Siyini isihlungi se-particle futhi kungani udinga ukwazi

Izimoto zinegalelo elikhulu ekungcolisweni kwemvelo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi emoyeni esiwuphefumulayo emadolobheni amakhulu. Ukwanda kwezinkinga zemvelo kusiphoqa ukuthi sithathe izinyathelo eziqinile zokuhlanza amagesi emfucumfucu yezimoto.

Ngakho-ke, kusukela ngo-2011, ezimotweni ezisebenzisa uphethiloli we-diesel, ukuba khona kwesihlungi sezinhlayiya kuyisibopho (ungathola isifinyezo sesiNgisi esithi DPF - isihlungi se-diesel particulate). Lesi sihlungi sibiza kakhulu futhi singabangela izinkinga kwezinye izimo, ngakho-ke kuyasiza ukuba nombono ngaso.

Inhloso yesihlungi se-particle

Ngisho nenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ethuthuke kakhulu ayinikezeli ngamaphesenti ayikhulu amandla omlilo kaphethiloli. Ngenxa yalokho, kufanele sibhekane namagesi akhipha umoya, aqukethe izinto eziningi eziyingozi kubantu nasemvelweni.

Ezimotweni ezinenjini kaphethiloli, isiguquli se-catalytic sinesibopho sokuhlanza i-exhaust. Umsebenzi wawo ukuqeda i-carbon monoxide (i-carbon monoxide), ama-hydrocarbon aguquguqukayo anomthelela ekwakhekeni kwe-smog, izinhlanganisela ze-nitrogen ezinobuthi neminye imikhiqizo yokushiswa kukaphethiloli.

Iplatinamu, i-palladium ne-rhodium ivamise ukusebenza njengama-catalysts aqondile. Ngenxa yalokho, ekuphumeni kwe-neutraizer, izinto ezinobuthi ziphenduka ezingenabungozi - i-oksijini, i-nitrogen, i-carbon dioxide. Isiguquli se-catalytic sisebenza ngempumelelo ekushiseni kuka-400-800 °C. Ukushisa okunjalo kunikezwa uma kufakwa ngqo ngemuva kwe-multifold exhaust noma phambi kwe-muffler.

Iyunithi ye-diesel inezici zayo zokusebenza, inombuso wokushisa ophansi kanye nesimiso esihlukile sokuthungela uphethiloli. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, ukwakheka kwamagesi okukhipha umoya nakho kuyahluka. Omunye wemikhiqizo yokushiswa okungaphelele kukaphethiloli we-diesel yi-soot, enezici ze-carcinogenic.

Isiguquli se-catalytic asikwazi ukusiphatha. Izinhlayiya ezincane zomsizi oqukethwe emoyeni azihlungi isimiso sokuphefumula somuntu. Lapho zihogela, zingena kalula emaphashini futhi zizinze lapho. Ukuze uvimbele ukuthi umule ungangeni emoyeni ezimotweni zikadizili, kufakwa isihlungi se-diesel particulate (SF).

I-catalyst yenjini ye-diesel (i-DOC - i-diesel oxidation catalyst) inezici zayo futhi ifakwe phambi kwesihlungi se-particle noma ihlanganiswe kuyo.

Idivayisi kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwe "soot"

Ngokuvamile, isihlungi siyibhlokhi ye-ceramic ebekwe endlini yensimbi engagqwali enezikwele ngokusebenzisa amashaneli. Amashaneli avuliwe ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi anepulaki enyakazayo ngakolunye.Amagesi e-exhaust adlula cishe ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa ezindongeni ezinezimbobo zamashaneli, futhi izinhlayiya ze-soot zihlala emikhawulweni eyimpumputhe futhi azingeni emoyeni. Ukwengeza, ungqimba lwento ye-catalyst lungasetshenziswa ezindongeni zensimbi zezindlu, ezikhipha i-oxidize futhi zinciphise i-carbon monoxide kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-hydrocarbon eziguquguqukayo eziqukethwe ku-exhaust.

Izihlungi eziningi zezinhlayiya nazo zinezinzwa zamazinga okushisa, ukucindezela kanye ne-oxygen esele (i-lambda probe).

Ukuhlanza okuzenzakalelayo

Umsizi ofakwe ezindongeni zesihlungi uyawuvala kancane kancane futhi udale isithiyo ekuphumeni kwamagesi akhipha umoya. Ngenxa yalokho, kuba nomfutho okhuphukile ku-multifold exhaust futhi amandla enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi ehla. Ekugcineni, injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ingase imane ime. Ngakho-ke, indaba ebalulekile iwukuqinisekisa ukuhlanzwa kwe-SF.

Ukuhlanzwa okungahambi kahle kwenziwa ngokufaka i-oxidizing soot ngamagesi akhipha ukushisa ashisayo ekushiseni okungaba ngu-500 ° C. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo ngenkathi imoto ihamba.

Nokho, izimo zasemadolobheni zibonakala ngokuhamba amabanga amafushane kanye nesiminyaminya sezimoto njalo. Kule modi, i-exhaust gas ayihlali ifinyelela izinga lokushisa eliphakeme ngokwanele bese kuthi insila inqwabelane. Ukwengezwa kwezithasiselo ezikhethekile ze-anti-particulate kuphethiloli kungasiza kulesi simo. Bafaka isandla ekushisweni kwe-soot emazingeni okushisa aphansi - cishe ama-300 ° C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithasiselo ezinjalo zinganciphisa ukwakheka kwe-carbon deposits ekamelweni elivuthayo leyunithi yamandla.

Eminye imishini inomsebenzi wokuvuselela ngempoqo oqalwa lapho inzwa yokuhlukanisa ithola umehluko omkhulu wengcindezi ngaphambi nangemuva kwesihlungi. Ingxenye eyengeziwe kaphethiloli iyajovwa, eshiswa kusiguquli se-catalytic, sishise i-SF ibe yizinga lokushisa elicishe libe ngu-600 ° C. Lapho umule uvutha futhi ukucindezela endaweni yokungena nokuphuma kwesihlungi kuyalingana, inqubo izoma.

Abanye abakhiqizi, isibonelo, i-Peugeot, i-Citroen, i-Ford, i-Toyota, basebenzisa isithasiselo esikhethekile, esiqukethe i-cerium, ukufudumala umsizi. Isengezo siqukethwe esitsheni esihlukile futhi sijovwa ngezikhathi ezithile kumasilinda. Ngenxa yalokho, i-SF ishisa kuze kufike ku-700-900 ° C, futhi umsi kuleli zinga lokushisa ushisa ngokuphelele ngesethi yemizuzu. Inqubo izenzekelayo ngokuphelele futhi yenzeka ngaphandle kokungenelela komshayeli.

Kungani ukuvuselelwa kungahluleka kanye nendlela yokwenza ukuhlanza okwenziwa ngesandla

Kwenzeka ukuthi ukuhlanza okuzenzakalelayo akusebenzi. Izizathu zingaba yilezi ezilandelayo:

• phakathi nohambo olufushane, amagesi okukhipha amandla awanaso isikhathi sokushisa kuze kufike ekushiseni okufunayo;
• inqubo yokuvuselela yaphazanyiswa (isibonelo, ngokuvala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi);
• ukungasebenzi kahle kwesinye sezinzwa, ukuthintana okungalungile noma izintambo eziphukile;
• kukhona uphethiloli omncane ku-tank noma inzwa yezinga likaphethiloli inikeza ukufundwa okuphansi, kulokhu ukuvuselelwa ngeke kuqale;
• I-valve ye-exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) enephutha noma evalekile.

Uma umule omningi usunqwabelene, ungawususa mathupha ngokuwasha.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, isihlungi se-particle kufanele sihlakazwe, elinye lamapayipi kufanele lixhunywe, futhi uketshezi olukhethekile olugelezayo kufanele luthelwe kwelinye. Shiya uqonde futhi unyakazise ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngemuva kwamahora angaba ngu-12, khipha uketshezi bese uhlanza isisefo ngamanzi ahambayo. Uma kukhona umgodi wokubuka noma ukuphakama, ukudilizwa nokuhlanza kungenziwa ngokuzimela. Kodwa kungcono ukuya esiteshini sesevisi, lapho ngesikhathi esifanayo bezohlola futhi bathathe indawo yezakhi ezingalungile.

Ochwepheshe benkonzo bangawushisa futhi umule onqwabelene besebenzisa izinto ezikhethekile. Ukushisa i-SF, i-heater kagesi noma i-microwave isetshenziswa, kanye ne-algorithm ekhethekile yokujova uphethiloli.

Izimbangela zokwanda kokwakheka kwensisi

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokwanda kokwakheka kwe-soot ekukhipheni uphethiloli omubi. Uphethiloli we-diesel osezingeni eliphansi ungase ube nenani elikhulu lesulfure, elingagcini nje ngokuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-asidi nokugqwala, kodwa futhi kuvimbela ukusha okuphelele kwamafutha. Ngakho-ke, uma uqaphela ukuthi isihlungi se-particle singcolile ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile, futhi ukuvuselelwa okuphoqelekile kuqala kaningi, khona-ke lesi yisizathu esibucayi sokubheka esinye isiteshi segesi.

Ukulungiswa okungalungile kweyunithi yedizili nakho kunomthelela ekwenyukeni kwenani lensisi. Umphumela ungaba ukuncishiswa kokuqukethwe kwe-oksijeni engxubeni yamafutha omoya, okwenzeka ezindaweni ezithile zegumbi elivuthayo. Lokhu kuzoholela ekushiseni okungaphelele kanye nokwakheka komsizi.

Impilo yesevisi nokushintshwa kwesihlungi se-particle

Njenganoma iyiphi enye ingxenye yemoto, i-SF kancane kancane iguga. I-matrix yesihlungi iqala ukuphuka futhi ilahlekelwe amandla ayo okukhiqiza kabusha ngempumelelo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, lokhu kubonakala ngemva kwamakhilomitha angaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-200.

E-Ukraine, izimo zokusebenza azikwazi ukubhekwa njengezijwayelekile, futhi izinga likaphethiloli we-diesel alihlali lisezingeni elifanele, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukubala ku-100-120 ayizinkulungwane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwenzeka ukuthi ngisho nangemva kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-500, isihlungi se-particle sisasebenza.

Lapho i-SF, naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo yokuhlanza nokuvuselela, iqala ukwehlisa ngokucacile, uzobona ukwehla okukhulu kwamandla enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokwanda kwentuthu yokukhipha umoya. Izinga likawoyela we-ICE lingase likhuphuke futhi umsindo ongenasici ungavela ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-ICE. Futhi kudeshibhodi isexwayiso esihambisanayo sizokhanya. Bafika bonke. Isikhathi sokushintsha isihlungi se-particle. Ubumnandi buyabiza. Intengo - kusuka kweyodwa kuya kwezinkulungwane ezimbalwa zamadola kanye nokufakwa. Abaningi abavumelani kakhulu nalokhu futhi bakhetha ukumane bakhiphe i-SF ohlelweni.

Kwenzekani uma ususa isihlungi se-particle

Phakathi kwezinzuzo zesixazululo esinjalo:

• uzosusa enye yezimbangela zekhanda;
• ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuzokwehla, nakuba kungenjalo kakhulu;
• amandla enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi azokhula kancane;
• uzogcina inani elihloniphekile lemali (ukukhipha i-SF ohlelweni nokuhlela kabusha iyunithi yokulawula i-elekthronikhi kuzobiza cishe u-$ 200).

Imiphumela engemihle:

• uma imoto ingaphansi kwewaranti, ungakhohlwa ngakho;
• ukwanda kokukhishwa kwe-soot ekukhipheni kuzobonakala ngeso lenyama;
• njengoba isiguquli se-catalytic sizophinde sinqanyulwe, ukukhishwa okuyingozi kwemoto yakho ngeke kulingane nanoma yiziphi izindinganiso;
• ikhwela elingemnandi le-turbine lingavela;
• ukulawula imvelo ngeke kukuvumele ukuthi weqe umngcele we-European Union;
• Ukukhanyisa kwe-ECU kuyodingeka, kungaba nemiphumela engalindelekile yokusebenza kwezinhlelo zezimoto ezihlukahlukene uma uhlelo luqukethe amaphutha noma lungahambisani ngokugcwele nale modeli ethile. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuqeda inkinga eyodwa, ungathola enye, noma isethi entsha.

Ngokuvamile, ukukhetha kuyindida. Kungcono ukuthenga nokufaka isihlungi esisha se-diesel particulate uma izimali zivuma. Futhi uma kungenjalo, zama ukuvuselela endala, zama ukushisa umsizi ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, futhi ugeze ngesandla. Hhayi-ke, shiya inketho yokususwa ngokomzimba njengendlela yokugcina, lapho wonke amanye amathuba esephelile.