu emnyama noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuze kube yilapho injini ifudumala ngokwanele.
• Amapulaki akhanyayo. Uma ipulaki elikhanyayo lingashisi kahle noma lingasebenzi nhlobo, khona-ke kumasilinda, lapho kubanda, uphethiloli ungase ungashi noma uphethiloli ungase ungashi ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yalokho, kuvela intuthu emnyama ekuphumeni. Izoba khona kuze kube yilapho injini ifudumala ngokwanele.
• amafutha. Umusi we-diesel obandayo uvame ukuba nombala omnyama, ngoba ngisho nokuvuza okuncane okuvela kuma-injection kaphethiloli, kuholela entweni enjalo ngemva kokuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

Okufanele ukwenze uma injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ibhema emakhazeni

Uma, ngemva kwesikhathi eside sokungenzi lutho, umshini ubhema kakhulu, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana uyayeka, khona-ke isheke kufanele lenziwe ngokuvumelana ne-algorithm elandelayo:

1. Linganisa amakhilomitha enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi yemoto, futhi khumbula ukuthi hlobo luni lwamafutha oluthelwa ku-crankcase nokuthi yashintshwa isikhathi esingakanani. Ngakho-ke, uma i-motor igugile, futhi i-low-viscosity oil ithululelwa lapho, khona-ke kufanelekile ukuyishintsha ngokuqina. Kanye nokushintsha uwoyela wenjini, ungakhohlwa ukushintsha isihlungi samafutha, futhi kuhle ukuthatha isihlungi sokuqala. Uma uwoyela usumdala, futhi injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ine-mileage ephezulu, ngakho-ke kuhle ukusula uhlelo lwamafutha ngaphambi kokushintsha uwoyela.
2. Ukubonakala kwentuthu empunga noma emnyama enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi ebandayo kuyithuba lokuhlola ukucindezelwa kanye nesimo samaringi episton. Uma ukucindezela kuphansi, udinga ukuthola isizathu. Kwezinye izimo, imbangela ingaqedwa ngokukhipha ikhabhoni emasongweni. Kanye ne-decarbonization, kuyalulekwa futhi ukuthi uthele uwoyela oshisayo enjinini yangaphakathi evuthayo ngezinhloso zokuhlanza, bese ushintsha uwoyela ube omusha, noma kunjalo, kucatshangelwa i-viscosity ngokuya ngesimo senjini yomlilo yangaphakathi kanye nemayela layo. . Uma kukhona ukusetshenziswa kawoyela okuphezulu njalo, kufanelekile ukushintsha izindandatho ze-piston.
3. Hlola isimo sezimpawu zamafutha. Lesi yisizathu esijwayelekile sokuthi kungani imoto ibhema uma kubanda. Ezimotweni ezifuywayo, i-mileage cishe ngaphambi kokushintshwa okulandelayo kwe-caps imayelana namakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-80. Ezimotweni zakwamanye amazwe, kucatshangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ekhwalithi ephezulu, le mileage ingaba izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngaphezulu.
4. hlola izinzwa usebenzisa ithuluzi lokuxilonga. Uma ikhombisa iphutha kunoma yimaphi ama-node, khona-ke kufanelekile ukuyithatha ngokucophelela bese uyishintsha.
5. Hlola izinga likawoyela nesimo. Ukwenyuka kwevolumu noma ukushintsha kombala kungase kubonise ukuba khona kwe-antifreeze. Lapho izinga lomunye wamanzi liyancipha, ukuxilongwa okwengeziwe kufanele kwenziwe - hlola izimpawu ze-valve stem, izindandatho, i-cylinder head gasket.

Kubanikazi bezinjini ze-diesel, ngaphezu kwezincomo ezingenhla, kuhle futhi ukwenza izinqubo eziningana ezengeziwe.

1. Uma, ngaphezu komusi, ngemva kokuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, futhi "i-troit", khona-ke udinga ukuhlola isimo se-injection fuel. Uma i-nozzle ehlulekile noma engcolile itholakala, kufanele iqale ihlanzwe, futhi uma lokhu kungasizi, esikhundleni sayo kufakwe entsha.
2. Hlola futhi, uma kunesidingo, hlanza i-EGR.
3. Hlola ukusebenza kwephampu yomfutho ophezulu, ivalve yokuhlola kanye nolayini kaphethiloli uwonke ukuthi uphethiloli uvuza yini.

isiphetho

Ngokwezibalo, cishe 90% amacala, isizathu sokuthi imoto ubhema lapho kubanda uhlulekile valve stem seals. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, udinga ukuhlola isimo sabo. Ngemva kwalokho, udinga ukuhlola isimo piston izindandatho, viscosity kanye nesimo jikelele amafutha. Ngeke kube yinto engafanele ukuhlonza iyunithi yokulawula amaphutha. Njengenketho yokuxilongwa okusheshayo nokuthola umsuka wentuthu, ishidi elivamile lephepha elimhlophe eduze ne-exhaust lingaba. Ngokulandela umkhondo kanye nephunga elisele kulo, unganquma ngokushesha ukuthi yini engena ekamelweni elivuthayo - uketshezi, uphethiloli noma uwoyela.