Yini i-torque futhi kungani i-torque ibaluleke ngaphezu kwamandla wehhashi?

Kubathandi bezimoto, kwenziwa ukuqhathanisa okungaguquki, oku injini yayo ipholile. Futhi into yokuqala edonsela ukunaka ngamandla wehhashi. Babalwa kanjani ukubuyekeza okuhlukile.

Ipharamitha elandelayo okwenziwa ngayo ukuqhathanisa "yi-gluttony" yemoto, ishesha kangakanani, futhi ishesha kangakanani. Kepha bambalwa abantu abanaka i-torque. Futhi ngeze. Kungani? Ake sikuthole.

Yini i-torque?

I-Torque ibhekisa kuzimpawu zokudonswa kwemoto. Le parameter ingatshela ngaphezu kwamandla wehhashi. Kunemingcele emibili ye-torque:

• Kumasondo emoto - amandla ahambisa imoto;
• Enjinini, amandla akhishwa engxenyeni eshisiwe yamafutha omoya kuya episton, nangayo ukusuka kuyo ngenduku yokuxhuma iye kulowo mgwaqo we-crankshaft. Le pharamitha ikhombisa ukuthi amandla weyunithi anamandla kangakanani.

I-torque eshayela amasondo ayilingani ne-torque eyenziwe enjinini. Ngakho-ke, le pharamitha ayithonyelwa kuphela ingcindezi ku-piston ku-cylinder, kodwa futhi nangejubane lokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft, isilinganiso segiya ekudlulisweni, ubukhulu begiya elikhulu, ubukhulu bamasondo, njll. .

Amandla enjini, akhonjiswa emibhalweni yezobuchwepheshe yemodeli ngayinye, inani lesikhathi esinikezwe amasondo. Ngenkathi i-torque kungumzamo osetshenzisiwe ku-lever (crankshaft crank).

I-torque yenjini ilinganiswa ngamamitha we-Newton futhi ikhombisa amandla wokuzungezwa kwe-crankshaft. Le yunithi ikhombisa ukuthi ingakanani ukumelana nezinguquko zamakhaza ezokwazi ukunqoba.

Isibonelo, imoto ingaba namandla (amandla okujikeleza amasondo), kodwa lesi sibalo sizotholakala kuphela nge-rpm ephakeme, ngoba amandla asebenza kuma-cranks mancane. Ukuze imoto enenjini enjalo ikwazi ukuthwala imithwalo noma idonse inqola enzima, umshayeli udinga ukuletha injini ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu ngokuqina. Kepha lapho kusheshiswa, imoto enejubane elikhulu izofika kahle.

Kodwa-ke kukhona izimoto, isilinganiso sokudlulisa esingabavumeli ukuba bahambe ngesivinini esikhulu, kepha ukugxila kuzo kunenkomba ephezulu esevele isezingeni eliphansi. Imoto enjalo izofakwa emalolini nakumaSUV agcwele.

Ngejubane eliphansi, yisho uma ungekho emgwaqeni, umshayeli kungenzeka angakhathazeki ngokuthi imoto yakhe izoma uma engayiphenduli injini ibe yi-rpm ephezulu ngegiya lokuqala. Ukufuduka kwenjini akuthinti i-torque ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ake sibheke isibonelo esincane. Ake siqhathanise ukusebenza kwezinjini ezimbili ngokuhamba okufanayo:

Uhlobo lwenjini -	BMW 535i	bmw 530d
Ivolumu:	I-3,0 l.	I-3,0 l.
Amandla amakhulu ku-crankshaft rpm:	306 hp kutholakala ebangeni kusuka ku-5,8-6,0 ayizinkulungwane ngomzuzu.	258 h.p. isivele itholakala ku-4 thousand
Umkhawulo we-torque	400Nm. ebangeni eliphakathi kuka-1200-5000 ngomzuzu.	560Nm. Phakathi kuka-1500 no-3000 rpm.

Ngakho-ke, ukukala lezi zinkomba kuzosiza umshayeli anqume ukuthi iyiphi injini yamandla okufanele ifakwe emotweni yakhe, kuye ngezimo zokusebenza. I-535i izoshesha, ngakho-ke kuthrekhi, imoto eneyunithi yamandla enjalo izofinyelela ngesivinini esiphezulu kune-530d. Akunandaba ukuthi umshayeli uyiphotha kanjani imoto yesibili, isivinini sayo ngeke sibe ngaphezulu kune-analogue yokuqala.

Kodwa-ke, lapho ungekho emgwaqeni, lapho ushayela umqansa, uhambisa imithwalo, umthwalo osuka kusisindo esingeziwe noma ukumelana nokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft kuzophoqelela umnikazi we-ICE yokuqala ukuthi andise inguquko. Uma iyunithi isebenza kule modi isikhathi eside, izoshisa ngokushesha.

Enye ipharamitha encike enanini le-torque ukuqina kwemoto. Ngokuphakama kwaleli nani, ubushelelezi iyunithi izosebenza, futhi ngesikhathi sokusheshisa ngeke ibe namajezi, ngoba ishalofu le-torque liphansi kakhulu. Lapho, ku-analogue enenjini encane, lapho umshayeli ejika khona i-crankshaft, udinga ukugcina inani elithile lezinguquko ukuze ubushelelezi. Isibonisi kufanele sisondele ngangokunokwenzeka ku-torque ephakeme lapho igiya elilandelayo libandakanyeka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzoba nokulahleka kwejubane.

Kungani imoto idinga i-torque

Ngakho-ke, sithole amatemu nokuqhathanisa. I-torque ephezulu ibaluleke kakhulu ezimotweni ezithengiswayo ngoba imvamisa kufanele zithwale imithwalo esindayo, edala ukumelana okwengeziwe nokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft.

Kodwa-ke, ngezimoto ezilula, le nkomba ayibalulekile kangako. Nasi isibonelo esisodwa. Imoto ime emarobhothini. Injini yayo ibuthakathaka - i-torque ejwayelekile yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi itholakala kuphela ngezinguquko eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-3-4. Imoto yehla kwi-handbrake. Ukuvimbela imoto ukuthi ingami, umshayeli kudingeka ayishinise kancane kancane kunasemgwaqweni oyisicaba. Bese ededela kahle bamba futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ibhuleki lesandla.

Imoto imile ngoba umshayeli ubengakajwayeli izici zemoto yakhe. Kepha ezimweni eziningi, abashayeli babhekana nalesi simo - bamane baphotha kakhulu injini yangaphakathi yomlilo. Futhi kuzokwenzekani emotweni uma kunamasilayidi amaningi anjalo anamalambu omgwaqo edolobheni? Ngemuva kwalokho ukushisa kuyaqinisekiswa.

Ukufingqa:

• I-torque enkulu nge-rpm ubuncane - ikhono lomshini lokuqalisa kalula, lithwala imithwalo, kepha ijubane eliphezulu lizohlupheka. Lokho kushiwo, amandla amasondo kungenzeka angabaluleki kangako. Thatha isibonelo, i-VAZ 2108 ngamandla ayo angama-54 kanye nogandaganda we-T25 (wamahhashi angama-25). Yize uhlobo lwesibili lwezokuthutha lunamandla amancane, awukwazi ukudonsa igeja kuLada;
• Ishalofu le-torque nge-rpm ephakathi nendawo ephezulu - ikhono lemoto ukusheshisa ngokushesha futhi ube nejubane eliphakeme kakhulu.

Indima yamandla ku-torque

Ungacabangi ukuthi i-torque manje iyipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu. Konke kuncike kulokho umshayeli akulindele ehhashini lakhe lensimbi. Lezi zinkomba zizosiza umnikazi wemoto wesikhathi esizayo ukuthi anqume ukuthi imoto izoziphatha kanjani ezimweni ezihlukile zomgwaqo.

Ngamafuphi, amandla abonisa ukuthi i-motor isebenza kahle kangakanani, futhi i-torque izoba umphumela walo msebenzi ekusebenzeni.

Ake siqhathanise imoto yokugijima neloli lokuthwala. Ngemoto yezemidlalo, inkomba yamandla ibalulekile - ukuthi i-torque icutshungulwa kanjani ngu-gearbox. Ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu (ukuqaliswa kwamasondo), le moto izokwazi ukusheshisa ngokushesha futhi ifinyelele ijubane eliphakeme kakhulu. Kulokhu, izinjini ziyakwazi ukusonta ngamandla kakhulu - kufika ezinkulungwaneni eziyi-8 noma ngaphezulu.

Iveni, ngokuphambene nalokho, ayidingi ijubane elikhulu, ngakho-ke u-gearbox waklanyelwe ukuthi i-torque evela enjinini isatshalaliswe ukwandisa izici zokudonsa.

Ungayandisa kanjani i-torque?

Lo msebenzi awukwazi ukwenziwa ngaphandle kokungenela ekwakhiweni kweyunithi yamandla kagesi. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela ezibiza kakhulu nezabhajethi. Esimweni sokuqala, ukwanda kwenkomba kuzobonakala. Kodwa-ke, ukukhishwa kwalolo hlobo ukuthi impilo yokusebenza yenjini inciphe kakhulu. Ukulungiswa kweyunithi ephoqelelwe nakho kuzobiza imali ethe xaxa, "ukuminza" kwayo kuzokwanda futhi.

Lezi izinketho zokuthuthuka ezibizayo ezitholakalayo ngemoto ejwayelekile:

• Ukufakwa kwengcindezi yenjini efiselekayo ngokwemvelo. Kungaba i-turbine noma i-compressor. Ngalokhu kukhuphula, amandla namandla ne-torque ayanda. Lo msebenzi uzodinga ukutshalwa kwemali okuhle ukuthenga imishini eyengeziwe, ukukhokhela umsebenzi wochwepheshe (uma umnikazi wemoto ebumnyameni ngokuhlelwa kwendlela yokusebenza nomsebenzi wabo, khona-ke kungcono ukubeka inqubo kochwepheshe );
• Ukufaka imodeli yenjini ehlukile. Ngaphambi kokunquma ngesimanjemanje semoto yakho, udinga ukwenza izibalo eziningi ekukhetheni kweyunithi efanele imoto ethile. Imvamisa, ngaphezu kokufaka imoto entsha, kuzodingeka ukuthi kushintshwe indawo yemishini eyengeziwe. Uma uhlelo lwe-elekthronikhi lulawulwa yunithi yokulawula, kuzodingeka futhi ukuthi lushintshwe futhi lulungiswe ekusebenzeni kwemishini ekhona. Futhi lokhu kumane nje kuyisiqongo seqhwa;
• Ukuphoqa imoto. Ukubuyekezwa kukuvumela ukuthi ushintshe ukwakheka nedivayisi yeyunithi yamandla. Isibonelo, ungandisa ivolumu yayo, ufake i-camshaft ehlukile ne-crankshaft, ama-piston ahlukene nezinduku zokuxhuma. Konke kuncike ekutheni umnikazi wemoto uzimisele ukukhokha malini ngomsebenzi wezingcweti. Njengasesimweni esedlule, ngaphambi kokuthuthuka, kuzofanele usebenzise imali ukubala amapharamitha alindelekile nokuthi ukufakwa kwezinto ezithile kungasilungisa isimo.

Uma kungenakwenzeka ukwaba imali enkulu yenqubo yokulungiselela nokulungisa, kepha kunesidingo esikhulu sokwanda kwe-torque, khona-ke kunezindlela ezishibhile.

Isibonelo, umnikazi wemoto angenza lezi zinguquko ezilandelayo:

• Ukulungisa i-chip. Mayelana nokuthi iyini nokuthi lokhu kwesimanje kunezinzuzo nobubi, utshele ngokwehlukana... Ngamafuphi, ochwepheshe bayaphazamisa isoftware yeyunithi yokulawula, bashintshe izilungiselelo zayo, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli nejubane le-crankshaft;
• Ukudla kwesimanje okuphindaphindiwe. Kulokhu, uhlelo luthathelwa indawo ngolunye, olusebenza kahle kakhulu, noma isihlungi esinokumelana no-zero sifakiwe. Indlela yokuqala inyusa ukugeleza komoya okungenayo, kanti eyesibili inciphisa ukumelana kokunikezwa kwesabelo esilandelayo. Kuyafaneleka ukucabangela ukuthi ukucwengwa okunjalo kudinga ulwazi olunembile nokubala. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungalimaza injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngokuphelele;
• Ukuvuselelwa kohlelo lokukhipha. Njengasendleleni edlule, ulwazi oluhle lokusebenza kohlelo lokukhipha luyadingeka. Emotweni ejwayelekile, izinto ezifakiwe zivimbela ukukhishwa kwamahhala kwe-qeda. Lokhu kwenziwa ngenxa yamazinga ezemvelo, kanye nokunciphisa umsindo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kweyunithi, kepha kwenza kube nzima "ukukhipha" imoto. Abanye abashayeli, esikhundleni sohlelo olujwayelekile, bakhweza i-analogue yezemidlalo.

Ukuze injini yomlilo yangaphakathi isebenzise amandla ayo ngendlela umkhiqizi ayehlose ngayo, kunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Isibonelo, esikhundleni samakhandlela ajwayelekile, ungasebenzisa ozakwabo abaphumelela ngokwengeziwe. Imininingwane eminingi mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo nezici zayo ichaziwe lapha... Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisezingeni eliphakeme kunika ukusebenza kahle kwenjini ngokuya ngokuthuthuka komkhiqizi.

Ekugcineni - ividiyo emayelana namandla namandla we-torque:

Amandla noma i-torque - yikuphi okubaluleke kakhulu?

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Iyini i-torque ngamagama alula? Lawa amandla asebenza ku-lever afakwe ekwakhiweni komshini noma iyunithi. Amandla ngokwawo akalwa ngama-Newtons, kanye nobukhulu ngamamitha. I-torque ikalwa ngamamitha we-Newton.

Yini enikeza i-torque? Emotweni, lokhu kuyinkomba ebalulekile yenjini, evumela imoto ukuthi isheshise futhi ihambe ngesivinini esingaguquki. I-torque ingahluka kuye ngesivinini senjini.

I-torque namandla kuhlobene kanjani? Amandla asho amandla injini ekwazi ukuwaletha. I-torque ikhombisa indlela injini ekwazi ngayo ukusebenzisa lawo mandla.

Yini i-shaft torque? I-torque ku-shaft ibhekisela esivinini se-angular sokujikeleza kwe-shaft, okungukuthi, amandla asebenza ku-shaft ngokusebenzisa ihlombe noma i-lever, ubude bayo buyimitha eyodwa.