I-Dual-mass (i-dual-mass) i-flywheel - isimiso, umklamo, uchungechunge

Ngegama lesitsotsi le-fly-mass noma i-dual-mass fly, kukhona idivayisi ebizwa nge-flywheel ye-dual-mass. Le divayisi ivumela ukudluliswa kwe-torque isuka enjini iye ekudlulisweni futhi iqhubekele emasondweni emoto. I-flywheel enamasondo amabili idonse ukunaka komphakathi ngenxa yokuphila isikhathi esilinganiselwe. Ukushintshaniswa akusebenzi nje kuphela, kepha futhi kudinga nezindleko zezezimali, ngoba isikhwama siqukethe kusuka kumakhulu amaningana kuya kwayinkulungwane. Phakathi kwabashayeli bezimoto, uvame ukuzwa umbuzo wokuthi yiziphi izimoto ezinamasondo amabili ezisetshenziselwa zona lapho bekungekho zinkinga ngezimoto.

Umbono omncane nomlando

Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ephindaphindayo ingumshini oyinkimbinkimbi, ophazanyiswa ukusebenza kwawo esigabeni. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-flywheel ixhunywe ku-crankshaft, umsebenzi wawo owukuqongelela amandla e-kinetic anele ukuze unqobe ukuphikiswa okungenzi lutho ngesikhathi sokucindezela (okungasebenzi). Lokhu kufeza, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukufana okudingekayo kwenjini. Injini isebenza ngokulingana uma injini inamasilinda amaningi noma i-flywheel enkulu (esindayo). Kodwa-ke, i-flywheel esindayo inciphisa ukusinda kwenjini futhi inciphisa ukulungela kwayo ukuphenduka ngokushesha. Lesi simo singabonwa, isibonelo, ngenjini engu-1,4 TDi noma engu-1,2 HTP. Nge-flywheel enamandla kakhulu, lezi zinjini ezinamasilinda amathathu zisebenza kancane futhi zihamba kancane futhi. Ububi balokhu kuziphatha, isibonelo, ukushintsha kwamagiya ahamba kancane. Ubukhulu be-flywheel buphinde buthonywe ukwakheka kwamasilinda (in-line, imfoloko noma ibhokisi). Injini ephikisana ne-roller ephikisanayo ngokomthetho ibhalansise kakhulu kune, isibonelo, injini ye-in-line-cylinder four-cylinder. Ngakho-ke, iphinde ibe ne-flywheel encane kunenjini ehambisana nomugqa wamasilinda amane. Ubukhulu be-flywheel buthinta isimiso sokuvutha, isibonelo, izinjini zesimanje zedizili cishe zidinga njalo i-flywheel. Uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo kaphethiloli, izinjini zikadizili ngokuvamile zinesilinganiso sokuminyanisa esiphezulu kakhulu, lapho zisebenzisa umsebenzi omningi kakhulu - amandla e-kinetic we-flywheel ejikelezayo.

I-kinetic energy Ek ehlotshaniswa ne-flywheel ejikelezayo ibalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula elandelayo:

I-Ec = 1/2·J ω2

(kuphi J umzuzu we-inertia yomzimba mayelana ne-axis yokujikeleza, ω isivinini se-angular sokujikeleza komzimba).

Imishayo yokulinganisa isiza futhi ekuqedeni ukusebenza okungalingani, kepha idinga inani elithile lomsebenzi womshini ukuyihambisa. Ngaphezu kokungalingani, ukuphindwaphindwa kwesikhathi kwezikhathi ezine nakho kuholela ekunyakazeni kwe-torsional, okuthinta kabi idrive nokudluliswa. Isisindo esivamile se-inertial yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi siqukethe uquqaba lwezinto ezingenangqondo zezingxenye ze-crank mechanism (i-balance shafts), i-flywheel ne-clutch. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akwenele ukuqeda ukunyakaza okungafuneki esimweni sezinjini zikadizili ezinamandla futhi ezingaphansi kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukudluliswa kanye nalo lonke uhlelo lokushayela kufanele kuvikelwe kule miphumela emibi, ngoba ukugcwala ngokweqile kungenzeka ngejubane elithile, okuholela ekucindezelekeni ngokweqile ku-crankshaft nokudluliswa, ukudlidlizela komzimba okungajabulisi, kanye nomsindo wengaphakathi lemoto. Lokhu kungabonakala ngokusobala kumdwebo ongezansi, okhombisa ubukhulu bokudlidliza kwenjini nokudluliswa ngama-flywheels ajwayelekile futhi anamasango amabili. Ukudlidliza kwe-crankshaft lapho kuphuma enjinini nasekushayweni komnyango emnyango wokudlulisela kuye kwaba nobukhulu obufanayo nobuningi. Ngezivinini ezithile, lokhu kushintshashintsha kuyadlula, okuholela ezingcupheni nasekubonakalisweni okungafuneki.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinjini ze-diesel zinamandla kakhulu kunezinjini zikaphethiloli, ngakho izingxenye zazo zinzima kakhulu (i-crank mechanism, izinduku zokuxhuma, njll.). Ukulinganisa nokulinganisa injini enjalo kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi ngempela, isixazululo esihlanganisa uchungechunge lwezinto ezibalulekile kanye nokuphuma. Kafushane nje, injini evuthayo yangaphakathi yakhiwe izingxenye eziningi, ngayinye inesisindo sayo nokuqina kwayo, ezihlangana zakha uhlelo lwemithombo ye-torsion. Uhlelo olunjalo lwemizimba yezinto ezibonakalayo, oluxhunywe yiziphethu, luvame ukuzulazula kumafrikhwensi ahlukene ngesikhathi sokusebenza (ngaphansi komthwalo). Ibhendi yokuqala ebalulekile yamafrikhwensi e-oscillation ilele kububanzi obungu-2-10 Hz. Le mvamisa ingabhekwa njengemvelo futhi empeleni ayibonwa ngumuntu. Ibhendi yesibili yefrikhwensi ikububanzi obungu-40-80 Hz, futhi sibona lokhu kudlidliza njengokudlidliza, nomsindo njengokuduma. Umsebenzi wabaklami ukuqeda le resonance (40-80 Hz), okusho ngokusebenza kusho ukuthuthela endaweni lapho umuntu engathandeki kakhulu (cishe 10-15 Hz).

Imoto iqukethe izindlela ezimbalwa eziqeda ukudlidliza okungemnandi nomsindo (amabhlogo athule, ama-pulleys, ukufakwa komsindo), futhi emnyombweni kukhona i-clutch evamile ye-disc friction clutch. Ngaphezu kokudlulisa i-torque, umsebenzi wayo futhi ukudambisa ukudlidliza kwe-torsional. Iqukethe iziphethu okuthi, uma kwenzeka ukudlidliza okungafuneki, iminyanise futhi imunce iningi lamandla ayo. Endabeni yezinjini eziningi zikaphethiloli, amandla okumunca we-clutch eyodwa anele. Umthetho ofanayo wasebenza ezinjinini zikadizili kuze kube maphakathi nawo-90s, lapho i-1,9 TDi edumile enepompo ye-rotary ye-Bosch VP yayanele nge-clutch evamile kanye ne-flywheel yakudala ye-single-mass.

Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinjini zikadizili zaqala ukuhlinzeka ngamandla amakhulu nangaphezulu ngenxa yevolumu engaphansi nencane (inani lamasilinda), isiko lokusebenza kwabo lagqama, futhi, okokugcina, ingcindezi ku "saw flywheel" "yasungulwa futhi yaqina ngokwengeziwe imigomo yemvelo. Ngokuvamile, ukuncishiswa kokudlidlizeliswa kwethoni kwakungasenakuhlinzekwa ubuchwepheshe obudala, ngakho-ke isidingo se-flywheel enesisindo ezimbili saba yisidingo. Inkampani yokuqala ukwethula i-ZW (Zweimassenschwungrad) dual-mass flywheel kwakunguLuK. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo ngobuningi kwaqala ngo-1985, kanti iBMW yaseJalimane yaba ngowokuqala ukwenza izimoto ukukhombisa intshisekelo kule divayisi entsha. I-flywheel enama-double-mass iye yathuthukiswa kaningi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kanti isitimela samagiya eplanethi i-ZF-Sachs njengamanje sithathwa njengesiphambili kakhulu.

I-Dual mass flywheel - ukuklama nomsebenzi

I-double-mass flywheel isebenza njenge-flywheel evamile, ephinda yenza umsebenzi wokudambisa ukudlidliza kwe-torsional futhi ngaleyo ndlela iqede kakhulu ukudlidliza nomsindo okungafuneki. I-dual-mass flywheel ihlukile kweyakudala ngoba ingxenye yayo enkulu - i-flywheel - ixhumeke kalula ku-crankshaft. Ngakho-ke, esigabeni esibucayi (kuze kufike esiqongweni sokucindezelwa) kuvumela ukwehla kwe-crankshaft, bese futhi (ngesikhathi sokunwetshwa) ukusheshisa okuthile. Kodwa-ke, ijubane le-flywheel lihlala lingashintshi, ngakho-ke ijubane ekuphumeni kwebhokisi le-gearbox nalo lihlala lingashintshi futhi ngaphandle kokudlidliza. I-dual mass flywheel idlulisela amandla ayo e-kinetic ngendlela efanayo ku-crankshaft, amandla okusabela asebenza enjinini ngokwawo ashelela, futhi iziqongo zala mandla ziphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke injini nayo iyandindizela futhi inyakazise ingxenye esele yenjini. umzimba. Ukuhlukana phakathi kwe-inertia eyinhloko ohlangothini lwe-motor kanye ne-inertia yesibili ohlangothini lwe-gearbox kwandisa isikhathi sokushintshwa kwezingxenye ezijikelezayo ze-gearbox. Lokhu kuhambisa ububanzi be-resonant buyiswe kububanzi obuphansi be-frequency (rpm) kunesivinini sokungenzi-lutho futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuphume ebangeni lezivinini zokusebenza zenjini. Ngale ndlela, ukudlidliza kwe-torsional okukhiqizwa injini kuyahlukaniswa nokudluliselwa, futhi umsindo wokudlulisela nokubhonga komzimba akusekho. Ngenxa yokuthi izingxenye eziyinhloko nezesibili zixhunywe yi-torsional vibration damper, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa i-clutch disc ngaphandle kokumiswa kwe-torsional.

I-dual-mass flywheel iphinde isebenze njengento ebizwa ngokuthi i-shock absorber. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kusiza ukudambisa amahithi e-clutch ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwegiya (lapho isivinini senjini sidinga ukulingana nesivinini samasondo) futhi kusiza ukuqalisa kahle. Kodwa-ke, izakhi eziqinile (iziphethu) ku-flywheel enesisindo esikabili zihlala zikhathala futhi zivumela i-flywheel ukuthi ihambe banzi futhi ibe lula uma iqhathaniswa ne-crankshaft. Inkinga ivela uma sebekhathele - bakhishwa ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kokwelula iziphethu, ukugqoka kwe-flywheel kusho ukuphusha izimbobo ezikhoneni zokukhiya. Ngakho, i-flywheel ayigcini nje ukudambisa ama-oscillations (ama-oscillations), kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, idala. Ukuma emikhawulweni eyeqisayo yokuzungezisa i-flywheel iqala ukuvela, ngokuvamile njengamabhampu lapho ushintsha amagiya, ukuqala, kuzo zonke izimo lapho i-clutch ibanjiwe noma inqanyuliwe, noma lapho ushintsha isivinini. I-Wear izophinda ibonakale njengeziqalo ezinyakazayo, ukudlidliza okudlulele nomsindo cishe ngo-2000 rpm, noma ukudlidliza okweqile uma ungenzi lutho. Ngokuvamile, ama-flywheels anesisindo esikabili ahlangabezana nengcindezi enkulu kakhulu ezinjinini ezingaphansi kwesilinda (isb. amasilinda amathathu/amane) lapho ukungalingani kukhulu kakhulu kunezinjini zamasilinda ayisithupha.

Ngokwakheka, ifwili yesisindo esimbili inesikebhe esiyindilinga esiyinhloko, i-flywheel yesibili, i-damper yangaphakathi ne-damper yangaphandle.

Ungakuthinta kanjani / wandise impilo ye-Dual Mass Flywheel?

Impilo yeFlywheel ithonywe ukwakheka kwayo kanye nezakhiwo zenjini efakwe kuyo. I-flywheel efanayo evela kumkhiqizi ofanayo isebenza ngamakhilomitha angama-300 kwezinye izinjini, futhi kwezinye izothatha ingxenye kuphela yengxenye. Inhloso yasekuqaleni kwakungukusungula ama-flywheel anesisindo esiphindwe kabili esizosinda size silingane (km) nayo yonke imoto. Ngeshwa, empeleni, i-flywheel imvamisa idinga ukushintshwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kaningi ngaphambi kwe-clutch disc. Ngaphezu kokuklanywa kwenjini ne-flywheel uqobo lwayo uqobo, umqhubi unethonya elikhulu empilweni yenkonzo yakhe. Zonke izimo eziholela ekudlulisweni kwegalelo kolunye uhlangothi noma kwesinye zinciphisa impilo yenkonzo yayo.

Ukuze welule impilo ye-Dual Mass Flywheel, akunconywa ukushayela njalo injini engaphansi (ikakhulukazi engaphansi kuka-1500 rpm), cindezela i-clutch kanzima (okungcono ngaphandle kokushintsha uma ushintsha amagiya), futhi ungayishiyi injini (okungukuthi ibhuleki injini). kuphela ngesivinini esifanelekile). Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi ngesivinini esingu-80 km / h awuvuli igiya lesibili, kodwa lesithathu noma lesine futhi kancane kancane ushintshele egiyeni eliphansi). Abanye abakhiqizi batusa (kulokhu kwa-VW) ukuthi uma imoto ipakwe nemoto emile ebhange elithambile, kufanele kufakwe ibhuleki lesandla kuqala bese kufakwe igiya (igiya elingemuva noma lama-XNUMX). Uma kungenjalo, imoto izohamba kancane futhi i-dual-mass flywheel izongena kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlanganyela okungapheli, okubangela ukungezwani (ukunwetshwa kweziphethu). Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ungasebenzisi isivinini samagquma, futhi uma kunjalo, kuphela ngemuva kokubhuleka imoto ngebhuleki lesandla, ukuze ungabangeli ukunyakaza okuncane nomthwalo wesikhathi eside olandelayo - ukuvala uhlelo lokudlulisela, okungukuthi i-flywheel ene-dual-mass . Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa le-clutch disc nakho kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokuncipha kwempilo ye-dual-mass flywheel. I-clutch ishisa ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi uma udonsa inqola noma enye imoto, ushayela ungekho emgwaqeni, njll. I-clutch izozivula ngokwayo noma ngabe injini yephukile. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukushisa okukhazimulayo okuvela ku-clutch disc kuholela ekushiseni ngokweqile kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene ze-flywheel (ikakhulukazi uma kuwukuvuza kwe-lubricant), okuphinde kuthinte kabi impilo yesevisi.

Ukulungisa - ukushintshwa kwe-dual-mass flywheel futhi kufakwe esikhundleni se-flywheel evamile

Ayikho into efana nokulungisa i-flywheel eguge kakhulu. Ukulungisa kuhilela ukufaka esikhundleni se-flywheel kanye ne-clutch assembly (i-lamellae, i-compression spring, ama-bearings). Ukulungisa konke kunzima kakhulu (cishe amahora angu-8-10), lapho kudingekile ukudiliza i-gearbox, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nenjini. Yiqiniso, akufanele sikhohlwe ngezezimali, lapho ama-flywheels ashibhile athengiswa cishe ngama-euro angu-400, abiza kakhulu - ama-euro angaphezu kuka-2000. Kungani ushintsha i-clutch disc esesimweni esihle? Kodwa ngenxa nje yokuthi lapho kuseviswa i-clutch disc, kuyindaba yesikhathi kuphela ngaphambi kokuba ihambe, futhi le nqubo edla isikhathi, ebiza izikhathi eziningana kune-clutch disc, kuzodingeka iphindwe. Uma ushintsha i-flywheel, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubona ukuthi ingabe ikhona yini inguqulo eyinkimbinkimbi engakwazi ukuphatha amamayela engeziwe - esekelwe futhi egunyazwe umenzi wemoto, kunjalo.

Imvamisa ungathola imininingwane ngokufaka esikhundleni se-flywheel enesisindo ezimbili nge-classic eyodwa, lapho kusetshenziswa khona i-lamellas ene-tampion damper. Njengoba sekushiwo ezihlokweni ezedlule, i-flywheel enesisindo esingabili, ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yayo elula, futhi yenza umsebenzi we-torsional vibration damper, othinta kabi isimo sezingxenye ezihambayo zenjini (crankshaft) noma u-gearbox. Ngokwezinga elithile, ukuncipha kokudlidliza nakho kungasuswa yipuleti uqobo lwayo, kepha akukwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokusebenza okufana nefwathi yesisindo esinamandla amakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi. Futhi, ukube bekulula kangako, ngabe kudala kwenziwa ngabakhiqizi bezimoto nabanikazi babo bezezimali, abasebenza njalo ukunciphisa izindleko. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile akunconyelwa ukufaka iflwheel yesisindo esisodwa esikhundleni sombhangqwana wesisindo osindayo.

Ungakubukeli phansi ukushintsha iflwhewele eligugile

Akunconywa ngokuqinile ukuthi kuhlehliswe ukushintshwa kwe-flywheel efakwe ngokweqile. Ngaphezu kokubonakaliswa okungenhla, kukhona ingozi yokukhulula (ukuhlukaniswa) kwanoma iyiphi ingxenye ye-flywheel. Ngaphezu kokucekela phansi i-flywheel uqobo, injini noma ukuhanjiswa nakho kungalimala kubulale. Ukugqokwa kwama-flywheel okweqile nakho kuthinta ukusebenza okulungile kwenzwa yejubane lenjini. Njengoba izakhi zasentwasahlobo ziguga kancane kancane, izingxenye zombili ze-flywheel ziphambuka kakhulu zize ziwele ngaphandle kokubekezelelana okusethwe kuyunithi yokulawula. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kuholela kumyalezo wephutha, futhi kwesinye isikhathi, ngokuphambene nalokho, iyunithi yokulawula izama ukuvumelanisa nokulawula injini ngokuya ngemininingwane engalungile. Lokhu kuholela ekusebenzeni kabi futhi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izinkinga zokuqala. Le nkinga ivame kakhulu ezinjinini ezindala lapho inzwa ye-crankshaft ithola ukunyakaza ohlangothini lokukhipha kwe-flywheel ye-dual-mass. Abenzi bayiqedile le nkinga ngokushintsha ukufakwa kwenzwa, ngakho-ke ezinjinini ezintsha ithola isivinini se-crankshaft esikhaleni se-flywheel.