BMW 5 series e34 izinjini
Okuqukethwe
Izimoto zochungechunge lwe-BMW 5 emzimbeni we-E 34 zaqala ukukhiqizwa kusukela ngoJanuwari 1988. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemodeli kwaqala ngo-1981. Kuthathe iminyaka emine ukukhetha okucacisiwe komklamo nokuthuthukisa uchungechunge.
Imodeli imele isizukulwane sesithathu sochungechunge. Ithathe isikhundla somzimba we-E 28. Emotweni entsha, abathuthukisi bakwazile ukuhlanganisa izici zesici zomkhiqizo kanye nobuchwepheshe besimanje.
Ngo-1992, imodeli yashintshwa kabusha. Izinguquko ezinkulu zathinta amayunithi kagesi - izinjini zikaphethiloli nezinjini zikadizili zathathelwa indawo ukufakwa kwesimanjemanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaklami bashintsha i-grille endala bafaka ebanzi.
Umzimba we-sedan uyekwa ngo-1995. Inqola yesiteshi yahlanganiswa ngomunye unyaka - kwaze kwaba ngu-1996.
Amamodeli we-Powertrain
EYurophu, i-sedan yesizukulwane sesithathu yochungechunge lwesihlanu yethulwa ngokukhetha okubanzi kwama-powertrains:
| Injini | Imodeli yemoto | Ivolumu, ama-cubic metres cm. | Amandla amakhulu, l. Nge. | Uhlobo lwamafutha | Middle ukusetshenziswa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-M40V18 | I-518i | 1796 | 113 | I-petroli | 8,7 |
| I-M20V20 | I-520i | 1990 | 129 | I-petroli | 10,3 |
| I-M50V20 | I-520i | 1991 | 150 | I-petroli | 10,5 |
| i-M21D24 | awu 524t | 2443 | 115 | Injini ye-diesel | 7,1 |
| I-M20V25 | I-525i | 2494 | 170 | I-petroli | 9,3 |
| I-M50V25 | 525i/iX | 2494 | 192 | I-petroli | 10,7 |
| i-M51D25 | 525td/tds | 2497 | 143 | Injini ye-diesel | 8,0 |
| I-M30V30 | I-530i | 2986 | 188 | I-petroli | 11,1 |
| I-M60V30 | I-530i | 2997 | 218 | I-petroli | 10,5 |
| I-M30V35 | I-535i | 3430 | 211 | I-petroli | 11,5 |
| I-M60V40 | I-540i | 3982 | 286 | I-petroli | 15,6 |
Cabangela izinjini ezidume kakhulu.
I-M40V18
Injini yokuqala kaphethiloli engu-4-cylinder yomndeni wakwa-M 40. Baqala ukuqedela izimoto kusukela ngo-1987 esikhundleni senjini ye-M 10 ephelelwe yisikhathi.
Iyunithi isetshenziswe kuphela kumayunithi anenkomba 18i.
Izici zokufaka:
- I-cast iron cylinder block;
- Ikhanda le-valve engu-8 eline-camshaft eyodwa;
- Ngenxa yezinxephezelo ze-hydraulic, asikho isidingo sokulungisa ama-valve;
- Isikhathi sokushayela ibhande.
Ngokusho kongoti, lolu phiko lubonakala lubuthaka kwabahlanu abaphambili. Naphezu kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okongayo kanye nokungabikho kwezinkinga ekusetshenzisweni kukawoyela okwandisiwe, abashayeli bayaqaphela ukungabikho kwe-dynamics etholakala ezimotweni zochungechunge.
Ibhande lesikhathi lidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Insiza yayo ingu-40000 km kuphela. Ibhande eliphukile liqinisekisiwe ukugoba ama-valve, ngakho-ke isimiso sokulungisa kufanele silandelwe.
Ngokusebenza ngokucophelela, impilo yenjini idlula i-300000 km.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uchungechunge olulinganiselwe lwezinjini ezinomthamo ofanayo, osebenza ngengxube yegesi, lwakhululwa. Sekukonke, amakhophi angu-298 ashiye umugqa wokuhlanganisa, afakwe kumodeli we-518 g.
I-M20V20
Injini ifakwe ku-BMW 5 series izimoto ezine-20i index. Injini yakhiqizwa phakathi kuka-1977 no-1993. Izinjini zokuqala zazifakwe ama-carburetors, kamuva athathelwa indawo uhlelo lomjovo.
Phakathi kwabashayeli, ngenxa yesimo esithile somqoqi, injini yaqanjwa ngokuthi "spider".
Izici ezihlukile zeyunithi:
- 6-cylinder emgqeni injini;
- I-cast iron block kanye nekhanda le-aluminium lama-valve angu-12;
- Indlela yokusabalalisa igesi ene-shaft eyodwa kanye nokushayela ibhande;
Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwama-hydraulic lifters, kuyadingeka ukulungisa ama-valve ngezikhathi eziwu-15000 km.
Ukungalungi okuyinhloko kokufakwa yisistimu yokupholisa engaqediwe, enokuthambekela kokushisa ngokweqile.
Amandla 129 l. Nge. - inkomba ebuthakathaka yemoto enzima kangaka. Kodwa-ke, ilungele abathandi bohambo lokungcebeleka - ukusebenza kwimodi ethule kukuvumela ukuthi wonge kakhulu uphethiloli.
I-M50V20
Injini iyona encane eqondile-six. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial kwethulwa ngo-1991 njengokungena esikhundleni seyunithi yamandla ye-M20V20. Ukuguqulwa kuthinte ama-node alandelayo:
- Amavalvu amane kusilinda esikhundleni samabili;
- Amakhamera amabili e-DOHC;
- Umshini wokushintsha izigaba wethulwa kushaft wokungenisa - VANOS;
- Isikhathi se-chain drive;
- I-Modernization yesistimu yokuthungela - yaba yi-electronic, enekhoyili ehlukile yekhandlela ngalinye.
Ubunzima obuyinhloko ekusebenzeni buhlotshaniswa nokungasebenzi kahle kwamakhoyili okuthungela kanye nama-injection, acinana lapho kusetshenziswa uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi. Cishe njalo ku-100000 kuzodingeka uguqule izimpawu ze-valve stem. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamafutha enjini kungenzeka. Abanye abanikazi babhekene nokungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lwe-VANOS, oluxazululwa ngokuthenga ikhithi yokulungisa.
Naphezu kweminyaka yayo, injini ibhekwa njengenye yethembekile kakhulu. Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, ngokuphathwa ngokucophelela, insiza ngaphambi kokulungisa ingafinyelela ku-500-600 km ayizinkulungwane.
i-M21D24
Idizili in-line yesithupha ene-turbine, eyenziwe ngesisekelo senjini kaphethiloli ye-M20. Ifaka i-aluminium overhead cam block head. Isistimu yokuphakelwa kwamandla ifakelwe ipompo yomjovo wohlobo lokusabalalisa owenziwe ngabakwa-Bosch. Ukulawula umjovo, kuneyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi i-ME.
Ngokuvamile, iyunithi ibhekwa njengokwethenjelwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga ekusebenzeni. Naphezu kwalokhu, injini yayingathandwa ngabanikazi, ngenxa yamandla ayo aphansi.
I-M20V25
Uphethiloli oqondile-sithupha onesistimu yamandla omjovo. Iwukuguqulwa kwenjini ye-M20V20. Ifakwe ezimotweni zochungechunge olu-5 i-BMW 525i ngemuva kwe-E 34. Izici zeyunithi:
- Kubuyekeziwe uhlelo lomjovo we-Bosh Motronic;
- Ububanzi be-cylinder bukhuphuke ukusuka ku-80 kuya ku-84 mm;
- I-Crankshaft ene-stroke eyanda (75 mm esikhundleni sika-66);
- Izinduku zokuxhuma ezinwetshiwe - kusuka ku-130 kuya ku-135 mm;
- Ukushayela ibhande lesikhathi nensiza engu-50000 km.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zenjini ziwumthombo omuhle kanye namandla amahle kakhulu. Isikhathi sokusheshisa siye ku-100 km/h yimizuzwana engu-9,5.
Njengamanye amamodeli omndeni, injini inezinkinga ngesistimu yokupholisa. Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle, kulula kakhulu ukushisa injini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-200-250, ikhanda le-cylinder kuzodingeka lishintshwe, ngenxa yokugqoka kwemibhede ye-camshaft.
I-M50V25
Ummeleli womndeni omusha, owathatha indawo yemodeli yangaphambilini. Izinguquko eziyinhloko zithinta ikhanda lebhulokhi - lithathelwe indawo yesimanjemanje, enama-camshaft amabili ama-valve angu-24. Ukwengeza, uhlelo lwe-VANOS lwethulwa futhi kwafakwa nezinto zokuphakamisa amanzi. Ezinye izinguquko:
- Isikhathi se-chain drive;
- Itorque yokusebenza elungiselelwe kanye nomsindo wenjini;
- Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha kanye nokunciphisa ubuthi;
- Kwenziwa uhlelo lokuthungela ngogesi;
- I-Bosch Motronic 3.1 iyunithi yokulawula.
Iyunithi izuze njengefa izinkinga nobunzima ekusebenzeni kowandulelayo.
i-M51D25
Ukuguqulwa kweyunithi ye-diesel. Umanduleli wamukelwa abashayeli ngaphandle kwentshiseko enkulu - izikhalazo eziyinhloko ziphathelene namandla aphansi. Inguqulo entsha inamandla futhi inamandla kakhulu - lesi sibalo sifinyelela ku-143 hp. Nge.
Injini iyi-in-line yesithupha enohlelo lwamasilinda emgqeni. I-cylinder block yenziwe ngensimbi ekhonjiwe, futhi ikhanda layo lenziwe nge-aluminium. Izinguquko eziyinhloko zihlobene nesistimu ye-gas recirculation kanye ne-algorithm yokusebenza kwepompo ye-fuel-pressure.
I-M30V30
Injini ifakwe ku-BMW 5 series izimoto ezine-30i index. Lo mugqa uthathwa njengophumelele kakhulu emlandweni wokukhathazeka. Injini ingu-6-cylinder in-line unit enamandla angu-3 litre.
Isici esihlukile indlela yokusabalalisa igesi ene-shaft eyodwa. Umklamo walo awuzange ushintshe phakathi nesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwemoto - kusukela ngo-1971 kuya ku-1994.
Phakathi kwabashayeli, waziwa ngokuthi "i-big six".
Izinkinga azihlukile kumfowabo omkhulu womugqa - M30V35.
I-M30V35
I-inline-six yevolumu enkulu kaphethiloli, efakwe ezimotweni zakwaBMW ezine-35i index.
Kusuka kumfowethu omdala - M30V30 injini ihlukaniswa ukushaywa kwe-piston okwandisiwe kanye nobubanzi be-cylinder. Indlela yokusabalalisa igesi ifakwe shaft eyodwa yama-valve angu-12 - 2 ku-cylinder ngayinye.
Izinkinga eziyinhloko zezinjini zihlobene nokushisa ngokweqile. Lesi yisifo esivamile samayunithi angu-6-cylinder avela kumkhiqizi waseJalimane. Ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokungazelelwe kungaholela ekwephuleni kwendiza yekhanda le-cylinder, kanye nokwakhiwa kwemifantu ku-block.
Naphezu kokuthi le yunithi yamandla ibhekwa njengengasebenzi, abashayeli abaningi bakhetha ukusebenzisa le modeli ethile. Isizathu sokuzikhethela kulula ukugcinwa, impilo enhle yesevisi kanye nokungabikho kwanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezikhethekile.
M60V40/V30
Ummeleli okhanyayo wamayunithi anamandla aphezulu wakhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1992 kuya ku-1998. Uthathe indawo ye-M30B35 njengesixhumi esiphakathi kwezinjini eziyisi-inline nezinkulu ze-V12.
Injini ingu-8-cylinder futhi ihlelwe ngamasilinda amise okuka-V. Izici ezihlukile:
- 90º camber aluminium block;
- I-Nikasil liners kanye ne-crankshaft eyenziwe ngomgunyathi;
- Isikhathi ngama-camshaft amabili kanye ne-chain drive;
- Amakhoyili okuthungela ngamanye;
- I-Bosch Motronic 3.3 uhlelo lokuphatha injini.
I-M60V40
Abanikazi be-M60B40 baqaphela izinga elengeziwe lokudlidliza lapho bengenzi lutho. Inkinga ngokuvamile ixazululwa ngokulungisa isikhathi se-valve. Futhi, ngeke kube okungadingekile ukuhlola i-valve yegesi, i-lambda, futhi ulinganise ukucindezelwa kumasilinda. Injini izwela kakhulu izinga likaphethiloli. Ukusebenza kuphethiloli omubi kuholela ekugugeni ngokushesha kwe-nikasil.
Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, ukuphila injini unit 350-400 ayizinkulungwane km.
Ngo-1992, ngesisekelo le injini, njengoba esikhundleni M30V30, inguqulo compact more eziyisishiyagalombili V-emise - M60V30 yasungulwa. Izinguquko eziyinhloko zathinta i-KShM - i-crankshaft yashintshwa yaba yi-short-stroke, futhi ububanzi be-cylinder bancishiswa ukusuka ku-89 kuya ku-84 mm. Ukusatshalaliswa kwegesi kanye nezinhlelo zokuthungela akuzange kushintshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-electronic control unit yahlala ifana.
Lolu phiko luphinde lwamukela ukushiyeka ekusebenzeni kowayendulele.
Iyiphi injini ongayikhetha?
Njengoba sesibonile, ku-BMW E 34 kwafakwa izinjini ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ku-1,8 kuya ku-4 amalitha.
Izinjini zochungechunge lwe-M 50 zithole ukubuyekezwa okuhle kakhulu phakathi kwabashayeli bezimoto ezifuywayo. Ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli wekhwalithi ephezulu nokuhambisana nemithethonqubo yokugcinwa, iyunithi izenzele njengenjini ethembekile ngaphandle kwezinkinga ekusebenzeni.
Naphezu kokuthembeka okuphezulu kwama-motor ochungechungeni, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi iminyaka yeyunithi encane idlula iminyaka engu-20. Lapho ukhetha imoto, kufanele ucabangele izinkinga zeminyaka yenjini, kanye nezimo zesevisi nokusebenza.
