Injini ye-TSI - izinzuzo nezinkinga

Kaningi ubona izimoto ezinebheji le-TSI emgwaqweni uzibuze ukuthi kusho ukuthini lokhu? Ngemuva kwalokho le ndatshana ingeyakho, sizobheka izisekelo zesakhiwo. Injini ye-TSI, ukusebenza kwesimiso senjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, Ubuhle nobubi.

Incazelo yalezi zifinyezo:

Ngokumangazayo, i-TSI ekuqaleni yayimele i-Twincharged Stratified Injection. Umbhalo olandelayo ubukeke ngokuhluka kancane ngomjovo weTurbo Stratified, i.e. isixhumanisi senani lama-compressors sisusiwe egameni.

tsi injini

Iyini injini ye-TSI

I-TSI intuthuko yesimanje evele ngokuqiniswa kwamazinga emvelo ezimotweni. Isici senjini enjalo ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphansi, amalitha amancane enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi nokusebenza okuphezulu. Le nhlanganisela itholakala ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-dual turbocharging kanye nomjovo kaphethiloli oqondile kumasilinda enjini.

I-Twin turbocharging ihlinzekwa ukusebenza okuhlanganisiwe kwe-compressor engumshini kanye ne-turbine yakudala. Izinjini ezinjalo zifakwe kwezinye izinhlobo zeSkoda, Seat, Audi, Volkswagen nezinye izinhlobo.

Umlando wamamotho we-TSI

Ukwakhiwa kwenjini yomjovo oqondile we-twin-turbocharged kusukela engxenyeni yokuqala yawo-2000s. Inguqulo esebenza ngokugcwele yangena ochungechungeni ngo-2005. Lo mzila wezinjini wathola isibuyekezo esibalulekile kuphela ngo-2013, okubonisa impumelelo yentuthuko.

Uma sikhuluma ngenjini yesimanje ye-TSI, lesi sifinyezo ekuqaleni sasisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela enjinini ene-turbocharged enomjovo oqondile (i-Twincharged Stratified Injection). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, leli gama lanikezwa amayunithi amandla ngedivayisi ehlukile. Ngakho-ke namuhla, i-TSI iphinde isho iyunithi ene-turbocharged (i-turbine eyodwa) enomjovo kaphethiloli we-layer-by-layer (Injection ye-Turbo Stratified).

Izici zedivayisi nokusebenza kwe-TSI

Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, kunezinguquko eziningana ze-TSI motors, ngakho-ke, sizocabangela ukuhluka kwedivayisi kanye nesimiso sokusebenza sisebenzisa isibonelo senye yezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezithandwayo. Ku-1.4 amalitha iyunithi enjalo ikwazi ukuthuthukisa amandla afinyelela ku-125 kW (amandla acishe abe ngu-170) kanye ne-torque efinyelela ku-249 Nm (etholakala ku-1750-5000 rpm). Ngezinkomba ezinjalo ezinhle kakhulu ngekhulu, kuye ngokuthi umthwalo wemoto ungakanani, injini idla amalitha angu-7.2 kaphethiloli.

Lolu hlobo lwenjini luyisizukulwane esilandelayo sezinjini ze-FSI (ziphinde zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bomjovo oqondile). Uphethiloli uphonswa iphampu ye-fuel-pressure fuel (uphethiloli uhlinzekwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ye-atmospheres engu-150) ngokusebenzisa ama-injection, i-atomizer etholakala ngqo ku-cylinder ngayinye.

Ngokuya ngemodi yokusebenza oyifunayo yeyunithi, ingxube ye-fuel-air yamadigri ahlukahlukene wokucebisa iyalungiswa. Le nqubo igadwa iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi. Uma injini ibambezela kufika kunani elimaphakathi le-rpm. Kuhlinzekwa umjovo kaphethiloli oyi-stratified.

Uphethiloli uphonswa kumasilinda ekupheleni kokucindezela kokucindezela, okwandisa isilinganiso sokucindezela, nakuba i-powertrain isebenzisa ama-air blower amabili. Njengoba umklamo onjalo wemoto unomthamo omkhulu womoya owedlulele, usebenza njengesivikeli sokushisa.

Lapho injini isebenza kahle, uphethiloli ujovwa kumasilinda lapho kushaywa unhlangothi. Ngenxa yalokho, ingxube yomoya/yephethiloli isha kangcono ngenxa yokwakheka kwengxube elinganayo.

Lapho umshayeli ecindezela i-gas pedal, i-valve ye-throttle ivula kuze kube seqophelweni eliphezulu, okuholela ekuhlanganiseni okuncane. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani lomoya alidluli umthamo omkhulu wokushiswa kukaphethiloli, kule modi, kuze kufike kumaphesenti angama-25 amagesi okukhipha umoya anikezwa ku-multifold intake. Uphethiloli nawo uyajovwa ngesikhathi sokudla.

Ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-turbocharger amabili ahlukene, izinjini ze-TSI zinikeza ukudonsa okuhle kakhulu ngesivinini esihlukile. I-torque ephezulu ngesivinini esiphansi inikezwa i-supercharger engumshini (i-thrust ikhona ebangeni ukusuka ku-200 kuye ku-2500 rpm). Lapho i-crankshaft iphenduka ifinyelela ku-2500 rpm, amagesi e-exhaust aqala ukuzungezisa i-impeller ye-turbine, okwandisa umfutho womoya endaweni eningi yokuyithatha ibe yi-atmospheres engu-2.5. Lo mklamo wenza kube nokwenzeka ukususa ama-turbocharges ngesikhathi sokusheshisa.

Ukuthandwa kwezinjini ze-TSI ze-1.2, 1.4, 1.8

Izinjini ze-TSI zithole ukuthandwa kwazo ngezinzuzo eziningi ezingenakuphikwa. Okokuqala, ngevolumu encane, ukusetshenziswa kwehlile, ngenkathi lezi zimoto zingalahlekelwa amandla, kusukela lawa ma-motors afakwe i-mechanical compressor kanye ne-turbocharger (turbine). Enjinini ye-TSI, ubuchwepheshe bomjovo oqondile busetshenziswe, obuqinisekisa ukushisa okungcono kakhulu nokucindezela okukhulayo, ngisho namanje lapho ingxube iba "phansi" (i-revs kuze kufike ku-~ 3 XNUMX) i-compressor iyasebenza, futhi phezulu i-compressor iyasebenza. ayisasebenzi kahle ngakho-ke i-turbine iyaqhubeka nokusekela i-torque. Lobu buchwepheshe besakhiwo bugwema lokho okubizwa nge-turbo-lag effect.

Okwesibili, imoto seyinciphile, ngakho-ke isisindo sayo sehlile, kwathi ngemuva kwayo isisindo semoto naso sehla. Futhi, lezi zinjini zinamaphesenti aphansi okukhishwa kwe-CO2 emkhathini. Ama-motors amancane anokulahleka okuncane kokungqubuzana, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu.

Ukufingqa, singasho ukuthi injini ye-TSI ukusetshenziswa okuncishisiwe ngokufezeka kwamandla amakhulu.

Isakhiwo esejwayelekile sichaziwe, manje ake siqhubekele ekuguqulweni okuthile.

Injini engu-1.2 TSI

Injini engu-1.2 litre TSI

Naphezu kwevolumu, injini inamandla anele, uma kuqhathaniswa, uma sicabanga ngochungechunge lweGalofu, i-1.2 ene-turbocharging idlula ama-atmospheres ayi-1.6. Ebusika, ifudumala isikhathi eside, kunjalo, kepha uma uqala ukushayela, ifudumala ngokushesha kakhulu ekushiseni okusebenzayo. Ngokuphathelene nokwethenjelwa nezinsizakusebenza, kunezimo ezahlukahlukene. Kwabanye, le moto ihamba ngama-61 km. nakho konke okungenaphutha, kepha omunye unama-000 km. ama-valve asevele aphela, kodwa kunalokho okwehlukile kunomthetho, ngoba ama-turbines afakwa ngomfutho ophansi futhi awunawo umthelela omkhulu kuzinsiza zenjini.

Injini 1.4 TSI (1.8)

Injini engu-1.4 litre TSI

Ngokuvamile, lezi zinjini ziyehluka kancane ngezinzuzo kanye nebubi kusukela injini 1.2. Okuwukuphela kokwengeza ukuthi zonke lezi zinjini zisebenzisa uchungechunge lwezikhathi, olungakhuphula kancane izindleko zokusebenza nokulungisa. Okunye okungalungile kwamamotho ane-timing chain ukuthi akukhuthazwa ukuthi ayishiye egiyeni ngesikhathi isendaweni eyehlelayo, ngoba lokhu kungenza ukuthi iketango ligxume.

Injini engu-2.0 TSI

Ezinjini ezimbili zamalitha, kunenkinga efana nokwelula amaketanga (ejwayelekile kuwo wonke ama-TSIs, kepha kaningi kulokhu kuguqulwa). Iketanga livame ukuguqulwa ngamamayela ayizinkulungwane ezingama-60-100, kepha lidinga ukubhekwa, ukwelula okubucayi kungenzeka ngaphambili.

Sikulethela ividiyo mayelana nezinjini ze-TSI

Isimiso sokusebenza senjini engu-1,4 TSI

Izinzuzo nezingozi nebubi

Yiqiniso, lo mklamo awukona nje ukukhokhela izindinganiso zemvelo. Injini ye-TSI inezinzuzo eziningi. Lezi zinjini zihlukile:

1. Ukusebenza okuphezulu naphezu kwamavolumu amancane;
2. Ukudonsa okuhlaba umxhwele (kwezinjini zikaphethiloli) kakade kusezingeni eliphansi neliphakathi;
3. Umnotho omuhle kakhulu;
4. Amathuba okuphoqa nokushuna;
5. Inkomba ephezulu yobungane bemvelo.

Ngaphandle kwalezi zinzuzo ezisobala, amamotho anjalo (ikakhulukazi amamodeli we-EA111 kanye ne-EA888 Gen2) anenombolo yokubi okubalulekile. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kukawoyela (ngokunembile, ithuthukisa insiza yayo ngokushesha ngenxa yokusebenza kwe-turbine emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu).
• Ngenxa ye-torque ephezulu, uchungechunge lwezikhathi lunwebeka ngokushesha, futhi kwezinye izimo luvele luphule.
• Uphethiloli kufanele ube wekhwalithi engcono kakhulu (ama-injection asebenza kwimodi egqinsiwe - ingxenye encane kaphethiloli ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili noma ezintathu, okufanayo kungashiwo ngekhwalithi yamafutha).
• Ngenxa yokusebenza kwe-supercharger engumshini, injini izofudumala kancane.

Ukungasebenzi kahle okukhulu

Ikhanda langempela lezinjini ze-TSI wuchungechunge lwesikhathi olunwetshiwe noma oludabukile. njengoba sekushiwo, le nkinga iwumphumela wetorque ephezulu ku-crankshaft rpm ephansi. Kulezi zinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, kunconywa ukuthi uhlole ukungezwani kweketanga njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50-70.

Ngaphezu kweketango ngokwalo, kokubili i-damper kanye ne-chain tensioner ihlushwa i-torque ephezulu nomthwalo osindayo. Ngisho noma ikhefu lesifunda livinjelwa ngesikhathi, inqubo yokuyibuyisela ibiza kakhulu. Kodwa uma kwenzeka ikhefu lesifunda, i-motor kuzodingeka ilungiswe futhi ilungiswe, okubandakanya izindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo nakakhulu.

Ngenxa yokushisisa kwe-turbine, umoya oshisayo usuvele ungena endaweni eningi ewuthathayo. Futhi, ngenxa yokusebenza kwesistimu yokukhipha igesi yokukhipha kabusha, izinhlayiya zikaphethiloli ongashiswanga noma inkungu kawoyela zingena ekungeneni okuningi. Lokhu kuholela ku-carbonization ye-throttle valve, izindandatho ze-oil scraper kanye nama-valve okungenisa.

Ukuze injini ihlale isesimweni esihle, umnikazi wemoto kufanele alandele imithetho yokushintsha uwoyela athenge nezinto zokugcoba ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela ezinjinini ezine-turbocharged kuwumphumela wemvelo odalwe yi-red-hot turbine, umklamo okhethekile wepiston kanye ne-torque ephezulu.

Ukuze injini isebenze kahle, kunconywa ukusebenzisa uphethiloli ngesilinganiso se-octane okungenani esingu-95 njengophethiloli (inzwa yokugoqa ngeke isebenze). Esinye isici se-twin turbo injini ukufudumala kancane, nakuba lokhu kuyisimo sayo semvelo, hhayi ukuwohloka. Isizathu siwukuthi injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ishisa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza, okudinga uhlelo lokupholisa oluyinkimbinkimbi. Futhi ivimbela injini ekufinyeleleni izinga lokushisa lokusebenza ngokushesha.

Ezinye zezinkinga ezisohlwini zisusiwe esizukulwaneni sesithathu se-TSI EA211, EA888 GEN3 motors. Okokuqala, lokhu kuthinte inqubo yokushintsha uchungechunge lwezikhathi. Naphezu kwensiza yangaphambilini (kusuka kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-50 kuya ku-70), esikhundleni se-chain kube lula futhi kushibhile. Ngokunembayo, iketango ekuguqulweni okunjalo lithathelwa indawo ibhande.

Izincomo zokusetshenziswa

Iningi lezincomo zokulungiswa kwenjini ye-TSI ziyefana nezama-powertrains akudala:

• Sebenzisa izinto zokugcoba ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezinto ezisetshenziswayo;
• Ukulungiswa ngesikhathi;
• Gada isimo sochungechunge lwesikhathi (noma ibhande, njengasendabeni yesizukulwane sesithathu sezinjini zama-turbo amabili) kanye ne-tensioner yayo;
• Gcwalisa uphethiloli wezinga eliphezulu;
• Sebenzisa ukugibela ezemidlalo kancane kancane;
• Ungazami ukuthatha ngokushesha isivinini ezingxenyeni ezimfushane zomgwaqo, ukhuphule i-torque ibe umkhawulo kuma-revs aphansi.

Uma ukufudumala okude kwenjini kuyacasula, khona-ke ukusheshisa le nqubo, ungathenga i-pre-heater. Lo mshini usebenza ikakhulukazi kulabo abavame ukusebenzisa imoto ohambweni olufushane, futhi ubusika esifundeni bude futhi bubanda.

Thenga imoto nge-TSI noma cha?

Uma umshayeli efuna imoto yokushayela eguquguqukayo enenjini ephezulu futhi esetshenziswa kancane, khona-ke udinga imoto enenjini ye-TSI. Imoto enjalo ine-dynamics enhle kakhulu, izonikeza imizwa eminingi eyakhayo yokushayela ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo ezishiwo ngenhla, iyunithi yamandla enjalo ayisebenzisi uphethiloli ngesivinini sokukhanya, njengoba itholakala ezinjinini eziningi ezinamandla ezinomklamo wakudala.

Ukuthi uzoyithenga noma cha imoto nge-TSI kuncike ekuzimiseleni komnikazi wemoto ukukhokhela izinto eziguquguqukayo ezihloniphekile esebenzisa kancane igesi. Okokuqala, udinga ukuba alungele ukulungiswa okumba eqolo (okungafinyeleleki ezindaweni eziningi ngenxa yokuntuleka kochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe).

Ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezinkulu, udinga ukulandela imithetho emithathu elula:

1. Yenza ukulungiswa okuhleliwe ngesikhathi;
2. Shintsha amafutha njalo, usebenzisa inketho enconywe umenzi;
3. Faka amafutha emotweni eziteshini zikaphethiloli ezigunyaziwe, futhi ungasebenzisi uphethiloli we-octane ephansi.

isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, uma sikhuluma ngesizukulwane sokuqala se-TSI motors, babe namaphutha amaningi, naphezu kwezinkomba ezimangalisayo zomnotho nokusebenza. Esizukulwaneni sesibili, ukushiyeka okuthile kwaqedwa, futhi ngokukhululwa kwesizukulwane sesithathu samayunithi wamandla, kwaba shibhile ukuwasebenzisa. Njengoba onjiniyela benza izinhlelo ezintsha, kunethuba lokuthi inkinga yokusetshenziswa kakhulu kukawoyela kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kweyunithi ebalulekile izoqedwa.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Kusho ukuthini ukusayinda kwe-TSI? I-TSI - I-Turbo Statified Injection. Lena injini ene-turbocharged lapho uphethiloli ufuthwa khona ngqo kumasilinda. Le yunithi iwukuguqulwa kwe-FSI ehlobene (ayikho i-turbocharging kuyo).

В umehluko phakathi kwe-TSI ne-TFSI? Ngaphambili, izifinyezo ezinjalo zazisetshenziselwa ukuqoka izinjini ngomjovo oqondile, kuphela i-TFSI yaba ukuguqulwa okuphoqelekile kokuqala. Namuhla, izinjini ezine-turbocharger zingachazwa.

Yini engalungile ngenjini ye-TSI? Isixhumanisi esibuthakathaka semoto enjalo yi-timing mechanism drive. Umkhiqizi uxazulule le nkinga ngokufaka ibhande elinamazinyo esikhundleni seketanga, kodwa injini enjalo isadla amafutha amaningi.

Iyiphi injini engcono kune-TSI noma i-TFSI? Kuya ngezicelo zomshayeli. Uma edinga injini ekhiqizayo, kodwa kungekho frills, khona-ke i-TSI yanele, futhi uma kunesidingo seyunithi ephoqelelwe, i-TFSI iyadingeka.