Injini ye-Opel Z18XER
Okuqukethwe
Iyunithi yamandla ye-Z18XER yakhiqizwa kusukela ngo-2005 kuya ku-2010 ePlant Szentgotthard, etholakala eHungary. Injini yafakwa ezimotweni eziningi ezidumile ze-Opel ezisezingeni eliphakathi, njenge-Astra, Zafira, Insignia neVectra. Futhi, le injini, kodwa ekhiqizwa ngaphansi kwenkomba F18D4, ifakwe onobuhle European ukukhathazeka General Motors, edume kunazo zonke okuyinto "Chevrolet Cruze".
Incazelo evamile Z18XER
Eqinisweni, injini ye-Z18XER iyimodeli eguquliwe yesikhungo samandla se-A18XER, esahlelwa ngokohlelo ukuze sibe sezingeni lezemvelo elilawula okuqukethwe kwezinto eziyingozi kumagesi aphumayo, i-EURO-5. Eqinisweni, mayelana nokuklama kanye nezici zobuchwepheshe, lokhu kuyiyunithi eyodwa efanayo.
Ikhanda lesilinda lakudala elinama-valve angu-16 emgqeni-one, i-Z18XER, liphumelele eyandulela i-Z18XE ngo-2005. Iyunithi yamandla yakhiqizwa ngaphandle kwe-boost eyengeziwe. Ububanzi be-valve: 31.2 no-27.5 mm (i-inlet ne-outlet, ngokulandelana). Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuguquliwe bokulawula okuqhubekayo kokubili kwama-camshaft kufanele kube enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zale moto, uma kungenjalo ngezinkinga nge-valve yesilawuli se-solenoid solenoid, ehluleka kaningi.
Ngokungafani nezinjini ezindala ze-General Motors, i-Z18XER yasebenzisa ubude obuguquguqukayo obuningi, okwanikeza injini izinzuzo ezengeziwe: ivumela ukwandisa kakhulu amandla, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, nokunciphisa ukukhishwa okunobuthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isistimu ye-EGR ayizange isetshenziswe kule njini, okungaphezulu kokuhlanganisa kunokususa.
Indlela yokusabalalisa igesi ye-Z18XER isebenza ngokohlelo lwe-DOHC. Njengazo zonke izinjini ezifakwe uhlelo olufanayo lokusabalalisa igesi, umklamo we-Z18XER uhlanganisa ama-camshaft amabili. Ama-camshaft aqhutshwa ku-crankshaft nge-belt drive. I-Z18XER idume ngokuhlala isikhathi eside kwebhande lesikhathi, lishintshwa njalo ngemuva kuka-150 km, ngokungafani nemojula yokuthungela kanye ne-thermostat, evame ukuhluleka ngaphambi kuka-80 km.
Naphezu kokuthembeka kanye nekhwalithi enhle kakhulu yesistimu yokusabalalisa igesi, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ekuqaleni, injini ye-Z18XER iqala ukwenza imisindo engajwayelekile ekhumbuza "i-diesel". Ukungabi bikho kwama-hydraulic lifters kuphoqa abanikazi bezimoto abanale njini evuthayo yangaphakathi ukuthi balungise ama-valve njalo ngemva kwezinkulungwane eziyi-100 km. Ukucaciswa kweyunithi ebandayo kungokulandelayo: 0.21-0.29 no-0.27-0.35 mm (i-inlet ne-outlet, ngokulandelana).
Umthombo wezimoto owamenyezelwa umenzi we-300 ayizinkulungwane km, ngokusebenza, ngokuvamile: 200-250 ayizinkulungwane km. Ngokuya ngokusebenza, imigomo yesevisi, isitayela sokushayela nezinye izici, lesi sikhathi singahluka.
Imifanekiso ye-Z18XER
Ngamagama alula, umklamo we-Z18XER ungachazwa njengenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ene-four-cylinder. Izinto zokukhiqiza: i-crankshaft - insimbi ephezulu yamandla; ama-camshafts kanye ne-cast BC - insimbi ephezulu yamandla. Ikhanda lesilinda le-aluminium liqukethe amasilinda angena umoya ophambanayo. Ama-alloys e-aluminium nawo asetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-piston.
| I-Z18XER | |
|---|---|
| Ivolumu, cm3 | 1796 |
| Amandla amakhulu, hp | 140 |
| I-torque enkulu, Nm (kgm)/rpm | 175 (18) / 3500 |
| 175 (18) / 3800 | |
| Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha, l / 100 km | 7.9-8.1 |
| Thayipha | Emgqeni, 4-isilinda |
| Isilinda Ø, mm | 80.5 |
| Amandla amakhulu, hp (kW)/r/min | 140 (103) / 6300 |
| Isilinganiso sokucindezela | 10.08.2019 |
| Piston unhlangothi, mm | 88.2 |
| Amamodeli | I-Astra (H, J), Zafira (B, C), Insignia, Vectra C |
| Insiza, ngaphandle. km | 300 |
*Inombolo yenjini iqoshwe nge-laser futhi itholakala ngenhla kwesihlungi sikawoyela ku-cylinder block (ngemuva kwe-semicircular protrusion enembobo). Inombolo yenjini iphrintiwe ngaphansi kwenombolo yemodeli.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial ye-Z18XER kwamiswa ngo-2010.
Izinzuzo nezinkinga eziyinhloko ze-Z18XER
Naphezu kokuthi le njini ibhekwa njengenye yamayunithi anokwethenjelwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sayo, isenayo "izilonda" zayo, empeleni, azikwazi ukuholela ekuhlulekeni kwayo okuphelele. Ake sizibheke ngokuningiliziwe.
Izinzuzo.
- Ibhulokhi yesilinda yensimbi engalungiseki.
- Ukugcinwa kalula.
- Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezingabizi kanye nezingxenye ezisele.
Amaphutha.
- Ukuthembeka okuphansi kwezinye izingxenye kanye nama-assemblies.
- Ukungenisa okuningana.
- ibhande lesikhathi, njll.
Imojula yokushisa
I-transformer ye-Z18XER ingabhekwa ngokuphepha ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo, ngoba kufanele ishintshwe ngemva kwe-70 km kuphela. Izimpawu zokuhluleka kwamamojula azifihli kahle.
Ukuphila kwenkonzo ye-transformer kuncishiswa ngokushintshwa kwamakhandlela ngokungazelelwe, ikhwalithi yayo, ngendlela, ebaluleke kakhulu, kanye nokungena komswakama ngengozi emithonjeni yamakhandlela.
Izilawuli zesigaba
Uhlelo lokushintsha isigaba ku-Z18XER luzwela kakhulu izinga likawoyela wenjini. Ukwehluleka kwama-valve noma izilawuli zesigaba kubonakaliswa "yi-diesel". Lo msindo ungavela kokubili nge run of 30 futhi 130 ayizinkulungwane km. Inkinga ehlobene ingase ibe ukwehluleka kwamandla enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, ikakhulukazi ebangeni lika-3000-4500 rpm.
Eqinisweni, umsindo omncane we-diesel ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala injini iyamukeleka, kodwa uma iqhubeka isikhathi eside, udinga ukubheka ukuwohloka ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwalokho kungase kubangele umonakalo ongenakulungiseka enjini. Kungcono ukuthi ungalondolozi ekugcinweni kwamafutha e-Z18XER.
Ukuvuza kwesishintshi sokushisa
Isishintshi sokushisa esidume kabi se-Z18XER, esitholakala ngaphansi kwe-multifold intake, ngokuvamile siyavuza. Imiphumela yalokhu ihlale ihlukile, kodwa ngokuvamile ibonakala iseduze nokugijima kwe-70 km noma ngaphezulu. Le nkinga kufanele ilungiswe, ngaphandle kwalokho into epholile izohlangana namafutha enjini.
Ukubhujiswa kwe-membrane ye-SVKG
Le yinkinga eyaziwayo kumayunithi e-Z18XER akhiwe ngaphambi kuka-Okthoba 2008. I-crankcase ventilation system (SVKG) kubo ilula futhi isimiso sokusebenza kwayo silula kakhulu. I-membrane yakhelwe kukhava yevalvu, eguga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngaleyo ndlela yephule ukucinana kwesistimu. Lokhu kubonakaliswa ngekhwelo, "isishisi samafutha" esingathí sina, izinguquko ezintantayo, ukuphazamiseka ekushiseni nokunye okuningi. Ngenxa yolwelwesi olulimele, injini ingase ime ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala.
Uma unethuluzi elidingekayo, i-membrane ingashintshwa ibe entsha ngokuhlakaza i-valve. Nokho, lapha kufanele usebenze kanzima. Kukhona inketho elula nakakhulu - ukushintshwa okuphelele kwesembozo se-valve.
Ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa yokuma kwe-camshaft
Izinguqulo zokuqala zeyunithi ye-Z18XER azizange zifakwe ama-camshafts aphumelele kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi izinjini zivele zayeka ukuqala, ngoba i-ECU ayizange ifunde isikhundla se-camshafts. Ngokuvamile, igebe kufanele libe kusuka ku-0,1 mm kuya ku-1,9 mm. Uma ngaphezulu, i-camshaft kufanele ishintshwe ibe yinguquko evele ezinjini kusukela ngoNovemba 2008.
TO I-Z18XER
Ukugcinwa kwezinjini ze-Z18XER kwenziwa ngezikhathi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-15 km. Ezimweni ze-Russian Federation, isikhathi sokugcinwa esinconyiwe singamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10.
- Ukugcinwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngemva kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-1-1.5 futhi kuhlanganisa ukushintshwa kwamafutha kanye nesihlungi samafutha.
- Ukugcinwa kwesibili kwenziwa ngemva kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-10. Okushintshekayo: uwoyela wenjini, isihlungi sikawoyela, nento yesihlungi somoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulesi sigaba sokugcinwa, ukucindezela kuyalinganiswa futhi ama-valve ayalungiswa.
- Phakathi nokugcinwa kwesithathu, okwenziwa ngemva kwezinkulungwane ezingama-20 km, isihlungi samafutha kanye nophethiloli siyashintshwa, kanye nokuxilongwa kwazo zonke izinhlelo zeyunithi yamandla.
- I-TO 4 yenziwa ngemuva kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30. Izinqubo zokulungisa ezijwayelekile kulesi sigaba zihlanganisa ukushintsha uwoyela wenjini nesihlungi sikawoyela.
Imaphi amafutha enjini anconyelwe i-Z18XER?
Abanikazi bezimoto ze-Opel abanamayunithi kagesi e-Z18XER bavame ukuba nezinkinga zokuthenga uwoyela otuswe umenzi. Esikhundleni se-GM-LL-A-025 yoqobo, ungasebenzisa omunye uwoyela wenjini ohlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zokusebenza ezibekwe encwadini yemoto. Njengesibonelo, sinikeza izincomo zomunye wabo.
Izicaciso ezinconyiwe zamafutha kwe-Opel Astra:
- I-Viscosity ratio: 5W-30 (40); 15W-30 (40); 10W-30 (40) (zonke izinhlobo zesizini).
- Umthamo kawoyela ungama-4,5 amalitha.
I-Viscosity ingenye yezakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu zamafutha enjini, ukuguqulwa kwayo, kuye ngokuthi izinga lokushisa, kunquma imingcele yobubanzi besicelo se-lubricant. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, i-Opel incoma ukusebenzisa uwoyela onale viscosity elandelayo:
- kufika ku -25 ° С - SAE 5W-30 (40);
- –25°S nangaphansi – SAE 0W-30 (40);
- –30°C – SAE 10W-30 (40).
Ekugcineni. Akunconywa ukusebenzisa amafutha asezingeni eliphansi, lokhu kungathinta kabi izingxenye ezigqoke kakhulu. Amafutha enjini kufanele ashintshwe njalo njengoba elahlekelwa izici zawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Injini yokushuna i-Z18XER
Ukwandisa amandla enjini ye-Z18XER kungenzeka ngendlela efanayo nesihlobo sayo esiseduze, i-A18XER. Umehluko kuphela ekuhlelweni kwawo kuzoba yizici zokugcina zeyunithi, uma kubhekwa ukufuduka okukhulu kwe-Z18XER.
Noma yiziphi izinguquko kumingcele yezobuchwepheshe yeyunithi yamandla ye-Z18XER zibiza imali eningi kakhulu, futhi uma uhlanganisa inguqulo yale moto nge-compressor, izindleko zokuthuthukiswa okunjalo kungenzeka zidlule intengo yomshini ngokwawo.
Nokho, uma umuntu esanquma ukufaka ophephela ku-Z18XER, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umbono onjalo ekuqaleni akwanele ngokuphelele, ngenxa yokuthi injini ejwayelekile idinga ukungenelela okubi kakhulu, angalulekwa okulandelayo.
Okokuqala udinga ukuthuthukisa ukumiswa kanye nesistimu ye-braking. Okulandelayo, buyisela induku yokuxhuma neqembu le-piston nge-forged kanye nesilinganiso sokucindezela esingaba amayunithi angu-8.5. Ngemva kwalokho, kuzokwazi ukubeka TD04L turbocharger, intercooler, blue-off, manifold, amapayipi, qeda ipayipi 63 mm, futhi ngenxa yalokho, uthole oyifunayo 200 hp. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi intengo yenjabulo enjalo iphezulu kakhulu.
isiphetho
Izinjini ezinamandla kakhulu neziphezulu ze-torque zochungechunge lwe-Z18XER zingamayunithi athembekile futhi anempilo ende yesevisi. Ukugcinwa kwalesi motor kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-15, noma kunjalo, abashayeli abanolwazi batusa ukwenza lokhu ngemva kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi injini ye-Z18XER ayinangqondo, kodwa, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ingase yenqabe ukuqala. Ezinye zezizathu zokuthi kungani i-Z18XER ingaqali (ngenkathi isiqalisi siphenduka futhi kunikezwa uphethiloli) zixoxiwe ngokuningiliziwe ngenhla. Lokhu kungaba: iyunithi yokulawula injini ehlulekile noma imojula yokuthungela, izinkinga ngenzwa yendawo ye-camshaft, ukungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu yokufaka umoya we-crankcase, njll.
Futhi, ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa epholile kanye nokuvuza kwamafutha ku-cooler kawoyela kungabizwa ngokuthi into evamile kule moto, ngoba ukuqedwa kwalezi zinkinga akuyona umcimbi obiza kakhulu.
Insiza injini Z18XER imayelana 200-250 amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane, futhi kuncike kakhulu izimo zokusebenza, kanye nesitayela sokushayela.
Ukubuyekezwa kwenjini ye-Z18XER
I-Zafira yami inale moto. Mayelana nokusetshenziswa, ngingasho ukuthi edolobheni alikho ngaphezu kwe-10, kodwa emjikelezweni ohlangene, lapho ngihambisa khona cishe amalitha angu-9. Izinkinga ngesishintshi sokushisa, imojula yokuthungela, ivalvu yokufaka umoya ye-crankcase, i-thermostat kanye nokuvuza ngaphansi kwesembozo sevalvu - ngidlule kukho konke lokhu futhi ngawina. Nokho, ngisacabanga ukuthi le njini ayinangqondo.
Into eyinhloko esimweni se-Z18XER ukushayela ngokuzolile ukuze ukusetshenziswa kungakhuphuki ngaphezu kwamalitha ayi-10. Le njini kufanele isebenzise uphethroli ongu-95 kuphela futhi ingabi ngaphansi. Uma ushayela i-92, khona-ke izinkinga ezinkulu zizoqala maduze. Ngaphandle kokuthi isheke sizokhanya futhi kuyoba nokulahlekelwa amandla, ngaphezu kokunyuka kokusetshenziswa, amafutha azophinde ageleze kuzo zonke izimfa.
Eqinisweni, injini inhle kakhulu, yebo, uma uyilandela ngesikhathi. Ngokwami imoto enale njini inganele ukuthi ngiyisebenzise nsuku zonke. Uthatha isivinini ngokushesha. Esimeni sokushayela ngendlela eyongayo edolobheni nasesiminyaminyeni sezimoto, ngithola cishe amalitha ayi-11 ngekhulu.
Ngicabanga ukuthi le njini izodlula izinkulungwane ezingama-500 ngaphandle kwezinkinga, futhi i-250 eshiwo umenzi ayicacile kimi nhlobo. Ku-Vectra yami nge-18XER sengivele ngishibilikile amakhulu amane! Okubalulekile ngalezi zinjini ukulandela injini, futhi izodlula isigidi, ngiqinisekile. Ngokwami, kwakudingeka ngixhumane nomuntu, ku-Astra enenjini efanayo, ene-mileage ye-300 kakade futhi hhayi ukukhanda. Ngakho bukela imoto yakho, futhi izokusebenzela isikhathi eside nangokwethembeka!
Sengivele ngashibilika ikhulu ku-Z18XER. Kokwehlukana - ama-thermostat nama-heat exchanger gaskets. Into esemqoka engiyithanda kakhulu ngayo ukuthi iqala kunoma yisiphi isithwathwa, ngisho -35. Ngokuqondene nowoyela, ngingancoma imikhiqizo evela ku-GM. Iqinile impela futhi inenani elincane lezithasiselo. Amafutha okuqala anomthombo wamahora angu-300 futhi kufanelekile ukuqala kulokhu, futhi ukuguqulwa kwamafutha we-GM akuxhomeki nje ku-mileage, kodwa amahora, okuyinto elula kakhulu.
Lapho ngithenga i-Astra yami, ngakhetha isikhathi eside. Ngabheka ezinye izinhlobo, kodwa ngakuthanda, engingazisoli nakancane. Sekuphele iminyaka emi-5. Engakushintsha ebhodini elingaphandle kwakuyi-thermostat kanye nemojula yokubasa! Yebo, ngokuvamile, ngifuna ukusho ukuthi noma iyiphi imoto izohamba isikhathi eside uma umnikazi ephatha ngomphefumulo futhi enza konke ngesikhathi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu lapha, njengoba besho, intengo yendaba, ngoba umuntu ngamunye unezinsiza zakhe, futhi ngisho nemoto enokwethenjelwa kakhulu ingachithwa ngokushesha kakhulu!
Mina ngokwami ngishayela i-ASTRA nge-Z16XER futhi ngifuna ukunikeza izeluleko. Uma ushintsha amagiya, ungavilaphi ukususa i-hillock okuhlala kuyo ama-camshafts futhi uhlole ukuthi iziteshi zivaliwe yini! Futhi hlola ukufakwa okufanele kwamagiya izikhathi eziningana. Futhi nokho, kuyadingeka ukufudumala injini, ikakhulukazi uma isigaba sesivele singqongqoza. Kuyadingeka ukuhlanza ama-meshes ama-valve kusengaphambili. Ezimweni zethu, uthele 5w40. Futhi ngincoma ukuthi esikhundleni se-thermostat ufake izinga lokushisa eliphansi. Ngokuvamile, ngokusebenza kahle, le injini ayibangeli izinkinga, ngokungafani ne-manual transmission, kodwa lokhu, njengoba besho, kuyindaba ehluke ngokuphelele.
