Injini emotweni. Ukunaka. Lesi simo singalimaza iyunithi yamandla

I-LSPI phenomenon ingumqondo omusha embonini yezimoto. Lokhu kuphuma ekushiseni okuqinile, imboni yezimoto egcine ikwazile ukubhekana nakho nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezinokuvutha kwenhlansi. Okuxakayo ukuthi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe, futhi ikakhulukazi ukuncishiswa kosayizi, kuye kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi ukushiswa kwe-detonation kubuyele esimweni esiyingozi kakhulu se-LSPI (Low-Speed ​​​​Pre-Ignition), okuhunyushwa ngokukhululekile. , kusho ukuthungela ngaphambili emazingeni okushisa aphansi.

Khumbula ukuthi kuyini ukushiswa kwe-detonation enjini yokuthungela inhlansi.

Ngenqubo yomlilo efanele, ngaphambi nje kokuphela kokucindezela kokucindezela (isikhathi sokushisa), ingxube ye-fuel-air ithungelwa ku-spark plug futhi ilangabi lisakazeka kulo lonke igumbi elivuthayo ngesivinini esingaguquki esingaba ngu-30-60 RS. I-exhaust gas ikhiqizwa okwenza ukuthi umfutho we-cylinder ukhuphuke ufinyelele ngaphezu kuka-60 kgf/cm2, okubangela ukuthi i-piston ihlehle emuva.

I-LSPI. ukuvutha kwe-detonation

Ekushiseni okungqongqozayo, inhlansi ithungela ingxube eduze kwe-spark plug, ecindezela ngesikhathi esifanayo ingxube esele. Ukwanda kokucindezela kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kubangela ukuzithungela nokuvutha ngokushesha kwengxube ekugcineni okuphambene kwekamelo. Lokhu ukusabela kweketango lokuqhunyiswa, ngenxa yalokho ijubane elivuthayo likhuphuka kakhulu, lidlula i-1000 m / s. Lokhu kubangela ukungqongqoza kwesici, ngezinye izikhathi ukukhala kwensimbi. Inqubo engenhla inomphumela ophawulekayo oshisayo kanye nomshini kuma-pistons, ama-valve, izinduku zokuxhuma nezinye izakhi. Ekugcineni, ukuziba ukusha kwe-detonation kuholela esidingweni sokukhanda injini eyinhloko.

Kakade eminyakeni yama-XNUMX, onjiniyela babhekane nalesi simo esiyingozi ngokufaka inzwa yokugoqa i-piezoelectric. Ngenxa yakhe, ikhompyutha yokulawula iyakwazi ukubona lesi simo esiyingozi futhi ilungise isikhathi sokuthungela ngesikhathi sangempela, okuvame ukuqeda le nkinga.

Namuhla, nokho, ukwenzeka kokuvutha okungqongqozayo kubuya ngendlela eyingozi kakhulu yokuvutha kwangaphambili ngesivinini esiphansi senjini.

Ake sihlaziye ukuthi intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ibangele kanjani ukubuya kwezinsongo ezaziwa kakhulu nezicishe zalibaleka embonini yezimoto.

I-LSPI. Ukuncishiswa

Kanye nezidingo zemvelo ezibekwe izikhungo zamazwe ngamazwe, abakhiqizi bezimoto baqala ukunciphisa amandla ezinjini zokuthungela i-spark futhi basebenzise kabanzi i-turbocharging. Ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kanye nokusha kwehlile, amandla kanye ne-torque ngamandla ehhashi kuye kwanda, futhi isiko lokusebenza lisalokhu linelisa. Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, njengoba isibonelo sezinjini zokuqala zakwaFord sibonisa, ukuqina kwezinjini ezincane nakho kushiya okuningi. Kubonakala sengathi kunamaphutha amaningi esixazululweni.

Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwezinye izimo zezinjini ezivela kubakhiqizi abahlukene, kwaqala ukuvela amaphutha angavamile, ama-piston amakhulu - izindandatho ezilimele, amashalofu aphukile, noma ngisho nokuqhekeka kulo lonke i-piston. Inkinga, ngenxa yokungahambi kahle kwayo, kubonakale kunzima ukuyixilonga. Okuwukuphela kophawu umshayeli angalubona ukungqongqoza okungajabulisi, okungalingani, okunomsindo okuvela ngaphansi kwe-hood okwenzeka kuphela lapho engenzi lutho. Abakhiqizi bezimoto basahlaziya inkinga, kodwa sesivele sazi ukuthi kunezici ezimbalwa ngemuva kokwenzeka kwe-LSPI.

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Njengokushiswa komshini kwakudala, uphethiloli onesilinganiso se-octane esiphansi kunalokho esinconywe umenzi kungaba esinye sezimbangela. Isici sesibili esinomthelela ekushiseni kwangaphambili ukunqwabelana komsizi ekamelweni elivuthayo. Umfutho ophezulu kanye nezinga lokushisa kusilinda kubangela ukuthi amadiphozithi ekhabhoni akhele ngokuzenzakalelayo. Enye, mhlawumbe into ebaluleke kakhulu yisimo sokugeza ifilimu yamafutha ezindongeni ze-cylinder. Njengomphumela wokujova uphethiloli oqondile, inkungu kaphethiloli eyakhiwe kusilinda ibangela ifilimu kawoyela ukuthi iminyene kumqhele wepiston. Ngesikhathi sokucindezela, ukucindezela okuphezulu nezinga lokushisa kungabangela ukuzithungela okungalawuleki ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kukhiqizwe inhlansi yokuthungela. Inqubo, enobudlova ngokwayo, ithuthukiswa nakakhulu ngokuvutha okufanele (inhlansi phezulu kwe-cylinder), okwandisa ukucindezela nobudlova bento yonke.

Ngemva kokuqonda uhlobo lwenqubo, umbuzo uphakama, ingabe kungenzeka yini ukumelana ngokuphumelelayo ne-LSPI ezinjini zanamuhla, ezincane, nezinamandla?

I-LSPI. Indlela yokumelana?

Okokuqala, landela izincomo zomkhiqizi ngenombolo encane ye-octane kaphethiloli oyisebenzisayo. Uma umenzi encoma uphethiloli we-octane engu-98, kufanele usetshenziswe. Ukonga okubonakalayo kuzokhokha ngokushesha ngesidingo sokulungiswa kabusha ngokushesha ngemuva kochungechunge lokuqala lokushiswa kwangaphambili. Gcwalisa uphethiloli eziteshini ezithile kuphela. Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wemvelaphi engaziwa kwandisa ingozi yokuthi uphethiloli ngeke ulondoloze isilinganiso se-octane esihlosiwe.

Enye into izinguquko ezivamile zamafutha, ngesikhawu esingekho ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-10-15. amakhilomitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi bakawoyela sebevele beyishintshile imikhiqizo yabo emzamweni wokulwa nokwenzeka kwe-LSPI. Kunowoyela emakethe athembisa ukulwisana nesimo sangaphambi kokuthungela ngokusho kwemininingwane. Ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri, kwatholakala ukuthi ukukhishwa kwezinhlayiya ze-calcium emafutheni kunomthelela kulokhu. Ukuyishintsha kufakwe amanye amakhemikhali empeleni kunciphise ingozi yale nkinga. Ngakho-ke, uma unenjini yamandla aphansi ehhashi, uwoyela we-anti-LSPI kufanele usetshenziswe ngenkathi kugcinwa imininingwane ye-SAE ne-API ecaciswe umkhiqizi wemoto.

Njengazo zonke izindatshana ochungechungeni “lwezeluleko zemoto,” ngizophetha ngesitatimende - ukuvikela kungcono kunokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, ukuba injini enamandla encane, unake ngokukhethekile, Reader othandekayo, uphethiloli, uwoyela kanye isikhawu yayo esikhundleni.

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