Uyini umsebenzi wokupenda wemoto futhi yini ubukhulu bayo kumamodeli ahlukahlukene

Umzimba wemoto yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ebiza kakhulu yemoto. Izingxenye zalo zenziwe ngothayela wensimbi ngokugxivizwa, bese zifakwa zibe yinto eyodwa. Ukuvikela insimbi ekugqobeni, umsebenzi wokupenda wemoto usetshenziswa efektri, okusho ukuthi upende. Akuvikeli kuphela, kepha futhi kunikeza ukubukeka okuhle nobuhle. Impilo yesevisi yomzimba nemoto iyonke izoncika kakhulu kwikhwalithi yokumboza, ubukhulu bayo nokunakekelwa okulandelayo.

Ubuchwepheshe bokudweba izimoto efektri

Esitshalweni, inqubo yokudweba yenzeka ngezigaba eziningana ngokuhambisana nawo wonke amazinga. Umkhiqizi ngokuzimela ubeka ubukhulu bomsebenzi wokupenda, kodwa ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezidingo namazinga.

1. Okokuqala, insimbi yensimbi ifihliwe ngapha nangapha. Lokhu kuyivikela ekugqobeni uma kungenzeka kulimale umsebenzi wepende. Ngosizo lukagesi omile, ama-molecule e-zinc amboza insimbi, akha ungqimba olulinganayo ngosayizi wama-microns angu-5-10.
2. Ngemuva kwalokho umzimba uhlanzwa kahle futhi wehliswe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umzimba ucwiliswa ekugezeni nge-ejenti yokuhlanza, bese kufuthwa isixazululo se-degreasing. Ngemuva kokuwasha nokumisa, umzimba usulungele isinyathelo esilandelayo.
3. Okulandelayo, umzimba ufakwe i-phosphated noma i-primed. Izinhlobo kasawoti ze-phosphorus zakha ungqimba lwe-crystalline metal phosphate layer. I-primer ekhethekile iyasetshenziswa nasezinsikeni ezingezansi nezamasondo, ezakha ungqimba oluvikelayo ekushayweni ngamatshe.
4. Esigabeni sokugcina, kusetshenziswa ungqimba wopende uqobo. Isendlalelo sokuqala ngopende, kanti owesibili u-varnish, onika isicwebezelisi namandla. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa indlela ye-electrostatic, eyenza sikwazi ukusebenzisa i-coating efanayo.

Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuphinda ubuchwepheshe obunjalo ngaphandle kwezimo zefektri, ngakho-ke, umdwebo wobuciko (ngisho nekhwalithi ephezulu) noma ukupholisha okunamandla ngokuqinisekile kuzoshintsha ubukhulu bomdwebo, yize ngaphandle lokhu kungaqashelwa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kulabo abafuna ukuthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe.

Izigaba zokudweba umzimba eworkshop

Ukudweba umzimba ngokugcwele e-workshop kudla isikhathi futhi kuyabiza. Kuyadingeka lapho umsebenzi wokupenda ulimale kabi noma lapho umbala ushintsha. Kaningi, kwenziwa imidwebo yasendaweni yanoma yiziphi izinto ezilimele.

1. Esigabeni sokuqala, indawo iyalungiswa. Zonke izingxenye ezingadingekile ziyasuswa emzimbeni (izibambo, amalayili, amaphaneli wokuhlobisa, njll.). Izindawo ezilimele ziyakhishwa, indawo iyahlanzwa futhi yehliswe.
2. Isinyathelo esilandelayo sibizwa ngokuthi ukulungiselela. Iminonjana yokugqwala iyasuswa ebusweni, i-zinc phosphate noma inhlabathi yokwenziwa iyalashwa. Ingaphezulu linesihlabathi, kusetshenziswa i-primer ne-putty ezindaweni ezilimele. Yisigaba sokulungiselela esithatha isikhathi esiningi nomzamo.
3. Esigabeni sokugcina, kusetshenziswa upende no-varnish kusetshenziswa isibhamu sokufafaza. Inkosi ifaka upende ngezendlalelo eziningana, iwushiye wome. Bese ubuso buhlobiswa futhi buhlotshisiwe. I-varnish ivikela upende kusuka kumswakama, imisebe ye-ultraviolet kanye nemivimbo emincane.

Ukukhubazeka okungenzeka nokulimala

Ngemuva kokupenda, ukukhubazeka okuhlukahlukene kungahlala ngaphezulu. Zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• shagreen - ukubukeka okufana nesikhumba esigqoke ngokukhethekile;
• ama-drips - ukuqina okufana nokugeleza okwenziwe ngenxa yokudonsa ngopende;
• imibimbi - amafolda avamile;
• izingozi - imihuzuko evela kulusu;
• inclusions - izinhlayiya zangaphandle kupende;
• ama-shades ahlukene - imibala ehlukene yepende;
• ama-pores angama-punctate depressions.

Cishe akunakwenzeka ukugcina izinto zokupenda zemoto zisesimweni esifanele isikhathi eside. Izici ezahlukahlukene zingaphazamisa ubuqotho bayo. Kunzima ukuthola imoto engaphezu kweminyaka emibili ngaphandle kokulimala emsebenzini wokupenda.

Izici ezilandelayo zingathinta ungqimba wepende:

• umthelela wezemvelo (imvula, isichotho, ilanga, ukushintsha okungazelelwe kokushisa, izinyoni, njll.);
• amakhemikhali (ama-reagents emgwaqeni, iziphuzo ezonakalisayo);
• ukulimala kwemishini (ukuklwebheka, ukushaywa ngamatshe, ama-chips, imiphumela yengozi).

Umshayeli kufanele alandele imithetho yokunakekela umsebenzi wokupenda. Ngisho ukusula ngendwangu eyomile futhi eqinile kushiya imihuzuko emincane emzimbeni. Ukuhlanza okunolaka futhi okuvamile nakho kunganakwa.

Ungalihlola kanjani ikhwalithi

Ukukala ikhwalithi yomsebenzi wokupenda, kusetshenziswa umqondo onjengokunamathela. Indlela yokunquma ukunamathela ayisetshenziswanga kuphela imizimba, kodwa futhi nakwezinye izindawo lapho kusetshenziswa ungqimba womsebenzi wokupenda.

Ukunamathela kuqondwa njengokumelana nomsebenzi wepende wokuxebuka, ukubhibha nokuqhekeka.

Indlela yokunquma ukunamathela imi kanje. Kusetshenziswa insingo, kusikeka okungaphezulu okuyisithupha nokuvundlile okungaphezulu, okwakha i-mesh. Isikhala phakathi kwamanothi sizoya ngosayizi:

• kufika kuma-microns angama-60 - isikhawu esingu-1 mm;
• kusuka kuma-microns angama-61 kuya kwangu-120 - isikhawu esingu-2 mm;
• kusuka 121 kuya 250 - isikhawu 3 mm.

Umsebenzi wokupenda unqunywa ensimbi. Ngemuva kokufaka i-mesh, itheyiphu yokunamathisela inanyathiselwe phezulu. Bese kuthi, ngemuva kokuma imizuzwana engama-30, itheyiphu yokunamathela iqhamuke ngaphandle kokudlikiza. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa iqhathaniswa netafula. Konke kuncike ezingeni lokuphanjwa kwezikwele. Ukunamathela kukalwe ngamaphoyinti amahlanu. Ekunamatheleni kwe-zero, ukumbozwa kufanele kuhlale ngokulingana, ngaphandle kokuqhaqhazela noma ukuqina. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umsebenzi wokupenda usezingeni eliphakeme.

Kukhona futhi ithuluzi elikhethekile lokwenza isivivinyo - imitha yokubambelela. Ungasetha isikhawu esithile bese udweba igridi kalula.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zimingcele, umehluko wenziwa phakathi:

• isicwebezelisi sezinto zokupenda;
• izinga lobulukhuni nobulukhuni;
• ubukhulu.

Ubukhulu bezingubo zokupenda

Ukukala ukushuba kwepende, kusetshenziswa idivaysi yokulinganisa ubukhulu. Kuphakama imibuzo: kungani udinga ukwazi ubukhulu bomsebenzi wokupenda nokuthi kufanele kube yini ngemoto evela efektri?

Lapho uthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe, ukukala ubukhulu bomsebenzi wopende kunganquma izindawo ezipendwe kabusha, ngaleyo ndlela kukhonjwe izifinyezo zakudala neziphambeko okungenzeka ukuthi umthengisi akazazi.

Ubukhulu bomsebenzi wokupenda bulinganiswa ngama-microns. Usayizi wefektri cishe wazo zonke izimoto zesimanje usebangeni lama-microns angama-80-170. Amamodeli ahlukahlukene anemingcele ehlukile, esizoyinika etafuleni elingezansi.

Ongakucabanga Lapho Ukala

Lapho ulinganisa ubukhulu bomsebenzi wokupenda, kubalulekile ukucabangela amaphuzu athile:

1. Izilinganiso kufanele zithathwe endaweni ehlanzekile ngaphandle kokungcola.
2. Amanani etafuleni kwesinye isikhathi angahluka kancane kwizilinganiso zangempela. Isibonelo, ngezinga eliyi-100-120 µm, inani likhombisa u-130 µm endaweni ethile. Lokhu akusho ukuthi ingxenye isiphendiwe kabusha. Leli phutha liyamukeleka.
3. Uma inani liphakeme kunama-microns ayi-190, khona-ke le ngxenye icutshungulwe ngokunembile. Zingu-1% kuphela izimoto ezisezingeni eliphakeme ezinemisebenzi yokupenda edlula ama-microns angama-200. Uma inani lingu-300 microns, khona-ke lokhu kukhombisa ubukhona be-putty.
4. Izilinganiso kufanele ziqale kusuka ophahleni, ngoba le ndawo ayikho engcupheni futhi upende uzokwenziwa lapho. Thatha inani elivelile njengelangempela bese uqhathanisa namanye.
5. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngisho nasemotweni omusha, ukushuba ezindaweni kungahluka. Lokhu kuvamile. Isibonelo, i-hood ingama-microns ayi-140, kanti umnyango ungama-microns ayi-100-120.
6. Ubukhulu bezinto zangaphakathi ngokuvamile abudluli kuma-microns angama-40-80, ngoba lezi zindawo azidingi ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe ematsheni noma ezintweni ezinolaka.
7. Ikakhulukazi hlola ngokucophelela lezo zingxenye zomzimba ezichaphazeleka kakhulu emishikashikeni (bumper, fenders, iminyango, njll.).
8. Ukupholisha kushintsha ukushuba kancane, kepha i-vinyl namanye amafilimu avikelayo angakhuphula ubukhulu ngama-microns ayi-100-200.

Amathebula wobukhulu bepende ezimotweni ezahlukahlukene

Okulandelayo sethula amatafula ezinhlobonhlobo zezimoto, iminyaka yokwenziwa nopende obukhulu.

Acura, alfa romeo, audi, bmw

Yenza	Imodeli	Iminyaka yokwenziwa / komzimba	Ubuningi bepende, ama-microns
ACURA	I-TLX	IV 2008	105-135
	MDX	III 2013	125-140
	RDX	III 2013	125-140
Alfa Romeo	UGulietta	II 2010	170-225
	Inganekwane	2008	120-140
I-AUDI	I-А1	2010 - Nov (I)	125-170
	Mina	2012 - nv (8V)	120-140
	Mina	2003-2013 (8P)	80-100
	S3	2012 - nv	120-150
	I-S3 iyaguqulwa	2012 - nv	110-135
	I-А4	2015 - nv (B9)	125-145
	I-А4	2007-2015 (B8)	120-140
	I-А4	2004-2007 (B7)	100-140
	I-А4	2001-2005 (B6)	120-140
	S4	2012 - nv	125-145
	RS4	2012 - nv	120-140
	I-А5	2007 - nv	100-120
	S5	2011 - nv	130-145
	I-RS5 Cabrio	2014 - nv	110-130
	I-А6	2011 - nv (Q)	120-140
	I-А6	2004-2010 (C6)	120-140
	RS6	2012 - nv	110-145
	I-А7	2010 - nv	100-135
	RS7	2014 - nv	100-140
	I-А8	2010 - nv (04)	100-120
	I-А8	2003--2010 (D3)	100-120
	I-A8L	2013 - nv	105-130
	S8	2013 - nv	110-130
	Q3	2011 - nv	115-140
	I-RS Q3	2013 - nv	110-140
	Q5	2008 - nv	125-155
	SQ5	2014 - nv	125-150
	Q7	2015 - nv	120-160
	Q7	2006-2015	100-140
	TT	2014 - nv	100-115
	TT	2006-2014	105-130
	I-A4 allroad	U-2009 - nv.	120-150
BMW	1 kube	2011 - nv (F20)	120-140
	1 kube	2004-2011 (E81)	100-140
	2 kube	2014 - nv	105-140
	3 kube	2012 - nv (F30)	120-130
	3 kube	2005-2012 (F92)	110-140
	3 kube	1998-2005 (E46)	120-140
	4 kube	2014 - nv	115-135
	4 kube cabrio	2014 - nv	125-145
	5 kube	2010 - nv (F10)	90-140
	5 kube	2003-2010 (E60)	130-165
	5 kube	1995-2004 (E39)	140-160
	6 kube	2011 - nv (F06)	120-145
	6 kube	2003-2011 (E63)	120-145
	7 kube	2008-2015 (F01)	100-130
	7 kube	2001-2008 (E65)	120-160
	6T	2014 - nv	160-185
	Ml	2011 - nv (F20-F21)	110-135
	UM2	2015 - nv	105-140
	UM3	2011 - nv	105-135
	M4	2014 - nv	100-130
	MS	2010 - nv	90-140
	M6	2011 - nv	100-130
	X-1	2009-2015 (E84)	115-130
	X-3	2010 - nv (F25)	120-130
	X-3	2003-2010 (E83)	90-100
	X-3m	2015 - nv	100-120
	X-4	2014 - nv	120-130
	X-5	2013 - nv (F15)	100-125
	X-5	2006-2013 (E70)	140-160
	X-5	1999-2006 (E53)	110-130
	X-6	2014 - nv (F16)	120-165
	X-6	2008-2014 (E71)	110-160
	X-5m	2013 - nv (F85)	115-120
	X-5m	2006-2013 (E70)	140-160
	X-6m	2014 - nv (F86)	120-165
	X-6m	2008-2014 (E71)	110-160
	Z-4	2009 - okusha (E89)	90-130

I-Brilliance, i-BYD, i-Cadillac, iChangan, iChery, iChevrolet, iChrysler, iCitroen

Yenza	Imodeli	Iminyaka yokwenziwa / komzimba	Ubuningi bepende, ama-microns
UMBHALIZO	H230	2014 - nv	185-220
	H230 iHatchback	2015 - nv	165-195
	H530	2011 - nv	80-125
	V5	2014 - nv	170-190
BYD	F3	2006-2014	90-100
CADILLAC	ATS	2012 - nv	115-160
	BL5	2005-2010	110-150
	as	2014 - nv	105-160
	as	2007-2014	115-155
	as	2003-2007	120-150
	ekhuphuka	2015 - nv	140-150
	ekhuphuka	2006-2015	135-150
	ekhuphuka	2002-2006	120-170
	I-SRX	2010 - nv	125-160
	I-SRX	2004-2010	110-150
Ushintsho	I-Eado	2013 - nv	130-160
	CS 35	2013 - nv	160-190
	UReaton	2013 - nv	120-140
UKUPHILA	Bonus	2011 - Nov (A13)	100-125
	Very	2011 - Nov (A13)	100-125
	Ama-IndiS	2011 - nv (S180)	120-140
	UMil Sedan	2010 - Nov (A3)	90-120
	I-Mil	2010 - Nov (A3)	90-120
	Ibhonasi 3	2014 - Nov (A19)	110-130
	I-Arizzo	2014 - nv	105-140
	Amulet	2003-2013 (A15)	110-120
	I-Tigo	2006-2014 (T11)	120-140
	Wena 5	2014 - nv	110-130
I-CHEVROLET	ICamaro	2013 - nv	190-220
	I-trail blazer	2013 - nv	115-140
	Kwehla	2008 - nv	155-205
	Silverado	2013 - nv	120-140
	tahoe	2014 - nv	120-145
	tahoe	2006-2014	160-180
	Tracker	2015 - nv	115-150
	I-Soark	2010-2015	115-130
	I-Epic	2006-2012	90-100
	I-Lacetti	2004-2013	110-140
	ILanos	2005-2009	105-135
	I-Aveo	2012 - nv	150-170
	I-Aveo	2006-2012	80-100
	I-Cruze	2009-2015	135-165
	Cobalt	2013 - nv	115-200
	I-Captiva	2005-2015	115-140
	UNiva	2002 - nv	100-140
	Orlando	2011-2015	115-140
	URezzo	2004-2010	80-130
I-CHRYSLER	300C	2010 - nv	120-150
	300C	2004-2010	160-170
	IGreat Voyager	2007 - nv	155-215
	I-PT - i-cruiser	2000-2010	120-160
I-CITROEN	C4 isithombe	2014 - nv	120-140
	C4 isithombe	2007-2014	110-130
	Gxuma	2007 - nv	110-135
	Jumper	2007 - nv	105-120
	I-Berlingo	2008-2015	120-150
	I-Berlingo	2002-2012	110-140
	C3 isithombe	2009 - nv	I-85-100
	Xsara picasso	2000-2010	75-120
	I-C4 aircross	2012 - nv	105-125
	C-elysee	2013 - nv	105-145
	C - Ukuwela	2007-2013	55-90
	I-C4 sedan	2011 - nv	105-125
	I-DS3	2010-2015	90-150
	I-DS4	2012-2015	115-145
	C1	2005-2015	110-130
	C2	2003-2008	120-140
	C3	2010 - nv	90-120
	C3	2002-2009	90-120
	C4	2011 - nv	125-150
	C4	2004-2011	75-125
	C5	2007 - nv	110-130
	C5	2001-2008	110-140

IDaewoo, iDatsun, iDodge, iFiat, iFord, iGeely, iGreat Wall, i-DFM, i-FAW, iHaval

Yenza	Imodeli	Iminyaka yokwenziwa / komzimba	Ubuningi bepende, ama-microns
I-DAEWOO	Nexia	2008-2015	105-130
	UMatiz	2000-2015	100-110
	I-Gentra	2013 - nv	115-140
	ILanos	1997-2009	105-135
Datsun	ku-Do	2014 - nv	105-125
	mi Yenza	2015 - nv	105-125
I-DODGE	Ikhaladi	2006-2012	120-160
	yokubeka indlwana eyakhelwe amasondo	2007 - nv	150-180
FIAT	Mhlophe	2004-2012	115-130
	I-Dot	2005-2015	110-120
	UDoblo	2005-2014	105-135
	UDuchy	2007 - nv	85-100
	500	2007 - nv	210-260
	Fremont	2013 - nv	125-145
	isihlangu	2007 - nv	90-120
Ford	Gxila ku-3	2011 - nv	120-140
	Gxila ku-2	2005-2011	110-130
	Gxila ku-1	1999-2005	110-135
	Gxila ku-ST	2012 - nv	105-120
	Fiesta	2015 – нв (mk6 RUS)	120-150
	Fiesta	2008-2013 (mk6)	110-140
	Fiesta	2001-2008 (mk5)	85-100
	Fusion	2002-2012	75-120
	Eco - Ezemidlalo	2014 - nv	105-125
	Escape	2001-2012	105-145
	ukuhlola	2011 - nv	55-90
	I-Explorer Sport	2011 - nv	105-125
	Mondeo	2015 - nv	90-150
	Mondeo	2007-2015	115-145
	Mondeo	2000-2007	110-130
	Maverick	2000-2010	120-140
	I-C-Max	2010 – n.v	90-120
	I-C-Max	2003-2010	90-120
	I-S-Max	2006-2015	125-150
	I-Galaxy	2006-2015	75-125
	Kuga	2013 - nv	110-130
	Kuga	2008-2013	110-140
	I-Edge	2013-2015	105-130
	Stow	2012-2015	100-110
	Stow	2006-2012	115-140
	Ukudlula ngokwezifiso	105-135
	phasa	2014 - nv	105-125
	phasa	2000-2014	105-125
	Xhuma ukudlula	2002-2013	120-160
	I-Tourneo	2000-2012	150-180
	Ngokwezifiso zeTourneo	2013 - nv	115-130
	ITourneo Xhuma	2002-2013	110-120
IGEEL	I-Emgrand x7	2013 - nv	105-135
	Emgrand ec7	2009 - nv	85-100
	MK	2008-2014	210-260
	I-GC5 RV	2014	125-145
	Othando	2005 - nv	90-120
	I-Gc6	2014 - nv	120-140
Udonga Olukhulu	I-Wingle 5 entsha	2007 - nv	80-115
	M4	2013 - nv	110-140
	H5 entsha	2011 - nv	90-105
	I-H6 AT	2013 - nv	135-150
	I-Hover	2005-2010	130-150
I-DFM	Rich	2014 - nv	60-125
	V25	2014 - nv	80-105
	Impumelelo	2014 - nv	80-105
	H30 isiphambano	2014 - nv	115-130
	S30	2014 - nv	105-125
	AX7	2014 - nv	105-125
FAW	V5	2013 - nv	95-105
	I-Besturn B50	2012 - nv	100-120
	I-Bestum X80	2014 - nv	115-140
	I-Besturn B70	2014 - nv	125-150
I-HAVAL	H8	2014 - nv	170-200
	H6	2014 - nv	115-135
	H2	2014 - nv	120-140
	H9	2014 - nv	190-220
	Kuga	2013 - nv	110-130
	Kuga	2008-2013	110-140

IHonda, iHyundai, i-Infinity, iJaguar, iJeep, i-KIA, iLada (ЗАЗ), iLand Rover, iRover, iLexus, iLincoln, iLifan, iMazda

Yenza	Imodeli	Iminyaka yokwenziwa / komzimba	Ubuningi bepende, ama-microns
IHONDA	Accord	2013-2015	130-150
	Accord	2008-2013	155-165
	Accord	2002-2008	130-145
	CR-V	2012 - nv	95-125
	CR-V	2007-2012	80-100
	CR-V	2002-2007	90-120
	Civic	2012 - nv	110-130
	Civic	2006-2012	90-130
	I-Civic 4D	2006-2008	115-140
	Civic	2000-2006	100-130
	Kwenzenjani	2011-2015	110-140
	Fit	2001-2008	85-100
	Jazz	2002-2012	85-100
	Aria	110-115
	Legend	2008-2012	120-160
	Pilot	2006-2015	110-135
HYUNDAI	I-Accent	2006-2015	110-130
	Elantra	2006-2015	110-135
	Elantra	2012 - nv	105-120
	Elantra	2015 – нв (mk6 RUS)	120-150
	Sonata	2008-2013 (mk6)	110-140
	I-Sonata NF	2001-2008 (mk5)	85-100
	Sonata	2002-2012	I-75-120
	I-Equus	2014 - nv	105-125
	Usayizi	2001-2012	I-105-145
	Genesise	2011 - nv	55-90
	Genesise	2011 - nv	105-125
	I-Getz	2015 - nv	90-150
	Matrix	2007-2015	115-145
	ISanta Fe Classic	2000-2007	110-130
	Santa Fe	2000-2010	120-140
	Santa Fe	2010 - nv	90-120
	Solaris	2003-2010	90-120
	Solaris	2006-2015	125-150
	IGrand Santa Fe	2006-2015	75-125
	IStarex	2013 - nv	110-130
	Tucson	2008-2013	110-140
	ITucson Entsha	2016 - nv	90-120
	I-Veloster	2012 - nv	105-130
	I20	2008-2016	100-120
	I30	2012 - nv	95-120
	I30	2007-2012	100-130
	I40	2012 - nv	105-140
	ix35	2010 - nv	105-125
INFINITI	I-QX70 / FX37	2008 - nv	95-130
	I-QX80 / QX56	2010 - nv	115-145
	I-QX50 / EX25	2007 - nv	115-125
	I-Q50	2013 - nv	130-140
	QX60	2014 - nv	120-140
	FX35	2002-2008	110-120
JAGUAR	Uhlobo lwe-F	2013 - nv	95-130
	Uhlobo lwe-S	1999-2007	130-180
	Uhlobo lwe-X	2001-2010	100-126
	XE	2015 - nv	115-150
	XF	2007-2015	120-145
	XJ	2009 - nv	85-125
Jeep	Ikhampasi	2011 - nv	125-145
	Cherokee	2014 - nv	90-120
	Cherokee	2007-2013	120-140
	I-cherokee enkulu	2011 - nv	80-115
	I-cherokee enkulu	2004-2010	110-140
	I-Rubicon	2014 - nv	90-105
	Wrangler	2007 - nv	135-150
I-KIA	UCed	2012 - nv	100-130
	UCed	2006-2012	115-125
	ICed GT	2014 - nv	105-125
	Cerato	2013 - nv	105-140
	Cerato	2009-2013	100-140
	Optima	2010-2016	115-130
	kweCeed	2007-2014	110-125
	okubabayo	2011 - nv	95-120
	hamba	2008 - nv	110-130
	I-Quoris	2013 - nv	150-180
	Rio	2005-2011	105-125
	Rio	2011 – n.v	100-130
	I-Spectra	2006-2009	125-160
	I-Sportage	2015 - nv	100-135
	I-Sportage	2010-2015	95-120
	I-Sportage	2004-2010	100-140
	I-Sorento	2009-2015	115-120
	I-Sorento	2002-2009	115-150
	I-Sorento Prime	2015 - nv	180-200
	Soul	2014 - nv	100-120
	Soul	2008-2014	115-135
	Woza	2011 - nv	105-125
Lada	2107	2014 - nv	120-140
	2109	2002-2008	110-120
	2110	2013 - nv	95-130
	2112	1999-2007	130-180
	2114-15	2001-2010	100-126
	I-Prioress	2015 - nv	115-150
	I-Largus	2007-2015	120-145
	UKalina	2009 - nv	85-125
	UKalina 2	2011 - nv	125-145
	IKalina Sport	2014 - nv	90-120
	Kalina isiphambano	2007-2013	120-140
	Isiphambano seLargus	2011 - nv	80-115
	Nikeza	2004-2010	110-140
	IGranta Sport	2014 - nv	90-105
	IGranta Hatchback	2007 - nv	135-150
	I-4X4 Niva 3d	2012 - nv	100-130
	I-4X4 Niva 5d	2006-2012	115-125
	Vesta	2014 - nv	105-125
	X-Ray	2013 - nv	105-140
UMHLANGANO WESANDLA	I-Freelander	2009-2013	100-140
	Ukutholwa	2010-2016	115-130
	Ukutholwa	2007-2014	110-125
	Ukutholwa Kwezemidlalo	2011 - nv	95-120
	I-RangeRover	2008 - nv	110-130
	I-RangeRoverVogue	2013 - nv	150-180
	IRanoe Rover Sport	2005-2011	105-125
	IRange Rover SVR	2013 - nv	130-170
	I-Renge Rover Evogue	2011 - nv	135-150
I-ROVER	Isibonelo se-75	1999-2004	130-150
I-LEXUS	Ст200H	2011 - nv	145-175
	ES	2006 - nv	140-145
	GS	2012 - nv	160-185
	GS	2005-2012	120-160
	GX	2002 - nv	125-150
	IS	2013 - nv	150-185
	IS	2005-2013	170-190
	IS	1999-2005	110-120
	LS	2000 - nv	125-150
	LX	1999-2005	140-145
	NX	2014 - nv	135-165
	RX	2009-2015	115-150
	RX	2003-2009	I-140-145
	RX okusha	2016 - nv	125-135
I-LINCOLN	Navigator	110-130
	LS	2004-2010	119-127
I-LIFAN	X60	2012 - nv	85-105
	Emamatheka	2011 - nv	95-110
	UCelliya	2014 - nv	75*100
	USolano	2010 - nv	95-110
	UCebra	2014 - nv	90-110
I-MAZDA	2	2007-2014	115-125
	3	2012 - nv	100-130
	3	2006-2012	115-125
	3	2014 - nv	105-125
	5	2013 - nv	105-140
	5	2005-2010	80-100
	6	2012 - nv	80-110
	6	2007-2012	110-130
	6	2002-2007	100-140
	I-CX-5	2011 - nv	100-120
	I-CX-7	2006-2012	85-120
	I-CX-9	2007-2016	90-120
	Tribute	2000-2007	85-120

IMercedes-Benz, Mini, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Opel, Peugeot, Porsche, Renault, Saab, Seat, Skoda

Yenza	Imodeli	Iminyaka yokwenziwa / komzimba	Ubuningi bepende, ama-microns
I-Mercedes-Benz	Isigaba	U-2012 – n.v (w176)	90-130
	Isigaba	2004-2012 (w169)	90-115
	B isigaba	U-2011 – n.v (w246)	90-115
	B isigaba	U-2005-2011 (W245)	90-110
	C isigaba	U-2014 – n.v (w205)	120-140
	C isigaba	U-2007-2015 (W204)	110-170
	C isigaba	U-2000-2007 (W203)	110-135
	CL - Isigaba	2007-2014 (C216)	100-140
	CL - Isigaba	1999-2006 (C215)	115-140
	I-CLA - Isigaba	2013 – n.v (S117)	100-130
	I-CLS - iKlasse	U-2011 – n.v (W218)	110-140
	I-CLS - iKlasse	2004 - okwamanje (C219)	115-130
	CLK - Isigaba	U-2002-2009 (W209)	120-140
	E - Klasse	U-2009-2016 (W212)	110-140
	E - Klasse	U-2002-2009 (W211)	230-250
	E - IKlasse Coupe	2010 - okwamanje (C207)	110-130
	G - isigaba	U-1989 – n.v (W463)	120-140
	I-GLA - Isigaba	2014 – n.v	90-120
	GL - Isigaba	2012 - okwamanje (X166)	90-100
	GL - Isigaba	2006–2012 (X164)	120-140
	I-GLE - Isigaba	2015 – n.v	120-150
	WI - isigaba coupe	2015 – n.v	120-150
	I-GLK - Klasse	2008–2015 (X204)	135-145
	I-GLS - Isigaba	2016 – n.v	120-140
	Isigaba se-ML	U-2011-2016 (W166)	100-135
	Isigaba se-ML	U-2005-2011 (W164)	100-130
	Isigaba se-ML	1997-2005 (W-163)	110-140
	Isigaba se-S	U-2013 – n.v (W222)	110-120
	S - isigaba	U-2005-2013 (W221)	80-125
	Isigaba se-S	U-1998-2005 (W220)	110-140
	Isigaba se-SL	2011 – n.v (R231)	105-120
	Vito	U-2014 – n.v (W447)	100-130
	I-Sprinter Classic	2003 – n.v	90-100
	Sprinter	2008 – n.v	80-100
MINI	UPaceman	2012 – n.v	115-130
	Cooper	2006-2014	105-115
	I-Coupe	2011 – n.v	I-95-120
	Roadster	2012 – n.v	90-110
	Umuntu wezwe	2010 – n.v	100-120
IMITSUBISHI	ASX	2015 – n.v	100-135
	I-Carisma	2010-2015	95-120
	I-Colt	2004-2010	100-140
	1200	2009-2015	115-120
	L200Okusha	2002-2009	115-150
	Phonsa 9	2003-2007	I-100-120
	Phonsa u-X	2007 – n.v	I-95-120
	Outlander	2008-2014	115-135
	I-OutlanderXL	2011 – n.v	105-125
	I-Outlander Samurai	2014 – n.v	120-140
	pajero	2002-2008	110-120
	IPajero Sport	2013 – n.v	I-95-130
I-NISSAN	I-Almera	2013 – n.v (G15)	130-150
	I-Almera	2000-2006 (N16)	100-130
	I-Almera Classic	2006-2013	120-140
	I-Bluebird Sylphy	I-140-160
	UJuke	2010-2016	115-135
	UMikra	2003–2010 (K13)	100-120
	murano	2008-2016 (Z51)	95-110
	murano	2002-2008 (Z50)	105-160
	UNavara	2005--2015 (D40)	120-135
	Note	2005-2014	110-140
	I-Pathfinder	2014 – n.v	100-120
	I-Pathfinder	2004-2014	135-175
	Patrol	2010 – n.v	110-115
	Patrol	1997-2010	80 100
	I-Primera	2002-2007 (P12)	90-110
	Qashqai	2013 – n.v (J11)	100-120
	Qashqai	2007-2013 (J10)	110-135
	I-Qashqai +2	2010-2013	110-140
	I-Sentra	2012 – n.v	100-120
	Theana	2014 – n.v	100-130
	Theana	2008-2014	110-135
	Theana	2003-2008	110-130
	I-Terrano	2014 – n.v	115-155
	ithida	2004-2014	120-140
	Tiida Okusha	2015 – n.v	100-110
	I-X-Trail	2015 – n.v	100-130
	I-X-Trail	2007-2015	105-130
	I-GTR	2008 – n.v	170-185
VULA	I-Astra OPC	J 2011-2015	120-155
	I-Astra GTC	J 2011-2015	115-140
	I-Insignia OPC	Mina 2013–2015	105-150
	I-Insignia SW	Mina 2013–2015	90-130
	uhlanga	D 2010-2014	115-120
	UZafira	2005-2011	115-120
	Insignia	Mina 2008–2015	100-140
	IMeriva	2010-2015	125-140
	I-Astra	H 2004-2015	110-157
	I-Astra SW	J 2011-2015	120-160
	I-Astra sedan	J 2011-2015	110-130
	UMocha	2012-2015	110-130
	UZafira tourer	C 2012-2015	95-135
	I-Vectra	C 2002-2008	110-160
	Antara	2006-2015	100-140
	Omega	2008	100-112
PEUGEOT	107	2005-2014	90-120
	206	1998-2006	130-150
	206 ISedan	1998-2012	120-152
	207	2006-2013	119-147
	208	2013 – n.v	165-180
	2008	2014 – n.v	140-160
	301	2013 – n.v	105-130
	307	2001-2008	108-145
	308	2008-2015	100-120
	I-308 Entsha	2015 – n.v	110-160
	3008	2009 – n.v	100-145
	407	2004-2010	100-120
	408	2012 – n.v	100-115
	4008	2012-2016	60-100
	508	2012 – n.v	110-150
	Partner	2007 – n.v	100-120
	Uchwepheshe	2007 – n.v	95-115
	I-RCZ	2010 – n.v	115-145
I-PORSCHE	IBoxter s	2012-2016 (981)	95-116
	UCayene	2010 – n.v (988)	120-140
	UCayene	2002-2010 (955)	120-140
	IMacan	2013 – n.v	116-128
	I-Panamera	2009 – n.v	110-140
Renault	Logan	2014 – n.v	130-155
	Logan	2004-2015	120-150
	USandero	2014 – n.v	130-155
	USandero	2009-2014	110-130
	USandero istepway	2010-2014	145-160
	Megane	2009 – n.v	125-145
	Megane	2003-2009	115-135
	IMegane RS	2009 – n.v	170-240
	Fluence	2010 – n.v	130-155
	Clio	2005-2012	130-150
	uphawu	2008-2012	90-120
	Laguna	2007-2015	130-160
	UKoleos	2008-2015	130 - 150
	idasta	2011 – n.v	130-165
INGABE	9-3	2002-2012	110-130
	9-5	1997-2010	130-150
SEAT	Leon	III 2013	130 - 145
	ULeon ST	III 2013	170- 200
	ULeon Cupra	II 2009	130-160
	Alhambra	II 2010	140-155
	Ibiza	IV 2012	105-130
SKODA	UFabia	2007-2015	130-155
	I-Octavia	2013 – n.v	160-190
	I-Octavia	2004-2013	160-180
	Okusheshayo	2012 – n.v	160-193
	U-Roomster	2006-2015	110-130
	Yeti	2009 – n.v	140-180
	Okuhle kakhulu	2015 – n.v	125-150
	Okuhle kakhulu	2008-2015	110-140

Ssang Yong, Subaru, Suzuki, Tesla, Toyota, Volkswagen, Volvo, GAZ, UAZ

Yenza	Imodeli	Iminyaka yokwenziwa / komzimba	Ubuningi bepende, ama-microns
Ssangyong	I-Actyon	2010 – n.v	110-140
	I-Kyron	2005 – n.v	100-110
	I-Rexton	2002 – n.v	120-150
I-SUBARU	I-BRZ	2012-2016	110-160
	Forester	2013 – n.v	100-140
	Forester	2008-2013	105-140
	Iphathi	2012 – n.v	110-140
	Iphathi	2005-2012	125-140
	I-WRX	2014 – n.v	85-130
	I-WRX STI	2005-2014	115-150
	Legacy	2009-2014	110-140
	Legacy	2003-2009	110-115
	I-Outback	2015 – n.v	110-130
	I-Outback	2009-2014	115-130
	XV	2011 – n.v	110-155
	Tribeca	2005-2014	140-170
ISSZUKI	SX4	2006-2016	120-135
	SX4 Kusha	2013 – n.v	115-125
	Swift	2010-2015	115-135
	UVitara	2014 – n.v	90-120
	I-Vitara enkulu	2005 – n.v	95-120
	Jimmy	1998 – n.v	100-130
	Splash	2008-2015	90-115
Tesla	Isibonelo S	2012 – n.v	140-180
I-Toyota	I-Alphard	2015 – n.v	100-140
	I-Alphard	2008-2014	105-135
	I-Auris	2012 - okwamanje (E160)	100-130
	I-Auris	2007-2012 (E140)	115-130
	I-Avensis	2009-2015 (T260)	80-120
	I-Avensis	2003-2009 (T240)	80-110
	ICelica	1999-2006 (T230)	120-145
	Camry	U-2011 – n.v (XV50)	120-145
	Camry	2006-2011 (XV40)	125-145
	Camry	2001-2006 (XV30)	120-150
	I-Corolla	2013 - okwamanje (E170)	100-130
	I-Corolla	2006-2013 (E150)	90-110
	I-Corolla	2001-2007 (E120)	100-130
	ICorolla Hatchback	2010 – n.v	110-140
	ICorolla Verso	2005 – n.v	100-110
	I-Rexton	2002 – n.v	120-150
	GT86	2012-2016	110-160
	I-Hilux	2013 – n.v	100-140
	Highlander	2008-2013	105-140
	Highlander	2007-2014 (U40)	135-150
	I-Land cruiser 100	1997-2007	110-135
	I-Land cruiser 200	2007 – n.v	120-160
	ILand Cruiser Prado 120	2002-2009	80-110
	ILand Cruiser Prado 150	2009 – n.v	110-135
	I-Prius	2009-2015	80-110
	I-Prius	2003-2009	110-120
	I-Rav 4	2013 – n.v	115-140
	I-Rav 4	2006-2013	80-110
	I-Rav 4	2000-2005	80-100
	UVenza	2009 – n.v	120-160
	I-Verso	2012 – n.v	175-210
	I-Yaris	2005-2011	80-95
	Sienna	115-125
	Fortuner	110-125
Volkswagen	Amarok	2010 – n.v	115-135
	I-Beetle	2013 – n.v	150-220
	Okuhle	1998-2005	120-145
	I-Caravelle	2009-2015	105-135
	Golf	2013 – n.v (MkVII)	100-130
	Golf	2009-2012 (MkVI)	80-120
	Golf	2003-2009 (MkV)	120-140
	Golf	1997-2003 (MkIV)	120-140
	IGalofu Pluse	2009-2014	120-140
	I-Jetta	2011 – n.v (MkVI)	140-155
	I-Jetta	2005-2011 (MkV)	120-140
	I-Multivan	2015 – n.v	90-135
	Passat	U-2015 – n.v (B8)	180-220
	Passat	2011-2016 (B7)	110-130
	Passat	2005-2011 (B6)	120-140
	I-CC edlule	2008 – n.v	120-130
	USirocco	2009-2016	125-145
	caddy	2013	115-130
	polo	2014	110-130
	I-Polo sedan
	I-Tiguan	2011	190-220
	I-Touareg hybrid	2014	180-200
	Touareg	2013	130-215
	I-Touran
	Abathuthi
	Umqambi
I-VOLVO	C30	2013	105-140
	S40
	V40
	V50
	S60	2003	110-130
	S60	II 2011	95-115
	V70
	S80	2013	105-140
	I-XC60	2013	115-135
	I-XC70	2013	105-140
	I-XC90	2013	115-135
GESI	I-Cyber	2008	90-105
	31105	2006	80
	Kuyathunyelwa
	I-Gazelle
	I-Gazelle Okulandelayo
I-UAZ	Hunter
	I-Patriot

Amathiphu Okunakekela

Ngokwesilinganiso, umenzi unikeza iwaranti yeminyaka emithathu yomsebenzi wokupenda, kepha kunama-nuances amaningi angahle angaweli ngaphansi kwezimo. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukunakekela kahle ukugqoka. Ngakho-ke kuzohlala isikhathi eside. Nawa amanye amathiphu:

• ungasuli ukungcola okomile ngendwangu eyomile;
• ungashiyi imoto ngaphansi kwelanga isikhathi eside, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kunomthelela omubi kupende, kuyaphela;
• imbewu kapopula ikhipha inhlaka, egqwala upende lapho ifuthelana, ayifaki imoto ngaphansi kompopula;
• Ubhontshisi bejuba buyingozi kakhulu futhi buqeda nopende;
• kaningi ukufaka ipholishi evikelayo efana nengilazi engamanzi, lokhu kuzodala ungqimba olwengeziwe;
• ungavami ukubhenela ekupholiseni ulwelwesi, ngoba lokhu kususa ama-microns amaningi enamathela;
• sebenzisa imoto ngokucophelela, ungayiklwebhi ngamagatsha, njll.

Umsebenzi wokupenda, njengomzimba, ungenye yezinto ezibiza kakhulu emotweni. Isimo sopende singatshela okuningi ngemoto. Ukulinganisa okulungile kobukhulu nokuhlolwa kwesimo sepende kuzosiza ekunqumeni ukuthengwa kwemoto esetshenzisiwe.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Upende kufanele ube mkhulu kangakanani emotweni? Upende wefekthri kuwo wonke amamodeli wezimoto unobukhulu obuphakathi kwama-microns angama-90 kuye kwangama-160. Lokhu kuhlangene nejazi le-primer, upende wesisekelo kanye ne-varnish.

Indlela yokulinganisa kahle ubukhulu bepende? Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa igeji yokuqina. Ukuze unqume kahle ungqimba lwawo wonke umdwebo wokupenda lapho uthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe, udinga ukuhlola ubukhulu ezindaweni eziningana zemoto (uphahla, iminyango, ama-fenders).

Mangaki ama-microns ngemva kokudweba? Kuya ngesizathu somdwebo. Uma umshini ushaywa, kuzoba nongqimba lwe-putty. I-gauge yokuqina izokhombisa ukushuba kwalolu ungqimba futhi (inquma ibanga lensimbi).