Iyini i-clutch ephindwe kabili emotweni (idivayisi nesimiso sokusebenza)
Okuqukethwe
Izinto zokuhambisa zanoma iyiphi imoto zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwe-torque yenjini emasondweni okushayela. Ekuqaleni kwemboni yezimoto, amadivaysi ahlinzeka ngalo msebenzi ayengasebenzi kahle ngenxa yobulula bomklamo. Ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje kwama-node ethulwe kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi kungenzeka ukufeza ushintsho olubushelelezi lwegiya ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla nezici eziguqukayo zemoto.
I-clutch idlala indima ebalulekile ekudlulisweni kwe-torque. Leli findo eliyinkimbinkimbi libe nezinguquko eziningi ngaphambi kokuba libe yilokho esijwayele ukulibona manje.
Ukuthuthukiswa okuningi okuthole indlela eya embonini yezimoto ezivamile kubolekwe ezimotweni zomjaho. Omunye wabo kungashiwo okuthiwa i-clutch kabili, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-dual clutch transmission kanye ne-automatic transmission kanye ne-manual transmission
Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi iyini le ndalo emangalisayo yobunjiniyela. Wona kanye umqondo wokubamba kabili uphakamisa ukuthi umklamo onjalo uhlinzeka ngokuba khona kwezingxenye ezi-2.
Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwe-clutch luhlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwama-disc friction discs amabili, kodwa akuyona yonke into elula njengoba kungase kubonakale ekuqaleni.
Uhlobo olwethuliwe lomshini lubhangqwe nama-robotic gearboxes. Kulokhu, sikhuluma ngama-gearbox abhanqiwe, anesibopho sokuvula isethi ethile yesivinini. Omunye ubhekene namagiya angajwayelekile, omunye alinganayo.
Mhlawumbe umehluko ocacile phakathi kuka-gearbox oyi-dual-clutch nawo wonke amanye wukuba khona kwe-double shaft. Ngokwezinga elithile, iyibhulokhi yegiya efanayo yomklamo oyinkimbinkimbi.
Amagiya aku-outer shaft eqoqweni lalolu hlobo ahambisana namagiya alinganayo, kanti amagiya abizwa ngokuthi i-inner shaft ahambisana namagiya angavamile.
Ukulawulwa kwamayunithi okudlulisela athulwe kwenziwa ngenxa yesistimu yamadrayivu we-hydraulic kanye ne-automation. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uhlobo olwethuliwe gearbox, ngokungafani transmission othomathikhi, hhayi ifakwe Converter torque.
Kulokhu, kuyisiko ukukhuluma ngezinhlobo ezimbili ze-clutch: ezomile nezimanzi. Sizogxila kuzo kabanzi ngezansi embhalweni.
Ukuthi isebenza kanjani
Ngemva kokujwayelana nezinye izici zokuklama ze-node ethulwe, ake sizame ukuqonda isimiso sokusebenza kwayo.
Uma ungahloli ubuqili bezobuchwepheshe, i-algorithm yomsebenzi ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana:
- Ngemuva kokuqala kokuhamba ngegiya lokuqala, uhlelo lulungiselela ukufakwa okulandelayo;
- Ngemva kokufinyelela isikhashana esithile esihambisana nezici zejubane ezimisiwe, i-clutch yokuqala inqanyuliwe;
- I-clutch yesibili iqala ukusebenza, ihlinzeka ngokuzisebenzela kwegiya lesibili;
- Ukuhlaziya inqubo yokwandisa isivinini senjini, ama-actuator akhipha imiyalo evela kumojula yokulawula alungiselela ukuvula igiya lesithathu.
Ukufakwa okulandelayo kwezivinini kwenzeka ngokwesimiso esifanayo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isistimu yezinzwa efakwe ngendlela yethulwe ye-gearbox ikuvumela ukuba uhlaziye imingcele ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi: isivinini sesondo, indawo ye-gearshift lever, ukuqina kokucindezela i-accelerator / i-brake pedal.
Ukuhlaziya idatha etholiwe, i-automation bese ikhetha imodi elungele isimo esithile.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi phambi kwesistimu enjalo, i-clutch pedal imane ingekho. Ukukhetha igiya kwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi uma kunesidingo, ngesandla usebenzisa izinkinobho zokulawula ogibele isondo lokuqondisa.
Idivayisi ye-Mechanism
Ukuze ujwayelane ne-node ethulwe ngokuningiliziwe, kuyadingeka ukutadisha idivayisi yomshini ngokwawo, oqinisekisa ukuguquguquka kwegiya.
Ngokungafani nazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo ze-clutch, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwenani lama-node nezici eziyingqayizivele.
Ngakho, lolu hlelo luhlanganisa izingxenye ezibalulekile ezilandelayo:
- iphakethe le-friction disc;
- umzimba nge-sump eyomile noma yamafutha;
- i-mechatronic.
Uma ama-node amabili okuqala ajwayele ngokwanele kubashayeli, khona-ke eyesithathu inikeza umbono wento engaziwa kuze kube manje.
Ngakho-ke, i-mechatronics, lena iyunithi ye-clutch ephezulu evumela ukuthi uguqule amasignali kagesi abe ngumsebenzi wemishini wamayunithi asebenzayo.
I-mechatronics yemoto yesimanje, njengomthetho, ihlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili: iyunithi ye-electromagnetic kanye nebhodi lokulawula.
Eyokuqala isethi yama-valve e-solenoid, okuthiwa ama-solenoids. Ngaphambili, esikhundleni se-solenoids, izindlela zokusabalalisa i-hydraulic, okuthiwa i-hydroblocks, zazisetshenziswa. Kodwa ngenxa yokukhiqiza kwabo okuphansi, bathathelwe indawo imishini kagesi ethuthuke kakhulu.
Cabangela izici eziyisisekelo zama-clutch ezimanzi nezomile.
"Kumanzi" kabili
Uma senza uhambo emlandweni we-node okukhulunywa ngayo, khona-ke lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "uhlobo olumanzi" kubhekwa njengomzali we-double.
Kuyisethi yezingxenye ezimbili zamadiski e-Ferodo acwiliswe kubhavu kawoyela endlini ye-clutch.
Kulokhu, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili "ze-clutch ezimanzi" kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lokushayela imoto. Ngakho-ke ezimotweni zokushayela ngamasondo angaphambili, kusetshenziswa i-clutch ene-concentric ye-Ferodo discs. Kubanikazi bezimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo angemuva, okukhethekile kwale divayisi kubonakaliswa ekuhlelweni okuhambisanayo kwamadiski ashayelwa.
Izingxenye zazo zombili izinhlobo "ze-clutch ezimanzi" ziyefana. Lokhu kubandakanya:
- i-inlet flange;
- i-flange eyinhloko;
- master drive;
- iphakethe lama-friction discs we-oda lokuqala nelesibili;
- intwasahlobo ye-diaphragm, intwasahlobo eyisizayo;
- i-plunger;
- amasilinda amanzi;
- umphini wokuqala we-oda lokuqala nelesibili.
"Dry" kabili
Ngaphezu kwe-clutch "emanzi", kukhona ne-clutch ebizwa ngokuthi "eyomile". Ngeke kushiwo ukuthi kubi noma kungcono kunangaphambili. Kulesi simo, kungaba kuhle ukugcizelela ukuthi ngamunye wabo usetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo ezimweni zokusebenza ezinikezwe zona.
Ngokungafani nohlobo lwangaphambilini, isici sokuklama se-clutch "esomile" asibandakanyi ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha. Ama-disk aqhutshwayo ahlanganiswe ngokuqondile nama-shafts wokufaka webhokisi ngalinye lama-gearbox.
Izakhi zokusebenza zendlela enjalo zihlanganisa:
- ama-shafts okuqala;
- ukukhulula ama-bearings;
- ama-discs e-friction;
- master drive;
- amadiski amabili asizayo;
- flywheel;
- iziphethu ze-diaphragm.
Lo mklamo uklanyelwe ukudlulisa kancane (ngokungafani ne-torque "emanzi"), ngenxa ye-coefficient yokudlulisa ukushisa ephansi.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokungabikho kwesidingo sokusebenzisa ipompo yamafutha, okuholela nakanjani ekulahlekelweni kwamandla, ukusebenza kahle kwalolu hlobo lwe-clutch kuphakeme kakhulu kunezinhlobonhlobo ezicatshangelwe ngaphambilini.
Izinzuzo nobubi be-clutch ekabili
Njenganoma iyiphi enye ingxenye yemoto, i-dual clutch inakho kokubili inani lezimfanelo ezinhle kanye nenani lokubi. Ake siqale ngezinto ezinhle.
Ngakho-ke, ukwethulwa kokuthuthukiswa okunjalo ohlelweni lokudluliswa kwemoto kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukufeza:
- ukonga uphethiloli okubalulekile;
- ukusebenza okuphezulu okuguquguqukayo;
- ukusebenza kahle;
- akukho ukulahlekelwa amandla enjini.
Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezibalulekile ezinjalo ze-node ethulwe, kunamaphuzu amaningi angalungile. Lokhu kubandakanya:
- insiza elinganiselwe kakhulu yezinto zokusebenza;
- ukugcinwa okuphansi;
- ukulungiswa okumba eqolo.
Mhlawumbe enye i-drawback ephawulekayo ngokulinganayo yalokhu kudluliselwa ukuthi uma kwenzeka ukwanda kokugqoka kwezakhi zokusebenza zomhlangano, ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kwemoto kuba yinto engenakwenzeka.
Ngamanye amazwi, uma "ukukhahlela" okufanayo okuzenzakalelayo kuzokuvumela ukuba ufike enkonzweni futhi ulungise ngokwakho, khona-ke kulokhu kuzodingeka uthembele kuphela kusizo lweloli lokudonsa.
Noma kunjalo, inqubekelaphambili ayimile futhi abakhiqizi, begxile ekuhlangenwe nakho kokusebenza kwentuthuko yabo, bethula izinto ezintsha ezihlukahlukene ekwakhiweni kwamayunithi “e-double clutch”, aklanyelwe ukwandisa insiza yezinqubo zawo futhi athuthukise ukugcinwa.
