Liyini ibhokisi le-DSG - izinzuzo nezingozi ze-gearbox ye-clutch ekabili
Okuqukethwe
Impilo yanamuhla ayikwazi ukucatshangelwa ngaphandle kwezimoto, futhi ukuhamba kwedolobha kufanele kube ngokunethezeka ngangokunokwenzeka kumshayeli. Ukunethezeka kokushayela imoto kunikezwa ngosizo lwama-transmission ahlukahlukene (i-automatic transmission, i-robotic gearbox).
Ibhokisi le-robotic lithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokushelela kokunyakaza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-fuel ukonga, ukuba khona kwemodi ye-manual evumela ukuthi ulungise isitayela sokushayela ngezidingo zomshayeli.
Umgomo wokusebenza kwebhokisi likagiya le-DSG
I-DSG iyi-manual transmission efakwe i-automatic gear change drive futhi inobhasikidi ababili be-clutch.
Ibhokisi le-DSG lixhunywe enjinini ngama-clutch amabili atholakala nge-axially. Izigaba eziyinqaba nezingemuva zisebenza nge-clutch eyodwa, futhi ezilinganayo kwesinye. Idivayisi enjalo inikeza ushintsho olubushelelezi lwezinyathelo ngaphandle kokunciphisa nokuphazamisa amandla, ukuqhuba ukudluliselwa okuqhubekayo kwe-torque kusuka ku-motor kuya ku-axle yokushayela yamasondo.
Ngesikhathi sokusheshisa esigabeni sokuqala, amagiya egiya lesibili asevele ehlangene. Lapho iyunithi yokulawula idlulisa umyalo wokushintsha isinyathelo, amadrayivu we-hydraulic ebhokisi likagiya akhulula i-clutch eyodwa bese ecindezela okwesibili, okwenza ukudluliselwa kwe-torque isuka emoteni isuka kwesinye isinyathelo iye kwesinye.
Ngakho, inqubo iya esigabeni esidlulele. Lapho unciphisa ijubane futhi ushintsha ezinye izimo, inqubo yenziwa ngokulandelana okuphambene. Ukushintsha kwezinyathelo kwenzeka ngosizo lwama-synchronizers.
Ukushintsha kwezinyathelo ebhokisini le-DSG kwenziwa ngesivinini esikhulu, okungafinyeleleki ngisho nakubagijimi abaqeqeshiwe.
Iyini i-mechatronics ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo
Ukulawula kokubili ama-clutches kanye nokuguqulwa kwezinyathelo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa iyunithi yokulawula ehlanganisa amayunithi we-hydraulic kanye ne-electronic, izinzwa. Le yunithi ibizwa ngeMechatronic futhi itholakala kugearbox wezindlu.
Izinzwa ezakhelwe ku-Mechatronic zilawula isimo sebhokisi legiya futhi ziqaphe ukusebenza kwezingxenye eziyinhloko nemihlangano.
Amapharamitha alawulwa izinzwa ze-Mechatronics:
- inani lama-revolutions kokokufaka kanye nokuphumayo kwebhokisi;
- umfutho wamafutha;
- izinga lamafutha;
- izinga lokushisa loketshezi lokusebenza;
- indawo yezimfoloko zasesiteji.
Kumamodeli akamuva amabhokisi e-DSG, i-ECT (uhlelo lukagesi olulawula ukuguqulwa kwezinyathelo) lufakiwe.
Ngokungeziwe kumapharamitha angenhla, izilawuli ze-ECT:
- isivinini semoto;
- izinga lokuvuleka kwe-throttle;
- lokushisa kwemoto.
Ukufunda la mapharamitha kwandisa impilo ka-gearbox nenjini.
Izinhlobo Zokudluliswa Kwe-Shift Okuqondile
Okwamanje kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamabhokisi e-DSG:
- amagiya ayisithupha (DSG-6);
- isivinini esiyisikhombisa (DSG-7).
I-DSG 6
I-gearbox yokuqala ye-preselective (i-robotic) kwakuyi-DSG enamagiya ayisithupha, eyasungulwa ngo-2003.
Idizayini ye-DSG-6:
- izintambo ezimbili;
- imigqa emibili yezinyathelo;
- i-crankcase;
- I-Mechatronic;
- umehluko webhokisi lamagiya;
- igiya elikhulu.
I-DSG-6 isebenzisa ama-clutch amabili amanzi acwiliswa ngokungaguquki oketshezini oludluliswayo ukuze igcobe imishini futhi ipholise ama-clutch disc, ngaleyo ndlela andise impilo yokudlulisela.
Ama-clutch amabili adlulisa i-torque emigqeni yezinyathelo ze-gearbox. I-gearbox drive disc ixhunywe kuma-clutch nge-flywheel yehabhu ekhethekile ehlanganisa izigaba.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-Mechatronics (i-electro-hydraulic module) etholakala ku-gearbox house:
- ama-spools okusabalalisa ama-gearbox;
- i-multiplexer ekhiqiza imiyalo yokulawula;
- i-solenoid kanye nama-valve okulawula we-gearbox.
Uma isikhethi sishintshwa, ama-gearbox distributor ayavulwa. Izinyathelo zishintshwa ngosizo lwama-valve e-electromagnetic, futhi isikhundla se-clutches friction silungiswa ngosizo lwama-valve okucindezela. Lawa mavalvu "ayinhliziyo" yebhokisi lika-gearbox, kanti iMechatronic "ingqondo".
I-multiplexer ye-gearbox ilawula ama-hydraulic cylinders, okukhona angu-8 ku-gearbox onjalo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo awekho ama-valve angama-gearbox angu-4 asebenzayo. Amasilinda ahlukene asebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene zama-gearbox, kuya ngesiteji esidingekayo.
Amagiya aku-DSG-6 ashintsha ngokujikeleza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imigqa emibili yezinyathelo icushiwe, eyodwa kuphela yazo ayisetshenziswa - ikwimodi yokulinda. Lapho ushintsha i-torque yokudlulisela, umugqa wesibili ucushwa ngokushesha, ushintshela kumodi esebenzayo. Indlela enjalo yokusebenza kwebhokisi legiya ihlinzeka ngokushintsha kwegiya ngaphansi kwengxenye yomzuzwana, kuyilapho ukuhamba kwethrafikhi kwenzeka ngokushelela nangokulinganayo, ngaphandle kokunensa kanye nama-jerks.
I-DSG-6 ingugearbox werobhothi onamandla kakhulu. I-torque yenjini yemoto eno-gearbox onjalo icishe ibe ngu-350 Nm. Ibhokisi elinjalo linesisindo esingaphansi kwamakhilogremu ayi-100. Uwoyela wegiya we-DSG-6 udinga ngaphezu kwamalitha ayi-6.
Okwamanje, i-DSG-6 ifakwe ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezilandelayo:
- Isihlalo (Alhambra, Toledo);
- I-Skoda (Octavia, SuperB);
- I-Audi (TT, Q3, А3);
- IVolkswagen (Tiguan, Golf, Jetta, Passat).
Amabhokisi e-DSG afakwe i-Tiptronic, edlulisela ibhokisi kumodi yokulawula okwenziwa ngesandla.
I-DSG 7
I-DSG-7 yasungulwa ngo-2006 ikakhulukazi izimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Ibhokisi le-DSG linesisindo esingu-70-75 kg. futhi iqukethe amalitha angaphansi kwama-2 kawoyela. Lo gearbox ufakwe ezimotweni zebhajethi ezine-torque yenjini engeqile ku-250 Nm.
Kuze kube manje, i-DSG-7 ifakwe ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezilandelayo:
- I-Audi (TT, Q3, А3);
- Isihlalo (León, Ibiza, Altea);
- Skoda (Octavia, Fabia, SuperB);
- IVolkswagen (Tiguan, Golf, Jetta, Passat).
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-DSG-7 ne-DSG-6 ukuba khona kwama-dry clutch discs awomile angekho ku-transmission fluid. Izinguquko ezinjalo zivunyelwe ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ukunciphisa izindleko zesevisi.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kokudluliswa kwerobhothi okuzenzakalelayo
I-robotic gearbox inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo uma iqhathaniswa namanye ama-transmission.
Izinzuzo zebhokisi le-DSG:
- ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwengxube kaphethiloli (kufika ku-10-20%);
- ithuba lokulawula ngesandla, okufana nokudluliswa kwezandla;
- akukho ukulahlekelwa kwamandla lapho kushintsha izigaba;
- ubushelelezi bemoto;
- izici eziguquguqukayo eziphezulu zemoto efakwe ibhokisi le-DSG;
- ukunciphisa isikhathi esidingekayo sokusheshisa;
- ithuba lokukhethwa kwegiya elizenzakalelayo nelokwenziwa ngesandla;
- ukushayela ukhululekile, ifakwe gearbox enjalo;
- ukungabikho kwe-clutch pedal kanye ne-lever yokukhetha evamile, engabangeli ubunzima lapho usuka emotweni nge-automatic transmission yakudala;
Ububi bebhokisi le-DSG:
- izindleko eziphezulu zemoto ene-DSG uma iqhathaniswa nezimoto ezihlome ngezinye izinhlobo zokuthutha;
- ngezikhathi ezithile irobhothi linciphisa ijubane futhi alihambisani nokusheshisa okuguquguqukayo kwemoto, ukushintsha izinyathelo ngokubambezeleka kancane;
- i-mechatronics ingelinye lamaphuzu abuthakathaka ebhokisini le-DSG, ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile kule yunithi;
- uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle ku-mechatronics, kufanele kushintshwe, ngoba ayikwazi ukulungiswa;
- insiza ye-gearbox encishisiwe;
- ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-mechatronics kunomthelela ekushintsheni kokushisa okuvamile, okubaluleke kakhulu ebusika;
- impilo yesevisi ye-DSG-7 kanye nezingxenye zayo imfushane ngokuphawulekayo kune-DSG-6;
- ukwanda kokushisa kwebhokisi ngenxa yomsebenzi oqhubekayo wokukhetha;
- ukwanda kwezindleko zokusevisa i-robotic gearbox;
- inkimbinkimbi yokulungisa ibhokisi le-robotic, iziteshi eziningi zesevisi ezingakwazi ukukufeza;
- ayifakiwe kuma-SUV nezinye izimoto ezinamandla;
- izindleko eziphakeme zokulungiswa, kwezinye izimo kuyadingeka ukushintsha ngokuphelele i-DSG.
Izincomo zokusebenza kahle kwemoto efakwe i-DSG gearbox, ekuvumela ukuthi unwebe impilo yokusebenza:
- ukugcinwa okufika ngesikhathi kwebhokisi legiya le-DSG (ukushintshwa koketshezi lokudlulisela ngokwemithethonqubo - amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-60000, ukuxazulula izinkinga);
- ukufudumala i-robotic gearbox ngokugcina imoto kafushane isesimweni sokuma ngemva kokuqala;
- ukunyakaza okubushelelezi ngemuva kokufudumala amakhilomitha angu-1-5 kusukela lapho ukunyakaza kuqala;
- ukugwema ukushelela kwesondo;
- lapho ume isikhathi esingaphezu komzuzu ongu-1, kunconywa ukuthi ushintshe isikhethi sebhokisi le-DSG sibe imodi engathathi hlangothi;
- lapho ushayela eqhweni naseqhweni, kunconywa ukuthi uvule imodi "ye-snowflake", uma ikhona;
- ngokushayela okuguquguqukayo kanye nokusheshisa okusheshayo, kuyalulekwa ukuhambisa isikhethi sokukhetha endaweni "yezemidlalo";
- ngesikhathi sokulungiswa ngakunye, kuyadingeka ukuxilonga ibhokisi le-DSG futhi wenze ukuqaliswa;
- i-accelerator pedal kufanele icindezeleke ngokushelelayo, ngisho nakumodi yezandla;
- ukusheshisa kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza ngemodi yezandla, nokushayela okubushelelezi kanye ne-braking - ngokuzenzakalelayo;
- ukupaka imoto ukusuka ebhokisini le-DSG kuya endaweni yokupaka endaweni yokukhetha "engathathi hlangothi" kanye nokufakwa okuyisibopho kwebhuleki lokupaka (ibhuleki lesandla).
Ibhokisi lamarobhothi, eqinisweni, liwukudlulisa okuthuthukisiwe okwenziwa ngesandla, ukushintshwa kwezinyathelo lapho kwenzeka kusetshenziswa i-mechatronics esekelwe kumingcele ehlukahlukene efundwa izinzwa. Ngokuya ngezincomo ezithile, unganweba kakhulu impilo yebhokisi lerobhothi.
