I-Throttle

Ezimotweni zanamuhla, isitshalo samandla sisebenza nezinhlelo ezimbili: umjovo kanye nokudla. Owokuqala wabo unesibopho sokuhlinzeka ngophethiloli, umsebenzi wesibili ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza komoya kumasilinda.

Inhloso, izakhi eziyinhloko zesakhiwo

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lonke uhlelo "lulawula" ukunikezwa komoya, lulula kakhulu ngokwesakhiwo futhi isici salo esiyinhloko yi-throttle assembly (abaningi bayibiza ngokuthi i-throttle yakudala). Futhi ngisho nale elementi inomklamo olula.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-valve ye-throttle usalokhu ufana kusukela ezinsukwini zezinjini ze-carbureted. Ivimbela isiteshi somoya esikhulu, ngaleyo ndlela ilawula inani lomoya elinikezwa amasilinda. Kodwa uma ngaphambili le damper yayiyingxenye yomklamo we-carburetor, khona-ke ezinjini zokujova iyunithi ehluke ngokuphelele.

Uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngeqhwa

Ngaphezu komsebenzi oyinhloko - umthamo womoya wokusebenza okujwayelekile kweyunithi yamandla kunoma iyiphi imodi, le damper nayo inesibopho sokugcina isivinini esidingekayo se-crankshaft (XX) nangaphansi kwemithwalo ehlukahlukene yenjini. Uphinde abe nesandla ekusebenzeni kwe-brake booster.

Umzimba we-throttle ulula kakhulu. Izakhi eziyinhloko yilezi:

1. Uhlaka
2. damper nge-shaft
3. Shayela indlela

I-Mechanical Throttle Assembly

Ukucwiliswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene kungabandakanya nenani lezinto ezengeziwe: izinzwa, iziteshi ze-bypass, iziteshi zokushisa, njll. Ngokuningiliziwe, izici zokuklama ze-throttle valves ezisetshenziswa ezimotweni, sizocabangela ngezansi.

I-valve ye-throttle ifakwe emgudwini womoya phakathi kwesici sokuhlunga kanye ne-multifold injini. Ukufinyelela kule node akunzima nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngakho-ke lapho wenza umsebenzi wokulungisa noma ukuwushintsha, ngeke kube nzima ukufika kuwo futhi uyihlukanise emotweni.

Izinhlobo zenodi

Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-accelerator. Kukhona ezintathu sezizonke:

1. Iqhutshwa ngomshini
2. I-Electromechanical
3. Ngogesi

Kwakungalokhu kuhlelwa lapho ukuklanywa kwalesi sici sohlelo lokuthatha kwakhiwe. Ngayinye yezinhlobo ezikhona inezici zayo zokuklama. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, idivayisi ye-node ayizange ibe nzima kakhulu, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, yaba lula, kodwa ngama-nuances athile.

I-shutter ene-mechanical drive. Design, izici

Ake siqale nge-damper eqhutshwa ngomshini. Lolu hlobo lwezingxenye luvele ekuqaleni kokufakwa kwesistimu yokujova uphethiloli ezimotweni. Isici sayo esiyinhloko ukuthi umshayeli ulawula ngokuzimela i-damper ngokusebenzisa ikhebula lokudlulisela elixhuma i-accelerator pedal emkhakheni wegesi oxhunywe ku-damper shaft.

Umklamo weyunithi enjalo ubolekwe ngokuphelele ohlelweni lwe-carburetor, umehluko kuphela ukuthi i-shock absorber iyisici esihlukile.

Idizayini yalo mhlangano ihlanganisa nenzwa yokuma (i-angle yokuvula i-shock absorber), isilawuli sejubane esingenzi lutho (XX), iziteshi zokudlula kanye nesistimu yokushisa.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-throttle nge-mechanical drive

Ngokuvamile, inzwa ye-throttle position ikhona kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-node. Umsebenzi wayo ukucacisa i-angle yokuvula, okuvumela iyunithi yokulawula i-injector ye-elekthronikhi ukuthi inqume inani lomoya elinikezwa emakamelweni omlilo futhi, ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ulungise ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli.

Ngaphambilini, inzwa yohlobo lwe-potentiometric yayisetshenziswa, lapho i-angle yokuvula inqunywe ukushintsha kokumelana. Njengamanje, izinzwa ze-magnetoresistive zisetshenziswa kabanzi, ezithembeke kakhulu, njengoba zingenawo amapheya othintana naye angaphansi kokugqoka.

Inzwa ye-Throttle position uhlobo lwe-potentiometric

Isilawuli se-XX kuma-chokes emishini yisiteshi esihlukile esivimba esiyinhloko. Lesi siteshi sifakwe i-solenoid valve elungisa ukugeleza komoya kuye ngezimo zenjini uma ingenzi lutho.

Idivayisi yokulawula engenzi lutho

Umongo womsebenzi wakhe umi kanje: ku-XNUMX, i-absorber shock ivaliwe ngokuphelele, kodwa umoya uyadingeka ekusebenzeni kwenjini futhi unikezwa ngesiteshi esihlukile. Kulokhu, i-ECU inquma isivinini se-crankshaft, ngesisekelo sokuthi ilawula izinga lokuvula lesi siteshi nge-valve ye-solenoid ukuze kugcinwe isivinini esimisiwe.

Iziteshi ze-Bypass zisebenza ngesimiso esifanayo nesilawuli. Kodwa umsebenzi wayo ukugcina isivinini sesikhungo sikagesi ngokudala umthwalo lapho uphumule. Isibonelo, ukuvula uhlelo lokulawula isimo sezulu kwandisa umthwalo enjini, okwenza ijubane lehle. Uma umlawuli engakwazi ukunikeza inani elidingekayo lomoya enjinini, iziteshi ze-bypass zivuliwe.

Kodwa lezi ziteshi ezengeziwe zine-drawback ephawulekayo - ingxenye yazo yesiphambano incane, ngenxa yokuthi zingavaleka futhi zibe yiqhwa. Ukuze ulwe nokugcina, i-valve ye-throttle ixhunywe ohlelweni lokupholisa. Okusho ukuthi, i-coolant ijikeleza eziteshini ze-casing, ukushisa iziteshi.

Imodeli yekhompyutha yamashaneli kuvalve uvemvane

Ububi obuyinhloko bomhlangano we-throttle mechanical ukuba khona kwephutha ekulungiseleleni ingxube ye-air-fuel, ethinta ukusebenza kahle namandla enjini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-ECU ayilawuli i-damper, ithola kuphela ulwazi mayelana ne-angle yokuvula. Ngakho-ke, ngokushintsha okungazelelwe endaweni ye-throttle valve, iyunithi yokulawula ayinaso njalo isikhathi "sokulungisa" ezimweni ezishintshile, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli ngokweqile.

Electromechanical butterfly valve

Isigaba esilandelayo ekuthuthukisweni kwamavalve emvemvane kwaba ukuvela kohlobo lwe-electromechanical. Indlela yokulawula yahlala ifana - ikhebula. Kodwa kule node azikho iziteshi ezengeziwe njengokungadingeki. Esikhundleni salokho, indlela ye-elekthronikhi yokudambisa ingxenye elawulwa yi-ECU yengezwe ekwakhiweni.

Ngokwesakhiwo, lo mshini uhlanganisa injini kagesi evamile ene-gearbox, exhunywe ku-shaft absorber shaft.

Le yunithi isebenza ngale ndlela: ngemva kokuqala injini, iyunithi yokulawula ibala inani lomoya onikeziwe futhi ivula i-damper i-engeli oyifunayo ukuze isethe isivinini esidingekayo sokungenzi lutho. Okusho ukuthi, iyunithi yokulawula kumayunithi alolu hlobo yayinamandla okulawula ukusebenza kwenjini ngokungenzi lutho. Kwezinye izindlela zokusebenza kwesikhungo samandla, umshayeli ngokwakhe ulawula i-throttle.

Ukusetshenziswa komshini wokulawula ingxenye kwenze kwaba lula ukuklama kweyunithi ye-accelerator, kodwa akuzange kuqede ukuhlehlisa okuyinhloko - amaphutha okwakhiwa kwengxube. Kulo mklamo, akukhona mayelana ne-damper, kodwa kuphela ngokungenzi lutho.

I-electronic damper

Uhlobo lokugcina, i-electronic, luya ngokuya lufakwa ezimotweni. Isici sayo esiyinhloko ukungabikho kokuxhumana okuqondile kwe-accelerator pedal ne-damper shaft. Indlela yokulawula kulo mklamo isivele isebenza ngogesi ngokugcwele. Isasebenzisa yona injini kagesi eno-gearbox oxhunywe kushaft olawulwa yi-ECU. Kodwa iyunithi yokulawula "ilawula" ukuvulwa kwesango kuzo zonke izindlela. Inzwa eyengeziwe yengezwe ekwakhiweni - indawo ye-accelerator pedal.

Izakhi ze-throttle ze-elekthronikhi

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, iyunithi yokulawula ayisebenzisi nje imininingwane evela kuzinzwa zokuma kwe-shock absorber kanye ne-accelerator pedal. Okunye okucatshangelwayo amasignali aphuma kumishini yokuqapha ugesi ozishintshayo, amabhuleki, imishini yokulawula isimo sezulu, kanye ne-cruise control.

Lonke ulwazi olungenayo oluvela ezinzwa lucutshungulwa yiyunithi futhi ngalesi sisekelo i-angle yokuvula isango elilungile isethiwe. Okusho ukuthi, uhlelo lwe-elekthronikhi lulawula ngokugcwele ukusebenza kohlelo lokuthatha. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqeda amaphutha ekwakhekeni kwengxube. Kunoma iyiphi indlela yokusebenza kwesikhungo samandla, inani eliqondile lomoya lizonikezwa kumasilinda.

Kodwa lesi simiso sasingenawo amaphutha. Kukhona futhi ngaphezulu kancane kuzo kunezinye izinhlobo ezimbili. Esokuqala salokhu ukuthi i-damper ivulwa yi-motor kagesi. Noma yikuphi, ngisho nokungasebenzi kahle okuncane kwamayunithi okudlulisela kuholela ekungasebenzi kahle kweyunithi, okuthinta ukusebenza kwenjini. Ayikho inkinga enjalo ezindleleni zokulawula ikhebula.

I-drawback yesibili ibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ikakhulukazi iphathelene nezimoto zebhajethi. Futhi konke kuncike eqinisweni lokuthi ngenxa yesoftware engathuthukisiwe kakhulu, i-throttle ingasebenza sekwephuzile. Okusho ukuthi, ngemva kokucindezela i-accelerator pedal, i-ECU ithatha isikhathi esithile ukuqoqa nokucubungula ulwazi, emva kwalokho ithumela isignali ku-motor throttle control.

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokubambezeleka kusukela ekucindezeleni i-throttle ye-electronic kuya ekuphenduleni kwenjini ugesi oshibhile kanye nesofthiwe engalungiselelwe.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, lokhu kubuyela emuva akubonakali ikakhulukazi, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, umsebenzi onjalo ungaholela emiphumeleni engathandeki. Isibonelo, lapho uqala endaweni eshelelayo yomgwaqo, kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukuthi ushintshe ngokushesha indlela yokusebenza kwenjini ("dlala i-pedal"), okungukuthi, ezimweni ezinjalo, "ukusabela" okusheshayo kwenjini. injini edingekayo ezenzweni zomshayeli ibalulekile. Ukubambezeleka okukhona ekusebenzeni kwe-accelerator kungaholela enkingeni yokushayela, njengoba umshayeli "engayizwa" injini.

Esinye isici se-electronic throttle yamanye amamodeli ezimoto, okuyinto engalungile kwabaningi, i-throttle setting ekhethekile efektri. I-ECU inesilungiselelo esingabandakanyi ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukushelela kwesondo uma uqala. Lokhu kufezwa yiqiniso lokuthi ekuqaleni kokunyakaza, iyunithi ayivuli ngokuqondile i-damper ukuze ibe namandla amakhulu, empeleni, i-ECU "iklinya" injini nge-throttle. Kwezinye izimo, lesi sici sinomthelela omubi.

Ezimotweni ze-premium, azikho izinkinga "ngempendulo" yesistimu yokuthatha ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe evamile. Futhi ezimotweni ezinjalo ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukusetha imodi yokusebenza yesitshalo samandla ngokusho kokuthandayo. Isibonelo, kumodi "yezemidlalo", ukusebenza kwesistimu yokuphuza kuphinde kulungiselelwe, lapho i-ECU "ingabe "iklinya" injini ekuqaleni, okuvumela imoto ukuthi "ngokushesha" ihambe.