Iyini i-transformer? Konke odinga ukukwazi

Uyazi yini i-transformer? Sikutholile!

I-transformer iyisisetshenziswa sikagesi ukuhumusha ugesi phakathi kwamasekhethi amabili noma ngaphezulu. Ama-transformers asetshenziselwa anda or nqaba AC (alternating current) isignali voltage.

Kodwa akugcini lapho. Ake sibhekisise le mishini emangalisayo!

Umlando we-transformer

I-transformer yasungulwa unjiniyela waseMelika odabuka eHungary ogama lakhe lingu Otto Blatti ngonyaka we-1884.

Kukholakala ukuthi wagqugquzelwa ukuthi enze le divayisi ngemva kokubona ukulinga okungaphumelelanga okuhlanganisa ukudlula amandla kagesi eshidini lensimbi.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-transformer

Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-transformer usekelwe kumqondo wokungeniswa. Uma amandla esetshenziswa kukhoyili eyodwa, adala amandla e-electromotive kwenye ikhoyili, okubangela ukuthi ibe ne-polarized magnetically.

Umphumela uba ukuthi ama-currents angeniswa kusekethe eyodwa edala i-voltage ehlehlisa i-polarity yayo.

Iyini ukusetshenziswa kwe-transformer?

Ama-transformer asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuncipha i-voltage kumjikelezo kagesi. Lokhu kuyenza iphephe emishinini yamandla kagesi aphansi eseduze. electronic sensitive amadivaysi, futhi iphinde ivimbele ukulimala kwezintambo zikagesi zasendlini.

Ama-transformer angasetshenziswa futhi ukusatshalaliswa amandla alayishwe kakhulu noma antula ukuzinza ngokunqamula umthwalo emugqeni wokuhlinzeka ngezikhathi zesidingo esikhulu.

I-transformer ingafakwa kuma-circuits ahlukene kuye ngokuthi yabo izidingo okuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukulayisha ngokweqile, noma ngabe isifunda esisodwa sinezinkinga ngezidingo ze-voltage.

Lokhu futhi kukuvumela lawula ukuthi udinga amandla angakanani nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukuze uhlelo lukagesi lungasebenzi kanzima futhi luguge ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngoba kuhlale kunomthwalo othile obekwe kuwo wonke ama-transformer.

Izingxenye ze-Transformer

I-transformer iqukethe i-winding eyinhloko, i-secondary winding kanye nesekethe kazibuthe. Uma amandla esetshenziswa kumjikelezo oyinhloko, ukuguquguquka kazibuthe kusuka kuleso sigaba kusebenza esigabeni sesibili, kuphambukisa amanye ala maza abuyele kuwo.

Lokhu kudala i-voltage efakwa kukhoyili yesibili, bese ihlehlisa i-polarity yayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-flux kazibuthe inqunywa kukhoyili eyodwa futhi isetshenziswe kwenye. Umphumela uba amandla akhona kusekethe yesibili kanye namazinga kagesi ashintshanayo.

Amakhoyili ayisisekelo nawesibili angaxhunywa ngochungechunge noma ngokuhambisana, okuthinta ukudluliswa kwamandla ngokuhlukile kuye ngezidingo zaleyo sekethi ethile.

Lo mklamo usivumela ukuthi sisebenzise isifunda esisodwa ngezinjongo eziningi. Uma singekho isidingo samazinga wamandla ngesikhathi esithile, angadluliselwa kwesinye isifunda esingase sibe nesidingo esikhulu sawo.

Isebenza kanjani i-transformer?

Umgomo we-transformer ukuthi ugesi udlula ikhoyili eyodwa yocingo, eyenza insimu kazibuthe, ebuye ifake amandla kwamanye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-primary winding inika amandla kukhoyili yesibili ukuze ikhiqize i-voltage.

Inqubo iqala lapho i-alternating current (AC) ikhona kukhoyili eyinhloko, eyenza uzibuthe ngokuhlehla kwe-polarity emuva naphambili phakathi kwenyakatho naseningizimu. Uzibuthe ube usuya ngaphandle ubheke kukhoyili yesibili futhi ekugcineni ungena kukhoyili yokuqala yocingo.

Indawo kazibuthe ihamba ocingweni lokuqala bese ishintsha i-polarity noma isiqondiso, bese ingenisa amandla kagesi. Le nqubo iphindaphindiwe kaningi njengoba kunamakhoyili ku-transformer. Amandla kagesi athintwa inani lokuphenduka kuzo zombili izifunda eziyisisekelo nesesibili.

Inkundla kazibuthe iyaqhubeka ihamba ikhoyili yesibili yocingo ize ifike ekugcineni bese ibuyela kukhoyili yokuqala yocingo. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi ugesi omningi uye ohlangothini olulodwa kunezikhombisi-ndlela ezimbili ezihlukene, okudala i-alternating current (AC).

Ngenxa yokuthi amandla agcinwa endaweni kazibuthe ye-transformer, asikho isidingo sokunikezwa kwamandla kwesibili.

Ukuze kudluliswe amandla kusuka kukhoyili eyinhloko kuya kweyesibili ukuze asebenze, kufanele axhunywe ndawonye endaweni evaliwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunendlela eqhubekayo, ngakho ugesi ungadlula kuzo zombili.

Ukusebenza kahle kwe-transformer kuncike enanini lokujika ohlangothini ngalunye, kanye nokuthi zenziwa ziphi insimbi.

I-iron core ikhuphula amandla okusebenza kazibuthe, ngakho-ke kulula ukuthi indawo kazibuthe idlule ocingweni ngalunye esikhundleni sokuyiphusha bese ibambeka.

Futhi, ama-transformer angenziwa akhuphule i-voltage ngenkathi kuncipha yamanje. Isibonelo, i-ammeter isetshenziselwa ukukala inani lama-ampere agelezayo ngocingo.

I-voltmeter isetshenziselwa ukukala ukuthi ingakanani i-voltage ekhona kusekethe kagesi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kufanele zenziwe ndawonye ukuze zisebenze kahle.

Njenganoma yimuphi omunye umshini kagesi, ama-transformer kwesinye isikhathi angahluleka noma afinyelelwe ngenxa yokugcwala kakhulu. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, inhlansi ingase yakheke futhi ishise idivayisi.

Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ugesi awudluli ku-transformer uma wenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lokulungisa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ugesi kumele ucishwe, isibonelo yi-circuit breaker, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwawo wonke umuntu.

Izinhlobo zama-transformer

• khuphuka futhi wehle i-transformer
• I-transformer yamandla
• I-transformer yokusabalalisa
• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-transformer yokusabalalisa
• I-instrument transformer
• Isiguquli samanje
• I-transformer engaba khona
• I-Single phase transformer
• I-transformer yezigaba ezintathu

khuphuka futhi wehle i-transformer

I-step-up transformer yakhelwe ukukhiqiza i-voltage ephumayo ephakeme kune-voltage yokufaka kagesi. Zisetshenziswa uma udinga inani elikhulu lamandla asebenzayo isikhathi esifushane, kodwa hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Isibonelo salokhu kungaba abantu abahamba ngendiza noma abasebenza ngezinto zikagesi ezisebenzisa amandla amanje kakhulu. Lawa ma-transformer asetshenziselwa ukunika amandla ezindlini ezinama-wind turbines noma ama-solar panel.

Iziguquli eziya phansi zenzelwe ukunciphisa amandla kagesi kokokufaka kukagesi ukuze akwazi ukunikeza amandla ku-voltage ephumayo ephansi.

Lolu hlobo lwe-transformer luvame ukusetshenziswa ezindlini noma kumakhompyutha lapho kusetshenziswa amandla noma imishini elula efana nezibani noma izibani ngaso sonke isikhathi.

I-transformer yamandla

Isiguquli samandla sidlulisa amandla, ngokuvamile ngamanani amakhulu. Asetshenziswa kakhulu ukudlulisa ugesi ebangeni elide ngokusebenzisa igridi kagesi. Isiguquli samandla sisebenzisa ugesi wamandla aphansi futhi siwuguqulele ugesi wamandla aphezulu ukuze sikwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade.

I-transformer ibe isishintshela emuva ku-voltage ephansi eduze nomuntu noma ibhizinisi elidinga amandla.

I-transformer yokusabalalisa

I-transformer yokusabalalisa iklanyelwe ukudala isistimu yokusabalalisa yamanje kagesi ephephile. Ikakhulukazi isetshenziselwa izindlu, amahhovisi, izimboni nezinye izinsiza lapho izidingo zamandla zikumazinga ahlukene, ezidinga ukugeleza kwamandla okufanayo.

Banciphisa ukunyuka kukagesi ngokulawula ukugeleza kukagesi ezindlini nasemabhilidini.

I-transformer yokusabalalisa ayiyona ngempela i-transformer ngomqondo wokuthi iletha i-voltage ephakeme kunokufaka, kodwa inikeza ukusabalalisa okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kagesi.

Lokhu kwenziwa ukuba kwenzeke ngomsebenzi wawo oyinhloko wokuguqula amandla asuka kugridi kagesi aye kuvoltheji ephansi ukuze asetshenziswe ngokuphepha ezindlini nasemabhizinisini.

I-instrument transformer

I-transformer yensimbi ibhekwa njengohlobo olukhethekile lwedivayisi ye-transformer. Inemisebenzi efanayo ne-transformer yokusabalalisa, kodwa yakhelwe umthwalo omncane nakakhulu.

Mancane futhi angabizi kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zama-transformer, okuwenza alungele ukusetshenziswa nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezincane njengamathuluzi kagesi aphathwayo noma ama-oven ama-microwave.

Isiguquli samanje

I-transformer yamanje iyisisetshenziswa esikuvumela ukuthi ulinganise i-voltage ephezulu. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-transformer yamanje ngoba ijova i-AC yamanje kudivayisi futhi ikala inani lokuphuma kwe-DC njengomphumela.

Iziguquli zamanje zikala amaza aphansi ngokuphindwe ka-10-100 kumandla kagesi, okuwenza abe amathuluzi afanelekile okulinganisa izinto ezithile zikagesi noma izisetshenziswa.

I-transformer engaba khona

I-voltage transformer iyithuluzi eliguqula i-voltage kagesi ibe sezingeni elifaneleka kakhulu lokulinganisa. Lolu cingo lujova ugesi wamandla aphezulu futhi ngenxa yalokho lukala inani lamandla kagesi aphansi.

Njengama-transformer amanje, ama-voltage transformer avumela ukuthi izilinganiso zenziwe kumazinga kagesi izikhathi eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-100 eziphansi kunalezo ezisetshenziswa ama-distributers okusabalalisa.

I-Single phase transformer

I-single-phase transformer iwuhlobo lwe-transformer yokusabalalisa esabalalisa amandla angu-120 volts. Atholakala ezindaweni zokuhlala, ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano kanye nezitshalo ezinkulu zikagesi.

Ama-transformer esigaba esisodwa asebenza kumasekhethi ezigaba ezintathu lapho i-voltage yokufaka isabalaliswa ngamakhondatha amabili noma ngaphezulu ngokuhlukana ngama-degree angu-120 ukuze afinyelele indawo yekhasimende. I-voltage yokufaka engena kwikhayithi ngokuvamile iphakathi kuka-120 no-240 volts eNyakatho Melika.

I-transformer yezigaba ezintathu

I-transformer yezigaba ezintathu iwuhlobo lokudlulisa noma ukusabalalisa i-transformer esabalalisa amandla angama-240 volts. ENyakatho Melika, amandla kagesi okufaka asukela ku-208 kuya ku-230 volts.

Ama-transformer asetshenziselwa ukusiza izindawo ezinkulu lapho abathengi abaningi bedinga ugesi. Indawo ehlinzekwa yi-transformer yezigaba ezintathu izoba namasethi amathathu ezintambo eziphuma kuyo eziqhelelene ngamadigri angu-120, futhi isethi ngayinye inikeza amandla ombane ahlukile.

I-transformer enezigaba ezintathu inamawindi ayisithupha esibili. Asetshenziswa ezinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene ukuze athole amandla kagesi afiswayo endaweni ethile yeklayenti ngalinye.

Amawindi ayisithupha esibili ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezimbili: i-voltage ephezulu nephansi. Isibonelo salokhu kungaba ukube bekunabathengi abathathu endaweni ephakelwa i-transformer yezigaba ezintathu.

isiphetho

Sikholelwa ukuthi manje usuyaqonda yini i-transformer nokuthi kungani singakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwabo.