Okufanele ukhethe: i-variator noma imishini

Muva nje, uma kuziwa ekukhetheni u-gearbox wemoto, umshayeli wezimoto ubenezinketho ezimbili kuphela: okuzenzakalelayo noma umakhenikha. Emhlabeni jikelele, akukho okushintshile okwamanje, kepha igama elithi "othomathikhi" lingasho okungenani izinhlobo ezine zokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, ezihluke ngokuphelele ngokwakhiwa komunye nomunye. Futhi okuvame kakhulu kulokhu yi-variator noma i-CVT. Ngakho-ke kufanele yini umuntu othanda imoto akhethe: i-variator noma umakhenikha? Esihlokweni sizohlaziya izici zabo, izinzuzo nezinkinga zabo bese uqhathanisa nomunye nomunye. I-athikili izokusiza uthathe isinqumo lapho ukhetha imoto, futhi, uma usuvele uthenge imoto ene-variator, kungcono ukuqonda ukwakheka kwemoto yakho ngokuqhubeka nokusebenza kwayo. Izinto zihloselwe ukusiza bobabili abathanda imoto novice nomshayeli onolwazi.

Ibhokisi lamagiya ezandla

Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza kokudluliswa okwenziwa ngesandla

U-gearbox oshintshwayo uyinto yokudluliswa kwemoto futhi yakhelwe ukushintsha i-torque enjinini ngobukhulu nangokubheka (ukuhlehla). Ukudluliswa kwamabhukwana kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile futhi kuhlukaniswa ngokuthembeka nokulula.

Ukudluliswa kwemishini kufaka:

• izindlu (crankcase);
• imiphini namagiya (kukhona shaft 2 no 3);
• ukuguqula igiya;
• ukushintsha indlela;
• izivumelanisi;
• izinzwa zikagesi.

Umzimba wenziwe ngezinto ezahlukahlukene. Ezimweni eziningi, ingxubevange ye-aluminium, kepha kwenzeka ukuthi ingxubevange ye-magnesium ithathwa njengesisekelo. I-magnesium alloy crankcase ayisindi futhi ihlala isikhathi eside.

Zonke izinto zebhokisi likamagiya zitholakala ezindlini, ngaphandle kwesigwedlo sokushintsha esifakwe kule ndlwana. Ikhredithi igcwele uwoyela wokudlulisa, okudingekayo ukugcina zonke izinto zisesimweni esihle ngaphansi kwanoma yimuphi umthwalo.

I-shaft eyinhloko ixhunywe enjinini nge-clutch, kuthi i-shaft yesibili ixhunywe ku-cardan noma umehluko kanye nokushayela kwamasondo okushayela emotweni. Imiphini ixhunywe komunye nomunye kusetshenziswa amabhangqa amagiya.

Uma ucindezela i-clutch pedal bese ufaka igiya elidingekayo, i-shaft yokufaka inqanyuliwe enjinini futhi amagiya azungeza ngokukhululekile ngokuhlobana. Lapho umshayeli ededela i-clutch pedal, i-shaft yokufaka ithatha i-torque enjinini bese iyithumela kushaft yokukhipha, ngaleyo ndlela idlulisele amandla kumasondo wedrayivu.

Ekushintsheni kwegiya elibushelelezi nelishaqisayo, u-gearbox unama-synchronizers alinganisa ijubane lokujikeleza kwamagiya. Umjikelezo wempilo wegiya uncike kwikhwalithi yokuvumelanisa nokusebenza kwayo okulungile, futhi, ngokufanele, u-gearbox wonke uwonke.

Ukusebenza kokudluliswa okwenziwa ngezandla kucacile futhi kulula, okwenza kwaduma futhi kwethembeke ekusebenzeni kwezimoto. Imishini ibikhona ingashintshiwe isikhathi eside. Enye indlela efanelekayo yokulungisa imishini ngazo zonke izindlela, ikakhulukazi ngokwesilinganiso samanani / sekhwalithi, ayikaze ibonwe.

Izinzuzo nobubi bokudlulisa ngesandla

Ukudluliswa ngesandla kunakho kokubili okuhle nokubi.

Izici ezinhle eziyinhloko zemishini yilezi:

1. Izindleko eziphansi nesisindo sebhokisi ngokuqhathanisa namanye ama-gearbox.
2. Insizakalo engabizi kakhulu.
3. Kungenzeka ukudonsa i-trailer unomphela.
4. Idizayini elula nokugcinwa.
5. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwemoto ezimweni ezingekho emigwaqweni nasezimeni ezinzima.
6. Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu futhi, ngokufanele, amandla ezomnotho kanye namandla okusheshisa.
7. Ukudonsa imoto kunoma iyiphi ibanga.

Okubi kwebhokisi lomshini kufaka:

1. Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kwabaphathi.
2. Ukuphothula igiya elithweswe iziqu (ukunethezeka okuncane kokushayela).
3. Isidingo sokushintshwa kwe-clutch ngezikhathi ezithile.

Imishini ilungele cishe zonke izimoto. Kuzibonakalise ukuthi inhle kakhulu ekusebenzeni komshini ezimweni ezingekho emgwaqeni, lapho uhambisa impahla, nalapho ushayela nge-trailer.

Uma kwezinye izimo imishini ibalulekile, kunezimo lapho ifakwa ezimotweni kuphela ukuze yonge imali yokuthenga nokugcinwa kwayo. Ezimotweni ezincane noma ezingabizi kakhulu eziqhutshwa ezimeni ezilula, ukuhanjiswa okuzenzakalelayo noma i-variator kungcono, kepha, ngenxa yezindleko zazo eziphakeme, imishini ibekwa phambili.

Ungafunda kabanzi ngokudluliswa okwenziwa ngesandla esihlokweni sethu kusixhumanisi.

I-CVT njengohlobo lokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo

I-variator, njenganoma yiliphi i-gearbox, iyithuluzi elidlulisa i-torque lisuka enjinini liye emasondweni futhi liyishintshe ngaphakathi kwemingcele ethile. Ukudluliswa kwenziwa ngokungahambeki ngaphakathi kwebanga lokulawula elinqunyelwe kusengaphambili. EsiNgisini, okuguquguqukayo kubizwa nge-CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission), engahunyushwa ngokuthi "ukudluliswa okunesilinganiso segiya esishintsha njalo."

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-variator kanye ne-transmission manual, lapho igiya ngalinye lincike kugiya elilinganiselwe ngokukhethekile, inguquko engenazinyathelo ngokuphelele kusilinganiso segiya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ushintsho lwegiya lwenzeka ngemodi ezenzakalelayo, okungukuthi, asikho isidingo sokushintsha njalo amagiya ngezandla zakho bese usebenzisa i-clutch.

I-variator engenazinyathelo ivumela ukushesha okubushelelezi ngaphandle kokudlikiza. Imoto ihamba ngejubane ukwedlula omakhenikha. Isivinini senjini asifani, kepha sihlala sihlala njalo.

Ngokuya ngezinto ezikhona, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-variator:

• I-V-belt, okuyisisekelo sayo ibhande elelulwe phakathi kwamapulisi amabili;
• iketanga - ibhande elifanayo le-V, kepha iketango lidlala indima yebhande;
• i-toroidal, equkethe amadiski nama-roller.

Umsebenzi we-variator ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini ngokushintsha njalo i-torque. Lesi sici sinquma izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-variator, ezifaka:

1. Ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwamandla enjini.
2. Ukonga uphethiloli ukusetshenziswa.
3. Ukusheshisa okuqhubekayo okungenasinyathelo.

Ubushelelezi bokuhamba nokungabikho kwamajezi kuvumela umshayeli ukuthi akujabulele ukugibela, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zasemadolobheni.

I-variator ayinayo imbandezelo, efaka:

1. Kunzima ukufaka ezimotweni ezinamandla.
2. Imithwalo ephezulu lapho ushayela ungekho mgwaqo.
3. Akufanelekile ukudonsa, ukunyakaza njalo ngejubane eliphezulu nokuhamba ngokusheshisa okungazelelwe.
4. Kusetshenziswa izinzwa ezahlukahlukene ukusebenzisa i-variator. Ukungabikho kwesiginali kunoma iyiphi inzwa kungaholela ekusebenzeni okungalungile kokudluliswa.
5. Impilo yebhande eliphansi kanye nokushintshwa okuvamile kwamanani abizayo we-hydraulic fluid
6. Kuyabiza futhi kaningi akunakwenzeka ukulungisa. Kwesinye isikhathi kulula ukushintsha i-variator kunokuyilungisa.

Imininingwane engaphezulu nge-variator (i-CVT) ingatholakala ku-athikili yethu kusixhumanisi.

Dweba iziphetho

Isikhathi asimile. Abathuthukisi be-CVT benza konke okusemandleni ukufeza ukuthuthuka, ukwanda kokuthembeka nokukwazi ukusebenza ezimweni zomgwaqo ezinzima. I-variator iyi-gearbox ethembisayo, futhi imishini iyi-gearbox ezosetshenziswa njalo, yize kunokuphazamiseka okuthile lapho ushayela.