Inzwa yokushisa yegesi ephumayo - ihlobana kanjani nephunga lekhabethe?
Okuqukethwe
Inzwa yokushisa yegesi ephumayo ayivamisile ukuthola ukunakwa kwabanikazi bezimoto, futhi ize. Cabangela imisebenzi yayo, hlala phezu kwezimbangela zephunga elimnandi ekamelweni futhi uxoxe nge-neutralizer kanye nesistimu yokubuyisela kabusha.
Okuqukethwe
- 1 I-Carburetor nakho konke, yonke into, yonke into ... - i-exhausts kabani?
- 2 Zikuphi izizathu?
- 3 Amazinga okuqamba kanye ne-emission
- 4 Ukuxilongwa ngamehlo akho
- 5 Yini engenziwa?
- 6 Indlela yokunciphisa ukugxila kokukhipha?
I-Carburetor nakho konke, yonke into, yonke into ... - i-exhausts kabani?
Imoto iqukethe amasistimu amaningana (ukupholisa, ukujikeleza kabusha, ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli, njll.), i-carburetor etholakala ku-crankshaft crankcase, ama-valve amaningi ... Awukwazi ukubhala zonke izakhi. I-cylinder block kanye ne-crankshaft yenjini itholakala ku-crankcase, futhi i-carburetor inesibopho sokuthola ingxube evuthayo yokuhlushwa okudingekayo. Uphinde alawule ukutholakala kwayo kumasilinda, lapho kusha khona. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuhlanza umoya nophethiloli okuphoqelekile ngaphambi kokungena ku-carburetor.
imoto carburetor
Ukunyakaza kwe-piston yenjini kuqala kusuka endaweni ephezulu efile, futhi ingxube evuthayo imuncwa kusilinda. I-valve isendaweni evulekile. Okulandelayo, ingxube icindezelwa kumasilinda. I-piston ihamba endaweni ephansi kunazo zonke, ama-valve avaliwe ngokuqinile ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kulandelwa umjikelezo womsebenzi lapho kwenzeka ukuqhuma okuncane. Ingxube kaphethiloli evela ku-carburetor, ecindezelwe i-piston, ithungelwa ku-crankcase yinhlansi evela kwipulaki ye-spark. Futhi isinyathelo sokugcina ukukhululwa kwezinto ezisetshenzisiwe.
Njengoba ukusebenza kwenjini kuhilela amazinga okushisa aphezulu, kudingeka uhlelo olukhethekile lokupholisa. Lokhu kuzokwelula impilo yezingxenye. Omunye umsebenzi wesistimu yokupholisa ukulawula izinga lokushisa le-exhaust. I-carburetor iyithuluzi eliyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke kungaba khona ukungasebenzi kahle okuningi kuyo.
Zikuphi izizathu?
Uma iphunga elingathandeki lemvelaphi engaziwa livele ku-cabin, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuliqinisa. Ngokuvamile iphunga lamagesi e-exhaust ku-cabin kubangela ukuvuza ohlelweni, futhi ukuphuka kufanele kubhekwe endaweni yenjini. Kungaba isitofu noma uhlelo lokususa izinsalela zomlilo ngokwalo. Ezinqoleni zesiteshi kanye nama-hatchbacks, leli phunga livame ukungena endaweni yemithwalo. Ukuvula umnyango ongemuva noma iwindi, futhi noma yikuphi ukucindezeleka kule ngxenye (uphawu olonakele) kuholela ekukhishweni komoya, ngenxa yalokho, ukuphuma kwegesi kukhishwa.
Iphunga le-exhaust ekamelweni
Kwesinye isikhathi imoto inuka njengamaqanda abolile, lokhu kuwuphawu lokuqala lokuthi i-catalyst isiwohlokile.. Lo mshini ulwa nezinto eziyingozi ezakha i-exhaust. Isiguquli se-catalytic sivamise ukuhluleka ngenxa kaphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi. Noma kunjalo, idivaysi inesikhathi esithile sokusebenza. Ukusebenza okungalungile kwe-catalyst kuholela ekwehleni kokusebenza kwenjini. Isistimu yokubuyisela kabusha ehlulekile, isibonelo, i-valve ephukile, ngeke ibe nomphumela omuhle kakhulu.
Iphunga elimnandi libonisa ukuvuza kwe-antifreeze, okungenziwa lula ukwephulwa kwesistimu yokupholisa. Kodwa uma kukhona umusi omningi ophuma epayipini lokukhipha umoya, i-carburetor cishe inephutha. Futhi, isistimu yokupholisa ehlulekile ingavusa lokhu.
Amazinga okuqamba kanye ne-emission
Ngaphambi kokuthi sithinte uhlelo lokukhipha igesi ephumayo, kufanele kuqashelwe kancane izakhiwo kanye nokwakheka kokuphuma kwesisi. Ukugxila okukhuphukile kwamagesi ayingozi kungenzeka kakhulu ngesivinini esikhulu. Lokhu kwenziwa lula yinhlanganisela yevacuum enamandla enesivinini esikhulu. Futhi njengoba wazi, imiphumela ye-carbon monoxide poisoning ingahluka kakhulu kuye ngokugxila kwabo.
Imiphumela ye-carbon monoxide poisoning
Manje ake sikhulume ngokubunjwa kwe-exhaust, futhi yiliphi izinga elibhekwa njengelamukelekayo. Lokhu kukhishwa kuqukethe izinto ezinobuthi - i-aldehydes, i-hydrogen oxides, i-carbon monoxide. Futhi aqukethe ama-carcinogens. Lezi zihlanganisa umule ne-benzpyrene. Konke lokhu kwenza amasosha omzimba abe buthaka, futhi ukuphelelwa umoya kungase kubangele ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula, sinusitis, ukwehluleka ukuphefumula, laryngotracheitis ngisho nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Bangadala ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso senhliziyo futhi bavuse i-atherosclerosis yobuchopho.
Ngokwamazinga e-EU, inkambiso evumelekile yi-CO 0,5-1 g/km, HC - 0,1 g/km, NOx ukusuka ku-0,06 kuye ku-0,08 kanye ne-PM 0,005 g/km. Izinombolo zazivame ukuba phezulu. Kodwa kusukela namuhla uphethiloli usuyikhwalithi engcono, kunezinhlelo ezikhethekile zokuphindaphinda kabusha kanye ne-converter, leli zinga liye lehla kakhulu.
Ukuxilongwa ngamehlo akho
Ake siqale ngendawo yangaphakathi, ngoba kaningi i-exhaust system ingabangela inkathazo enjalo. Sivula i-hood futhi sifunde isimo sokuxhumana phakathi kwekhanda le-cylinder kanye ne-multifold exhaust. Ayiphazamisi ekuqinisekiseni ubuqotho be-gasket. Kwesinye isikhathi kunuka amagesi ngaphakathi emotweni nangenxa yokungahlangani kahle komqoqi ngenxa yezibophelelo ezixegayo.
Manje sidinga imbobo yokubuka, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke isebenze ukutadisha phansi. Sivula injini futhi sihlole ngokucophelela zonke izakhi zokuvuza. Sihlola i-muffler ngayinye kanye nethangi lokusabalalisa ngokulandelana. Uma konke kuhlelekile ngalezi zakhi, ungaya kumapayipi. Hamba kahle isandla sakho phezu kwabo. Ungayizibi ne-rocker boot, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuvuza kwayo okudale inkinga.
Ibheka ukuthi i-muffler ayivuzi yini
Imbangela ayikatholakali, futhi uhlelo lokukhipha umoya aluhlangene nalo? Bese udlulela kancane kancane endaweni yemithwalo. Iphuzu elibuthakathaka lapha uphawu lomnyango, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lilahlekelwa izakhiwo zalo ezinwebekayo, imifantu, okwanele ngokwanele ukucindezeleka. Ukuze ukhombe lapho i-elastic ingangeni khona ngokwanele, kuyadingeka ukuyinamathisela nge-masking tape emhlophe bese upenda, isibonelo, umugqa otholakala phezulu nge-polish yezicathulo kungqimba olufanayo. Sivala i-trunk bese siyivula. Manje sibheka i-tape engezansi, ezindaweni lapho kungekho khona upende, izimpawu azithinti ngokwethembeka ngokwanele.
Okulandelayo, siphendukela ku-ventilation, yebo, uma ikhona. Qiniseka ukuthi ubheka ngokubheka ama-valve ayo okuhlola. Kunengqondo ukuhlola ingaphezulu ukuze kutholakale ukugqwala. Kodwa kulesi sigaba kuzodingeka usebenze kanzima, ngoba ukuze ufinyelele ensimbi, kufanele uhlakaze iphakethe lepulasitiki. Hlola izigxivizo zokukhanya zangemuva. Kungenzeka ukuthi zonakalisiwe noma zilahlekile.
Uma imbangela ingakabonakali, khona-ke kufanele unake isihlungi somoya kanye nezimpawu zewindi zangemuva. Zibuye ziwohloke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi zivumele umoya ukuthi udlule ngaphandle. Ingabe usola ukuthi uhlelo lokupholisa lunecala? Yifunde futhi. Bheka wonke amashubhu, kungenzeka ukuthi ayavuza. Ngisho nokuvuza okuncane ohlelweni lokupholisa kuyanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuzoholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu. Noma mhlawumbe inkinga ilele ku-carburetor?
Yini engenziwa?
Uma i-exhaust system ivuza, inkinga kufanele ilungiswe ngokushesha. Isiguquli se-catalytic esihlulekile sidinga ukushintshwa. Ngezinye izikhathi kufanelekile ukushintsha ama-seals. Mhlawumbe yonke into iku-valve yesistimu yokubuyisela kabusha, khona-ke yonke idivayisi idinga ukushintshwa. Irediyetha yesistimu yokupholisa enephutha? Xhumana nesevisi yemoto, le nkinga kufanele ixazululwe ngochwepheshe. Lokhu kusebenza naku-carburetor. Uma ulungise ukungasebenzi kahle, kodwa kusenephunga lokuphelelwa amandla, khona-ke sifuna izindawo ezibolile. Lokhu kuyenzeka futhi.
Ukushintsha isiguquli se-catalytic esihlulekile
Uma uthola i-exhaust gas analyzer, khona-ke kukhona ithuba lokulinganisa ubuthi babo ngokunembe ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini le nkomba, ukuhlanzwa komoya okwengeziwe okuvela ekungcoleni okuyingozi kubaluleke kakhulu hhayi kuphela ekamelweni labagibeli, kodwa futhi ekamelweni lokusebenza, isibonelo, indawo yokusebenzela, ngoba akukho simiso sokubuyisela kabusha esinganciphisa ubuthi babo emkhawulweni owamukelekayo. Ihood enamandla inganikeza umphumela ofanayo.
Lawa madivaysi ahlukaniswe ngonogada, isigubhu futhi adume kakhulu eziteshini zesevisi - amasistimu eziteshi. Inzuzo yenketho yokuqala yizindleko eziphansi. Zihlukaniswe ngokuya ngokufakwa odongeni nophahla. Ihood yohlobo lwesigubhu itholakala kakhulu ophahleni. Ikakhulukazi elula idivayisi enedrayivu kagesi. Kodwa ukuhlanzwa komoya kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwesiteshi kusebenza kahle futhi kuyayonga.
Indlela yokunciphisa ukugxila kokukhipha?
Sifunde isimiso sokusebenza kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, indima yokupholisa kule nqubo, yiziphi izinhlelo zokususa igesi ephumayo ezikhona, manje sekuyisikhathi sokuxoxa nge-catalyst. Uhlelo lokubuyisela kabusha luqukethe i-valve, okuthi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ihlanganise izikhala zama-manifolds amabili - i-inlet ne-outlet. Ingxenye yokukhipha ingena kumasilinda, okuholela ekunciphiseni izinga lokushisa lomlilo. Ngenxa yalokho, inani le-nitrogen oxides ekukhiqizweni liyancishiswa. I-valve yezinhlelo ezilula zokubuyisela kabusha ivula ngaphansi kwesenzo se-vacuum. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, le node iyayeka ukusebenza. Ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokubuyisela kabusha, i-valve kagesi elawulwa yikhompyutha ifakiwe.
Isiguquli se-catalytic sihlanganiswa kusuka kuyunithi yezindlu, yenkampani yenethiwekhi kanye nokufakwa kwe-thermal. Isisekelo siyi-ceramic block of honeycombs longitudinal. Ebusweni balawa maseli, ama-catalyst akhethekile asetshenziswa ukusheshisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kusiguquli. Lawa ma-catalyst ahlukaniswe abe yi-oxidizing (i-palladium ne-platinum) kanye nokunciphisa (i-radium). Ngenxa yesenzo sabo, ukwakheka kwe-exhaust kulawulwa. Uma idivayisi isebenzisa zonke izingxenye ezisohlwini, i-neutralizer enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi ingxenye yesithathu.
I-block carrier block ye-neutralizer itholakala kukesi lensimbi. Phakathi kwalezi zakhi kukhona ungqimba lwe-thermal insulation. Esinye isiguquli se-catalytic sithatha ubukhona benzwa ye-oxygen. Inzwa yokushisa yegesi ephumayo nayo ifakwe phambi kwayo. Idlulisela izimpawu ezifanele ku-ECU, lapho umjovo kaphethiloli ulawulwa khona, futhi inani eliqondile elidingekayo lokushisa i-soot lingena ohlelweni.
