Ukuhlolwa kwephedi yebhuleki - ukusebenza kwabo kunqunywa kanjani?
Okuqukethwe
Ukuphepha komshayeli nabagibeli kuncike ekusebenzeni nasekuthembekeni kwezinhlelo eziningi zezimoto futhi, okokuqala, ohlelweni lwamabhuleki. Enye yezinto ezinquma ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi wayo yikhwalithi yama-brake pads.
Okuqukethwe
- 1 Izici ezibalulekile zokukhetha ama-brake pads
- 2 Ukukhethwa kwamaphedi ngokuya nezici zokusebenza
- 3 Ungawahlola kanjani ama-drive pads
- 4 Imiphumela yokuhlola yamaphedi avela kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene
- 5 Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri
Izici ezibalulekile zokukhetha ama-brake pads
Izinga lama-brake pads linqunywa ngokuyinhloko ukuthi yimuphi umkhiqizi owakhiqizayo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuwathenga (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izimoto - ezifuywayo noma zangaphandle), udinga ukunaka izici ezilandelayo ezijwayelekile zokukhetha.
Imvelaphi yomkhiqizo ingeyokuqala yazo. Leli yiphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi imakethe yezingxenye zezimoto igcwaliswe ngokoqobo ngamanga amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunomehluko othile phakathi kwemikhiqizo yomkhiqizi ofanayo: imakethe inikeza izingxenye ezisele zangempela ezikhiqizwe umugqa wokuhlanganisa lapho izimoto zihlanganiswa khona, futhi ngasikhathi sinye kukhona izingxenye eziyisipele zangempela ezikhiqizwa ngqo ezithengiswayo. kanye nenethiwekhi yokudayisa.
Akunangqondo ukucabangela amaphedi ahloselwe umthumeli, ngoba abiza kakhulu futhi ayivelakancane emakethe - ingxenye yobuningi bawo kumthamo ophelele walo mkhiqizo, njengomthetho, awudluli u-10%. Imikhiqizo yoqobo ethengiswayo ingatholakala kaningi, futhi izindleko zayo zingama-30-70% yenani lokuthutha. Kukhona namaphedi aphansi kakhulu ngekhwalithi kunawasekuqaleni, kodwa akhiqizwa efektri efanayo kanye nawo. Le mikhiqizo iqondiswe ezinhlobonhlobo zabathengi abahlukahlukene, kuhlanganisa nalabo abavela emazweni asathuthuka. Intengo yalawa ma-pads ingama-20-30% yezindleko zangempela.
Ukukhethwa kwamaphedi ngokuya nezici zokusebenza
Isici esijwayelekile esilandelayo sokukhetha iphedi ukusebenza. Ukuze kusetshenziswe lezi zinsimbi ezisele emotweni, lesi sikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lokhu kuyisici somuntu ngamunye, ngoba abashayeli basahlukile futhi, ngokufanele, isitayela sabo sokushayela sihlukile. Ngakho-ke, kulokhu, akusabalulekile ukuthi ubani oshayela ukuthi iyiphi imoto, into eyinhloko ukuthi wenza kanjani. Kungakho abakhiqizi be-pad, njengomthetho, ekwethulweni komkhiqizo wabo omusha noma ezincazelweni zawo, banikeza izincomo ezifanele mayelana nokukhetha eyodwa noma enye yamamodeli ayo. Kukhona amaphedi anconyelwe:
- abashayeli abandlela yabo yokushayela iwumdlalo;
- ukusetshenziswa njalo kwemoto ezindaweni zezintaba;
- ukusebenza okusesilinganisweni komshini edolobheni.
Ngaphambi kokwenza izincomo ezinjalo, abakhiqizi benza ukuhlolwa, ngesisekelo sokuthi kwenziwa isiphetho mayelana nokusebenza kwamapads.
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi hlobo luni lomkhiqizo olunikezwa ukudayiswa, udinga ukunaka kakhulu ukupakishwa kwawo. Ekuxazululeni lolu daba, kufanele uthembele esweni lakho elibukhali noma ukhethe ingxenye eyisipele kanye nochwepheshe (master) ohilelekile ekunakekeleni imoto lapho udinga ukubeka khona amabhuleki. Lapho uzikhetha, udinga ukunaka izwe kanye nonyaka wokukhiqiza, amabheji aqinisekisa ukuqinisekiswa komkhiqizo, ukwakheka kwephakheji, okubhalwe kuwo (ngisho nemigqa, isipelingi esifanele, ukuphrinta okucacile nokufundekayo), njengoba kanye nobuqotho bephedi ye-brake ngokwayo (akukho mifantu, ama-bulges). , ama-chips, ukulingana okuqinile kolwelwesi lwezinto ezixubene nesisekelo sensimbi).
Ungawahlola kanjani ama-drive pads
Ukuze wenze uhlolo lokuqhathanisa, isethi ngayinye yamabhuleki e-run-in ingaphansi kokuhlolwa oku-4 ezitendi ezikhethekile. Okokuqala, ukubhuleka kwemoto okusheshiselwe ku-100 km/h kuyenziwa. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuyisisekelo. Kuyasiza ukunquma i-coefficient of friction ye-disc-pad pair yamabhuleki abandayo (kufika ku-50 ° C). I-coefficient enkulu etholiwe, iphakamisa imingcele ye-frictional block, ngokulandelanayo.
Kodwa amabhuleki, uma esetshenziswa kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi angashisa aze afike ku-300 ° C noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubashayeli abakhuthele kakhulu, imvamisa futhi ibhuleki ngamandla ukusuka ngesivinini esikhulu. Ukuhlola ukuthi amaphedi angakwazi yini ukumelana nale ndlela yokusebenza, ukuhlolwa "okushisayo" kwenziwa ngemva kokuhlolwa "okubandayo". I-disc nama-pads ashiswa ngokuqhunyiswa okuqhubekayo ekushiseni kwama-250 ° C (izinga lokushisa lilawulwa kusetshenziswa i-thermocouple, efakwe ngokuqondile ezintweni zokungqubuzana kwenye yamapads). Bese wenza i-control braking ukusuka ejubaneni elifanayo lika-100 km / h.
Isivivinyo sesithathu sinzima nakakhulu. Phakathi naso, ukubhuleka okuphindaphindwayo kwe-cyclic kulingisa izimo zokuhamba emgwaqeni osezintabeni. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlanganisa ama-decelerations angu-50 ukusuka ku-100 km/h ukuya ku-50 km/h namakhefu emizuzwana engu-45 ukuze ujikeleze i-test stand flywheel. Umphumela we-50 (wokugcina) wokubhuleka uthakazelisa kakhulu - naphezu kokupholisa okuthile kwamaphedi ngesikhathi sokuphonswa kwe-flywheel, ngomjikelezo wama-50 wokubhuleka, izinga lokushisa labaningi babo lingu-300 °C.
Ukuhlolwa kokugcina kubizwa nangokuthi isivivinyo sokululama - kuhlolwa ukuthi amabhuleki “afudumele” akwazi kanjani ukugcina ukusebenza ngemuva kokupholisa. Ukuze uthole ukuthi, ngemva kokuhlolwa "kwentaba", amabhuleki ayapholiswa ezingeni lokushisa elizungezile (lokuhlola), futhi ngendlela engokwemvelo (hhayi ngenkani). Ngemuva kwalokho i-control braking iphinda yenziwa ngemuva kokusheshisa ukuya ku-100 km/h.
Ngokwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwesethi ngayinye yamaphedi, kutholakala amanani angu-4 we-coefficient yokungqubuzana - eyodwa yokuhlolwa ngakunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekupheleni komjikelezo ngamunye wokuhlola, ukushuba kolwelwesi lwento engqubuzanayo kuyalinganiswa - ngaleyo ndlela kuqoqwe ulwazi ngokugqokwa.
Imiphumela yokuhlola yamaphedi avela kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene
Kukhona abakhiqizi abaningi bama-pads ezimoto, futhi ububanzi bentengo yemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene bukhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunzima ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi kuzo engcono kakhulu ngaphandle kokuzama ukuyisebenzisa noma ukuyihlola. Ngezansi kukhona imiphumela yokuhlolwa okwenziwa isitolo sokuhlola somkhiqizi wezimoto zasekhaya i-AvtoVAZ ngokubamba iqhaza kweSikhungo Sobuchwepheshe Esizimele kanye nomagazini we-Autoreview. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuma-pads afakwe ezimotweni ze-VAZ, imininingwane yobuchwepheshe i-TU 38.114297-87 isetshenziswa, ngokusho ukuthi umkhawulo ophansi we-coefficient ye-friction esigabeni sokuhlola "okubandayo" ngu-0,33, futhi "okushisa" - 0,3. Ekupheleni kokuhlolwa, ukugqokwa kwephedi kubalwa njengephesenti.
Njengamasampuli ukuhlolwa okwenziwa ngawo, amaphedi avela kubakhiqizi abahlukene (kuhlanganise namaRussia) kanye namaqembu ahlukene amanani athathwe. Abanye babo bahlolwe hhayi kuphela nge-disk bomdabu, kodwa futhi nge-VAZ eyodwa. Imikhiqizo evela kubakhiqizi abalandelayo ihloliwe:
- Amakhredithi: DAfmi, Trans Master;
- EJalimane: ATE, Bosch;
- E-UK: Ferodo, AP Lockheed, Lucas, QH;
- I-Denmark: I-Roulunds;
- E-Italy: Samko;
- EHungary: Rona;
- I-Russia: i-VATI, i-EZATI, i-Polyhedron, i-TIIR, i-STS;
- akwaziwa: Kuhle.
Amasampula athengwe kunethiwekhi yokudayisa futhi idatha kubakhiqizi bawo ithathwa ngokukhethekile kumaphakheji.
Ukuhlolwa kwebhuleki kwembula lokhu okulandelayo. Izikolo ezingcono kakhulu zokuhlola ezibandayo ziqhamuke ku-QH, Samko, ATE, Roulunds kanye noLucas. Imiphumela yabo ngokulandelana: 0,63; 0,60; 0,58; 0,55 kanye 0,53. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku-ATE ne-QH, inani eliphakeme kakhulu le-coefficient yokushayisana alifinyelelwanga ngamadiski omdabu, kodwa ngamadiski e-VAZ.
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa "i-hot braking" ibingalindelekile neze. Phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa, i-Roulunds (0,44) ne-ATE (0,47) zenze kahle. URona waseHungary, njengasovivinyweni lwangaphambilini, unikeze i-coefficient engu-0,45.
Ngokusho kwemiphumela "yezintaba", i-Rona pads (0,44) yaba yiyona engcono kakhulu, iqhubeka nokugcina isikhundla sokuzinza, futhi, okubalulekile, ishisa kuze kufike ekushiseni okuphansi okungama-230 ° kuphela. C. Imikhiqizo ye-QH ine-coefficient ye-friction engu-0,43, futhi kulokhu inamadiski awo omdabu.
Phakathi novivinyo lokugcina Ama-pads ase-Italy uSamko (0,60) aphinde azibonakalisa kahle "ku-braking epholile", epholile futhi ekhuphuka izinkomba ze-Rona pad (0,52), umkhiqizo ongcono kakhulu kwakuyi-QH (0,65).
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri
Ngokokugqoka kokugcina kwephedi, imikhiqizo engagqoki kakhulu yiBosch (1,7%) kanye neTrans Master (1,5%). Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyinqaba, abaholi bokuhlolwa okwenziwe yi-ATE (2,7% ene-VAZ disk kanye ne-5,7% enomdabu) kanye ne-QH (2,9% enomdabu, kodwa i-4,0 % - nge-VAZ).
Ngokusho kokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri, amaphedi angcono kakhulu angabizwa ngokuthi imikhiqizo ye-ATE ne-QH brand, ehambisana ngokugcwele nesimiso sokukhetha esiyinhloko - isilinganiso sekhwalithi-intengo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuntu akanakuziba iqiniso lokuthi amaphedi e-ATE asetshenziswe kangcono ngediski ye-VAZ, ne-QH - enediski yomdabu. Okuhamba phambili, i-Trans Master, i-Rona, i-Roulunds ne-STS kumemezele izinga elihle elizinzile. Imiphumela emihle iyonke inikezwe i-EZATI, i-VATI, ngokwezinga elithile - i-DAfmi kanye no-Lucas. Amaphedi omkhiqizo we-Polyhedron ne-AP Lockheed abemane edumaza.
