Injini ye-Honda D15B

Injini ye-Honda D15B ingumkhiqizo odumile wemboni yezimoto yaseJapane, engabhekwa njengenye yezinhle kakhulu. Yakhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1984 kuya ku-2006. Okusho ukuthi, wahlala emakethe iminyaka engu-22, okuyinto engenakwenzeka lapho ebhekene nokuncintisana okunamandla. Futhi lokhu naphezu kokuthi abanye abakhiqizi bebemele izitshalo zamandla ezithuthuke kakhulu.

Lonke uchungechunge lwezinjini ze-Honda D15 zithandwa kakhulu, kodwa injini ye-D15B nazo zonke izinguquko zayo zivelele kakhulu. Ngenxa yakhe, ama-motor single-shaft athuthukisiwe emhlabeni.

Incazelo

I-D15B iwukushintshwa okuthuthukisiwe kwesizinda samandla se-D15 esivela kwaHonda. Ekuqaleni, injini yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ku-Honda Civic, kodwa kamuva yasakazeka, futhi yaqala ukufakwa kwamanye amamodeli. Iqukethe i-aluminium cylinder block ene-cast iron liners. Ikhanda line-camshaft eyodwa, kanye nama-valve angu-8 noma angu-16. I-timing belt drive, kanye nebhande ngokwalo linconywa ukuthi lishintshwe njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100. Uma kwenzeka ukuphuka kwekhanda le-cylinder yenjini, ama-valve azogoba nakanjani, ngakho-ke isimo sebhande kufanele siqashwe. Awekho ama-hydraulic lifter lapha, ngakho-ke udinga ukulungisa ama-valve ngemuva kwamakhilomitha angama-40.

Isici ukuzungezisa ngokuphambene newashi. Enjinini eyodwa, ingxube kaphethiloli inikezwa ngama-carburetor amabili (intuthuko ingeye-Honda), kusetshenziswa isistimu yomjovo we-mono (uma uphethiloli we-athomu unikezwa ku-manifold yokudonsa) kanye nomjovo. Zonke lezi zinketho zitholakala enjinini eyodwa yokuguqulwa okuhlukile.

Izici

Etafuleni sibhala izici eziyinhloko zenjini ye-Honda D15B. 

Umkhiqizi	Inkampani Yezimoto zakwaHonda
Ivolumu yesilinda	Ama-1.5 amalitha
Isistimu yamandla	Carburetor
Amandla	60-130 amalitha kusuka.
I-torque enkulu	138 Nm ngo-5200 ngomzuzu
Wamasilinda	4
Ezama-valve	16
Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli	6-10 amalitha kuthelawayeka, 8-12 kumodi yedolobha
I-viscosity yamafutha	0W-20, 5W-30
Isisetshenziswa senjini	250 amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane. Eqinisweni, kuningi kakhulu.
Indawo yegumbi	Ngezansi nakwesokunxele sekhava yevalvu

Ekuqaleni, injini ye-D15B yayifakwe i-carburethi futhi ifakwe ama-valve angu-8. Kamuva, wathola i-injector njengohlelo lokunikezwa kwamandla kanye nepheya eyengeziwe yama-valve isilinda. Amandla okucindezela anyuswe abe ngu-9.2 - konke lokhu kuvunyelwe ukuphakamisa amandla ku-102 hp. Nge. Kwakuyisikhungo sikagesi esikhulu kunazo zonke, kodwa saqedwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngemva kwesikhashana, bathuthukisa intuthuko eyenziwe ngempumelelo kule motor. Injini yaqanjwa ngokuthi D15B VTEC. Ngegama, kulula ukuqagela ukuthi lena injini efanayo yangaphakathi evuthayo, kodwa enesistimu yesikhathi se-valve eguquguqukayo. I-VTEC iwukuthuthukiswa kwe-HONDA okuphathelene, okuwuhlelo lokulawula isikhathi sokuvula ama-valve kanye nokuphakanyiswa kwe-valve. Ingqikithi yalolu hlelo ukuhlinzeka ngemodi yokonga kakhulu yokusebenza kwenjini ngesivinini esiphansi futhi kuzuzwe i-torque enkulu - ngesivinini esiphakathi. Yebo, ngesivinini esikhulu, yiqiniso, umsebenzi uhlukile - ukukhama wonke amandla enjini, ngisho nezindleko zokukhuphuka kwe-gas mileage. Ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlelo ekuguqulweni kwe-D15B kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukwandisa amandla aphezulu ku-130 hp. Nge. Isilinganiso sokucindezela ngesikhathi esifanayo senyuke safinyelela ku-9.3. Izinjini ezinjalo zakhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1992 kuya ku-1998.

Okunye ukuguqulwa yi-D15B1. Le moto ithole i-ShPG eguquliwe kanye nama-valve angu-8, akhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1988 kuya ku-1991. I-D15B2 ifana ne-D15B1 (enenduku yokuxhuma efanayo neqembu lepiston), kodwa inamavalvu angu-16 kanye nesistimu yamandla yomjovo. Ukuguqulwa kwe-D15B3 nayo ifakwe ama-valve angu-16, kodwa i-carburetor ifakwe lapha. I-D15B4 - i-D15B3 efanayo, kodwa nge-carburetor ephindwe kabili. Kwakukhona nezinguqulo ze-injini D15B5, D15B6, D15B7, D15B8 - zonke zihluke komunye nomunye ngezinto ezincane ezihlukahlukene, kodwa ngokuvamile isici sokuklama asizange sishintshe.

Le injini kanye nezinguqulo zayo zenzelwe "Honda Civic" izimoto, kodwa futhi lalisetshenziswa kwezinye onobuhle: CRX, Ballade, City, Capa, Concerto.

Ukwethenjwa kwenjini

Le ICE ilula futhi ithembekile. Imele izinga elithile le-motor-shaft eyodwa, okufanele ilingane nabo bonke abanye abakhiqizi. Ngenxa yokusabalalisa okubanzi kwe-D15B, kuye kwafundwa "emigodini" iminyaka eminingi, okuvumela ukuba kulungiswe ngokushesha futhi kungabizi kakhulu. Lokhu kuyinzuzo yama-motor amaningi amadala, afundwa kahle yi-mechanics esiteshini sesevisi.

Izinjini ze-D-series zasinda ngisho nendlala kawoyela (lapho izinga likawoyela lehla ngaphansi kwezinga elivunyelwe) futhi ngaphandle kokupholisa (i-antifreeze, i-antifreeze). Kuke kwaba nezimo lapho iHonda enenjini engu-D15B ifika esiteshini ingenawo amafutha ngaphakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubhonga okunamandla kwezwakala ngaphansi kwe-hood, kodwa lokhu akuzange kuvimbele imoto ekudonseleni imoto esiteshini sesevisi. Khona-ke, ngemva kokulungiswa kwesikhashana nokungabizi, izinjini zaqhubeka nokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, kwakukhona futhi izimo lapho ukubuyiselwa kwavela kungenangqondo.

Kodwa iningi lezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zikwazile "ukuvuswa" ngemva kokulungiswa okukhulu ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi zezingxenye ezisele kanye nokulula komklamo wenjini ngokwayo. Akuvamile ukuthi ukulungisa kabusha kubize ngaphezu kuka-$300, okwenze izinjini zaba ngenye yezindawo ezishibhe kakhulu ukuzinakekela. Umdwebi onokuhlangenwe nakho onekhithi yamathuluzi elungile uzokwazi ukuletha injini endala ye-D15B esimweni esihle ngokushintsha komsebenzi owodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu akusebenzi kuphela kunguqulo ye-D15B, kodwa ngokujwayelekile kuwo wonke umugqa we-D.

Isevisi

Njengoba izinjini zochungechunge lwe-B zilula, azikho ubuqili noma ubunzima ekunakekeleni. Ngisho noma umnikazi ekhohlwa ukushintsha noma yisiphi isihlungi, i-antifreeze noma amafutha ngesikhathi esifanele, akukho lutho oluyingozi oluzokwenzeka. Abanye ochwepheshe esiteshini sesevisi bathi babona izimo lapho izinjini ze-D15B zihamba ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-15 ku-lubricant eyodwa, futhi lapho zishintsha, amagremu angu-200-300 kuphela kawoyela asetshenzisiwe akhishwa ku-sump. Abanikazi abaningi bezimoto ezindala ezisekelwe kule njini bathela amanzi ajwayelekile kampompi kuwo esikhundleni se-antifreeze. Kuze kube nezinkulumo zokuthi amaD15B abehamba ngodizili ngesikhathi abanikazi bawo bewafaka ngephutha uphethiloli ongafanele. Lokhu kungase kungabi yiqiniso, kodwa kukhona amahlebezi anjalo.

Izinganekwane ezinjalo mayelana nenjini ethandwayo yaseJapane zenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ufinyelele isiphetho ngokungananazi mayelana nokuthembeka kwayo. Futhi nakuba kungenakubizwa ngokuthi "usozigidi", ngokulungiswa okufanele nokunakekelwa ngokucophelela, kungase kwenzeke ukubamba iqhaza elifiswayo lamakhilomitha ayisigidi. Umkhuba wabanikazi abaningi bezimoto ubonisa ukuthi amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-350-500 iyinsiza ngaphambi kokulungiswa okukhulu. Ukucatshangelwa komklamo kukuvumela ukuthi uvuselele injini futhi ushayele amanye amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-300.

Injini yomsebenzi D15B honda

Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho neze ukuthi wonke ama-motor D15B anomthombo omkhulu kangaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuwona wonke uchungechunge oluphumelelayo, kodwa izinjini kuphela ezenziwe ngaphambi kuka-2001 (okungukuthi, D13, D15 no-D16). Amayunithi e-D17 kanye nokulungiswa kwawo kubonakale kungathembekile futhi kubiza kakhulu ekunakekeleni, kuphethiloli, nasekugcobeni. Uma i-D-series injini yakhululwa ngemva kuka-2001, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuyiqapha futhi ufeze ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile ngesikhathi. Ngokuvamile, zonke izinjini zidinga ukuseviswa ngesikhathi, kodwa i-D15B izothethelela umnikazi ngokungabi nangqondo kwakhe, ezinye izinjini eziningi ngeke.

Amaphutha

Kuzo zonke izinzuzo zawo, amayunithi e-D15B anezinkinga. Okuvame kakhulu "izifo" ezilandelayo:

1. Isivinini esintantayo sibonisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa yokulawula isivinini engenzi lutho noma amadiphozi ekhabhoni ku-throttle.
2. I-crankshaft pulley ephukile. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukufaka esikhundleni se-pulley; akuvamile ukuthi ushintshe i-crankshaft ngokwayo.
3. Umsindo we-diesel ovela ngaphansi kwe-hood ungase ubonise ukuqhekeka emzimbeni noma ukuwohloka kwe-gasket.
4. Abasabalalisi "bayisifo" esijwayelekile sezinjini zochungechunge lwe-D. Uma "zifile", injini ingase inyakaze noma yenqabe ukuqala.
5. Izinto ezincane: ama-lambda probes awahlukani nokuqina futhi, ngophethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi kanye namafutha okugcoba (okuyinto evamile eRussia), asheshe angasebenzi. Inzwa yokucindezela uwoyela ingase ivuze, i-nozzle ingase ivaleke, njll.

Zonke lezi zinkinga azikunaki ukwethembeka kanye nokulula ukulungisa nokugcinwa kwezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. Ngokuya ngezincomo zokugcinwa, injini izohamba kalula amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-200-250 ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ke - njengenhlanhla.

Ukuhlwaya

Ama-Motor ochungechunge lwe-D, ikakhulukazi, ukuguqulwa kwe-D15B, akufanelekile ukucushwa okungathi sína. Ukushintsha iqembu le-cylinder-piston, ama-shafts, ukufaka i-turbine yizivivinyo ezingenamsebenzi ngenxa yokuphepha okuncane kwezinjini ze-D-series (ngaphandle kwezinjini ezakhiwe ngemva kuka-2001).

Kodwa-ke, ukulungiswa "okukhanyayo" kuyatholakala, futhi amathuba akho abanzi. Ngezimali ezincane, ungenza imoto eshisayo iphuma kwejwayelekile, okuthi ekuqaleni izodlula kalula "izimoto ezigijimayo" zanamuhla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lesi silungiselelo kufanele sifakwe enjinini ngaphandle kwe-VTEC. Lokhu kuzonyusa amandla ukusuka ku-100 kuye ku-130 hp. Nge. Ukwengeza, kuzodingeka ufake i-multifold intake kanye ne-firmware ukuze ufundise injini ukusebenza ngemishini emisha. Izingcweti ezinokuhlangenwe nakho zizokwazi ukuthuthukisa injini emahoreni angu-5-6. Ngokombono wezomthetho, injini ayishintshi nhlobo - inombolo ihlala ifana, kodwa amandla ayo akhuphuka ngo-30%. Lokhu ukwanda okuqinile kwamandla.

Kufanele benzeni abanikazi bezinjini ezine-VTEC? Kulezi zinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi, ikhithi ekhethekile ye-turbo ingenziwa, kodwa lena inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ayijwayele ukusetshenziswa. Noma kunjalo, insiza yenjini iyasiza kulokhu.

Amathiphu okuthuthukisa injini evuthayo yangaphakathi echazwe ngenhla asebenza kumayunithi akhiqizwa ngaphambi kuka-2001. Izinjini ze-Civic EU-ES, ngenxa yezici zazo zokuklama, azifaneleki kangako ukwenziwa zesimanje.

isiphetho

Ngaphandle kwehaba elingatheni, singasho ukuthi izinjini ze-D-series izinjini ezihamba phambili zezimoto zabantu abasafufusa ezake zakhiqizwa kwaHonda. Mhlawumbe bangcono kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa lokhu kungaphikiswa. Ingabe zikhona izinjini eziningi ezivuthayo zangaphakathi emhlabeni, ezinomthamo we-cylinder 1.5 amalitha, ezinomthamo we-130 hp? Nge. kanye nomthombo wamakhilomitha angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-300? Zimbalwa zazo, ngakho-ke i-D15B, enokwethenjelwa kwayo okumangalisayo, iyiyunithi eyingqayizivele. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi sekuyisikhathi eside iyekwa, isengabonakala ezilinganisweni zomagazini abahlukahlukene.

Ingabe kufanele ngithenge imoto ngokusekelwe enjinini ye-D15B? Lolu wudaba oluzimele. Ngisho nezimoto ezindala ezinale njini yomlilo yangaphakathi kanye nekhilomitha elingamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-200 zizokwazi ukushayela ezinye izinkulungwane eziyikhulu nangaphezulu ngokulungiswa okujwayelekile kanye nokulungiswa okuncane okuzodingeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iyunithi ngokwayo ayikaze ikhiqizwe iminyaka engu-12, usengathola izimoto esekelwe emigwaqweni yaseRussia nakwamanye amazwe, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesivinini. Futhi kumasayithi athengisa izinto zokusebenza, ungathola ama-ICE enkontileka enemayela elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-300, abukeka eshaqile, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye aqhubeke esebenza.