Yini isikhulumi semoto?

I-crankcase iyingxenye ebalulekile yenjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi. Ngaphandle kwalesi sakhi sesakhiwo samandla, ukusebenza kwawo akunakwenzeka. Kulokhu kubuyekezwa, uzofunda ukuthi yini inhloso ye-crankcase yenjini, yiziphi izinhlobo zama-crankcases, nokuthi ungazigcina kanjani futhi uzilungise.

Kuyini isikhafu semoto?

Umugqa wemoto uyingxenye yezindlu ezihamba ngezimoto. Ifakwe ngaphansi kwesilinda sensimbi. Kufakwa i-crankshaft phakathi kwalezi zinto zomzimba. Ngaphezu kwenjini, le element ibuye ibe nama-gearbox, amagiya egiya, i-axle yangemuva nezinye izingxenye zemoto ezidinga ukuthanjiswa njalo.

Kuyamukelwa jikelele ukuthi i-crankcase iyidamu eliqukethe uwoyela. Ngokuqondene nemoto, lokhu kuvame kakhulu ukuba njalo. Ngokuqondene nendlu yokudlulisela, lokhu akuyona kuphela ipani lamafutha, kodwa umzimba wonke womshini nawo wonke umgodi odingekayo, isihlungi nokufaka izimbobo. Ngokuya ngezinhloso zesitsha, kuthelwa igrisi ekhethekile kuwo, efanelekile iyunithi ethile.

Umlando wokubukeka

Ngokokuqala ngqa, umbono wokuthi le mininingwane iqukethe unyaka we-1889. Unjiniyela H. Carter waqhamuka nesigcini esincane esasiqukethe uketshezi lwamanzi liketanga lebhayisekili.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ngxenye ivimbele izinto zakwamanye amazwe ukuthi zingangeni phakathi kwamazinyo esprocket nezixhumanisi zamaketanga. Kancane kancane, lo mbono uthuthele ezweni lezimoto.

Inhloso nemisebenzi yesikwele

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wama-crankcases ukufaka izindlela zokuhambisa ezidinga ukuthambisa okuningi. I-crankcase iqukethe i-crankshaft, iphampu kawoyela, imisele yokulinganisa (okuyinto ama-motors asebenzisa izindlela ezinje nokuthi kungani edingeka, funda engxenyeni ehlukile) nezinye izinto ezibalulekile zogesi.

Zonke izendlalelo namagiya zitholakala ezindlini zokudlulisa, ezihlinzeka ngokudluliselwa kwethoshi kusuka enjini yokuhamba ngamasondo okushayela. Lezi zingxenye zihlala zingaphansi kwengcindezi, ngakho-ke, zidinga futhi ukuthambisa okugcwele.

Ngaphezu kokugcotshwa, i-crankcase yenza eminye imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile:

• Ukuphola kwamayunithi. Njengomphumela wokusebenza kwezingxenye ezijikelezayo, izindawo zokuxhumana zishisa kakhulu. Amazinga okushisa kawoyela esitsheni nawo akhuphuka kancane kancane. Ukuze ingagcini ngokweqile futhi ingalahlekelwa yizakhiwo zayo, kufanele ipholisiswe. Lo msebenzi wenziwa yichibi elihlala lixhumana nomoya opholile. Lapho imoto ihamba, ukugeleza kuyanda futhi umshini uphola kangcono.
• Kuvikela izingxenye zomshini. I-crankcase yenjini kanye ne-gearbox yenziwe ngensimbi eqinile. Ngenxa yalokhu, noma ngabe umshayeli wezimoto akasinaka lesi simo esisemgwaqweni, le ngxenye iyakwazi ukuvikela impompo kawoyela kanye nomgodi ojikelezayo kusuka ekujukeni ngesikhathi semiphumela. Ngokuyisisekelo, lenziwa ngensimbi, ekhubazeke phezu komthelela, kepha ingaqhume (konke kuncike emandleni wethonya, ngakho-ke kufanele uqaphele lapho ushayela amaqhubu ngaphezulu).
• Esimweni sokudluliselwa kwendlu, avumela izifakisi namagiya ukufakwa emshinini owodwa bese kunqunyelwa ohlakeni lomshini.

Umklamo we-crankcase

Njengoba i-crankcase iyingxenye yezindlu zemoto (noma i-gearbox), ukwakheka kwayo kuya ngezici zamayunithi lapho isetshenziswa khona.

Ngaphansi kwento ibizwa ngokuthi i-pallet. Yenziwa ikakhulukazi nge-aluminium alloy noma insimbi egxishiwe. Lokhu kumvumela ukuthi akwazi ukubekezelela ukushaywa okukhulu. Kufakwa ipulaki yokudonsa uwoyela endaweni ephansi kakhulu. Lokhu kuyisixha esincane esingashintshiwe lapho siguqula i-oyili futhi senza sikwazi ukususa ngokuphelele wonke amafutha enjini. Idivayisi efanayo ine-crankcase yebhokisi.

Ukuze izindonga zengxenye zikwazi ukumelana nemithwalo ekhuphukayo ngesikhathi sokudlidliza kwemoto, ifakwe okokuqina ngaphakathi. Ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwe-oyili ohlelweni lokugcotshwa, kufakwa izigaxa zokubopha emiseleni (uphawu lwangaphambili lukawoyela lukhulu ngosayizi ongemuva, futhi luvame ukwehluleka).

Banikezela ngophawu oluhle noma ngabe ingcindezi ephezulu yakha emgodini. Lezi zingxenye zivimbela nezinhlayiya zakwamanye amazwe ukuthi zingangeni emshinini. Amabhelethi aqondiswe ezindlini ngezembozo ezikhethekile namabhulothi (noma izikopelo).

Idivayisi ye-Crankcase

Idivayisi ye-crankcase ifaka neziteshi ezisebenza ngo-oyela, ngokubonga lapho i-lubricant igelezela kwisobho, lapho ipholile futhi kamuva ilunywe yipampu. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza komshini we-crank, izinhlayiya ezincane zensimbi zingangena ku-lubricant.

Ukuze zingalimazi ipompo futhi zingawi ezindaweni zokuxhumana zomshini, kufakwa odonsa odongeni lwePallet lwezinye izimoto. Kwezinye izinhlobo zemotor, kukhona futhi i-drainage drainage dragege ekhipha izinhlayiya ezinkulu futhi iwavimbele ekuxazululeni phansi kwesumpula.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-crankcase ingene umoya. Umhwamuko kawoyela unqwabelana ngaphakathi ezindlini, futhi ingxenye yamagesi okukhipha avela phezulu enjini angena kuwo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwala magesi kunomthelela omubi kwikhwalithi kawoyela, ngenxa yokuthi ulahlekelwa yizinto zawo zokuthambisa. Ukususa ama-blow-by gases, isembozo senhloko sesilinda sineshubhu elincanyana elixhunywe ku-carburetor noma liye kusihlungi somoya.

Umkhiqizi ngamunye usebenzisa umklamo wakhe ukususa amagesi ama-crankcase enjinini. Ezinye izimoto zinezinto ezihlukanisayo ezikhethekile ohlelweni lokugcoba oluhlanza amagesi angcolile ku-aerosol kawoyela. Lokhu kuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwamapayipi omoya okukhishwa kuwo amagesi ayingozi.

Izinhlobo ze-Crankcase

Namuhla kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-crankcases:

• I-sump yakudala emanzi. Kuwo, uwoyela usesumpeni. Ngemuva kokuthambisa, zigeleza ngomsele, bese zisuka lapho zimunzwa yimpompo kawoyela.
• Isigaxa esomile. Lokhu kuguqulwa kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zemidlalo nama-SUV agcwele. Ezinhlelweni ezinjalo zokuthambisa, kunesithasiselo esengeziwe samafutha, esidlulisiwe sisebenzisa amaphampu. Ukuvimbela i-lubricant ekushiseni ngokweqile, uhlelo lunendawo epholile kawoyela.

Izimoto eziningi zisebenzisa i-crankcase ejwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, ngezinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi ezishaywa unhlangothi ezimbili nohlangothi ezine, ama-crankcases abo athuthukisiwe.

I-crankcase yenjini enemivimbo emibili

Kulolu hlobo lwenjini, i-crankcase isetshenziselwa ukucindezela ngaphambili ingxube yamafutha omoya. Lapho i-piston yenza i-compression stroke, i-port yokungena iyavuleka (ezinjini zanamuhla ezine-stroke, ama-valve okuphuza afakiwe, kodwa ekulungiseni okudala, ichweba livula / livale nge-piston ngokwayo njengoba ihamba nge-cylinder), kanye nentsha entsha. ingxenye yengxube ingena endaweni engaphansi kwepiston.

Njengoba i-piston yenza i-stroke yayo, icindezela ingxube yomoya/yamafutha ngaphansi kwayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingxube ngaphansi kwengcindezi ifakwa ku-cylinder. Ukuze le nqubo yenzeke ngaphandle kokubuyisela uphethiloli ohlelweni lukaphethiloli, izinjini zesimanje ezine-stroke ezimbili zifakwe i-bypass valve.

Ngalesi sizathu, i-crankcase yaleyo moto kufanele ivalwe futhi i-valve yokungenisa kufanele ibe khona ekwakhiweni kwayo. Akukho okugeza amafutha kulolu hlobo lwenjini. Zonke izingxenye zigcotshwa ngokungeza amafutha kuphethiloli. Ngakho-ke, izinjini ezine-stroke zidinga njalo ukugcwaliswa kabusha kwamafutha enjini.

I-crankcase yenjini enemivimbo emine

Ngokungafani nenjini yangaphambilini, enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi enemivimbo emine, i-crankcase ihlukaniswe nesistimu kaphethiloli. Uma uphethiloli ungena emafutheni, lokhu vele kubonisa ukungasebenzi kahle kweyunithi yamandla.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-crankcase ene-four-stroke ukonga uwoyela wenjini. Ngemuva kokuthi uwoyela usuhlinzekwe kuzo zonke izingxenye zeyunithi, ugeleza eziteshini ezifanele ungene ku-sump screwed to the crankcase (ingxenye engezansi yebhulokhi yesilinda). Lapha, amafutha ahlanzwa ngama-chips ensimbi kanye nama-deposit exfoliated, uma ekhona, futhi abuye apholile.

Endaweni ephansi kakhulu ye-sump, kufakwa uwoyela wohlelo lokuthambisa injini. Ngalesi sakhi, iphampu kawoyela imunca uwoyela futhi, ngaphansi kwengcindezi, iphinde iwunikeze kuzo zonke izingxenye zeyunithi. Ukuze ama-counterweights we-crankshaft angawakhiqizi amafutha, ibanga elithile liyagcinwa ukusuka esibukweni ukuya endaweni ephansi kakhulu yalezi zingxenye.

I-crankcase ye-boxer

I-boxer motor (noma i-boxer) inomklamo okhethekile, futhi i-crankcase yayo iyisici esibalulekile lapho ukuqina kwesakhiwo sonke semoto kuncike khona. Ama-motor anjalo afakwe ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zezemidlalo, ngoba izimoto ezinjalo isihluthulelo ukuphakama komzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu, isikhungo se-gravity yemoto yezemidlalo siseduze nomhlabathi ngangokunokwenzeka, okwandisa ukuzinza kwemoto yokukhanya.

Amafutha ku-boxer motor nawo agcinwa ku-sump ehlukile, futhi iphampu ihlinzeka ngokugcoba kuzo zonke izingxenye zeyunithi ngokusebenzisa iziteshi ze-crankcase.

Izinhlobo zokwakha kanye nempahla

I-crankcase yenziwe ngento efanayo ne-cylinder block. Njengoba le ngxenye nayo ingaphansi kokucindezeleka okushisayo kanye nemishini, yenziwe ngensimbi. Kwezokuthutha zanamuhla ingxubevange ye-aluminium. Ngaphambili, kwakusetshenziswa insimbi.

Ezimotweni eziningi zezimoto, i-pan kawoyela ibizwa nge-crankcase. Kodwa kukhona ukuguqulwa okuyingxenye yezindlu ze-cylinder block. Ama-crankcase amaningi asebenzisa ama-stiffener ukusiza ingxenye imelana nemithelela evela ngezansi.

Izici ze-crankcase yenjini enezitezi ezimbili

Enjini yokushaywa unhlangothi ezine, i-crankcase ibandakanyeka kuphela ekugcotshweni kwenjini. Ekuguqulweni okunjalo, uwoyela awungeni egumbini elisebenzayo lenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, ngenxa yokuthi ukukhipha kuhlanzekile kakhulu kunalokho kwezinjini ezinama-stroke amabili. Uhlelo lokuphelelwa amandla lwamayunithi wamandla anjalo luzofakelwa i-converter enokusiza.

Idivayisi ye-motor-stroke motors ihlukile ekuguqulweni kwangaphambilini. Kuzo, i-crankcase idlala indima eqondile ekulungisweni nasekuphakelweni kwenhlanganisela yomoya kaphethiloli. Lawa ma-motors awanalo ipani likawoyela elihlukile nhlobo. Kulokhu, i-lubricant ingezwa ngqo ku-petrol. Ukusuka kulokhu, izinto eziningi zezinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi ezishaywa unhlangothi ezimbili kungenzeka zihluleke. Isibonelo, kwesinye isikhathi badinga ukuguqula amakhandlela.

Umehluko ezinjini zezinhlangothi ezimbili nezine-stroke

Ukuze uqonde umehluko phakathi kwama-crankcases ezinjini ezinama-stroke amabili nezine-stroke, udinga ukukhumbula umehluko phakathi kwamayunithi uqobo.

Enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi enezinhlangothi ezimbili, ingxenye yomzimba idlala indima yesici sohlelo lukaphethiloli. Ngaphakathi kuwo, umoya uhlanganiswa nophethiloli bese ufakwa emiseleni. Kuyo yunithi enjalo, akukho sikhonkolo esihlukile esingaba nesigaxa samafutha. Amafutha enjini afakwa ku-oyela ukuhlinzeka ngokuthambisa.

Kunezingxenye eziningi enjinini enezinhlangothi ezine ezidinga ukuthambisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi lazo alihlangani nophethiloli. Ngalesi sizathu, amafutha amaningi kufanele anikezwe.

Yini isumpu eyomile

I-athikili esehlukile ingahlukaniswa maqondana nesump eyomile. Kepha, ngamafuphi, isici sedivayisi yabo ukutholakala kwesigubhu esengeziwe samafutha. Ngokuya ngemodeli yemoto, ifakwe ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zegumbi le-injini. Imvamisa itholakala eduze kwensimbi noma ngqo kuyo, kuphela esitsheni esihlukile.

Ukuguqulwa okunjalo nakho kune-sump, kuphela uwoyela ongagciniwe kuwo, kodwa ukhishwa ngokushesha ngepompo echibini. Lolu hlelo luyadingeka, ngoba ezimotweni ezihamba ngesivinini esikhulu kakhulu uwoyela uvame ukufaka amagwebu (indlela esetshenzisiwe kuleli cici idlala indima yomxube).

Ama-SUVs avame ukunqoba ukudlula okude. Ngobukhulu obukhulu, i-oyela oyisicubu uhanjiswa ohlangothini futhi iveze ipayipi lokufaka ipompo, okungenza ukuthi imoto ibhekane nendlala yamafutha.

Ukuvikela le nkinga, isump system eyomile inika izinto zokuthambisa emthonjeni ophezu kwenjini.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Crankcase

Njengoba i-crankcase ingabandakanyeki ngokuqondile ekujikelezeni kuka-crankshaft noma ekusebenzeni kwezinye izingxenye zenjini, le ngxenye yomklamo wenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi inokuphila okude kakhulu kokusebenza. Kungaba khona ukungasebenzi kahle okubili kuphela ku-crankcase:

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-pallet. Isizathu siwukuthi amafutha enjini adonsa ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla adonsela phansi. Ngakho-ke, i-pan kawoyela isendaweni ephansi kakhulu yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Uma imoto ishayela emigwaqweni emibi, futhi imvume yayo yomhlabathi iphansi kakhulu emigwaqweni enjalo, khona-ke kukhona amathuba aphezulu okuthi i-pallet izoshaya i-bump emgwaqeni. Kungaba indunduma nje emgwaqeni owubhuqu, itshe elikhulu, noma umgodi ojulile onemiphetho ecijile. Uma i-sump ilimele, uwoyela uzovuza kancane kancane emgwaqeni. Uma imoto ifakwe i-sump eyomile, khona-ke uma kwenzeka ukushaya okunamandla, kuyadingeka ukucisha injini bese uzama ukulungisa umgodi. Kumamodeli ane-crankcase yakudala, wonke amafutha azovuza. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka umonakalo, kuyadingeka ukufaka esikhundleni sesitsha esihlanzekile ngaphansi komshini, ikakhulukazi uma amafutha esanda kuguqulwa.
2. I-crankcase gasket egugile. Ngenxa yokuvuza, injini ingase ilahlekelwe uwoyela kancane ngenxa yama-smudges. Emotweni ngayinye, isidingo sokushintsha i-gasket senzeka ngemva kwesikhathi esihlukile. Ngakho-ke, umnikazi wemoto kufanele aqaphe ngokuzimela ukubonakala kokuvuza futhi abuyisele uphawu ngesikhathi.

Ukulungiswa, ukulungiswa kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni kwama crankcases

Ukwephuka kwe-crankcase akuvamile kakhulu. Imvamisa, ipallet yakhe iyahlupheka. Lapho imoto ihamba phezu kwamaqhuqhuva anzima, ingaphansi lemoto lingashayisa itshe elibukhali. Endabeni yesiga, nakanjani lokhu kuzoholela ekuvuzeni kukawoyela.

Uma umshayeli engayinaki imiphumela yomphumela, imoto izothola umthwalo owandayo ngenxa yendlala kawoyela futhi ekugcineni iphule. Uma kuphahlazeke epanini, ungazama ukuyishisela. Insimbi ilungiswa ngogesi ojwayelekile noma igesi, ne-aluminium kuphela nge-argon welding. Akuvamile ukuthola ama-pallet sealants akhethekile ezitolo, kodwa ayasebenza kuze kube ukushaya okulandelayo.

Ukushintsha iphalethi akuyona into enzima kangako. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukukhipha uwoyela wakudala (uma ngabe konke akuphelanga umgodi), khipha izimbotshana zokuqinisa bese ufaka isigaxa esisha. I-gasket nayo kufanele ishintshwe ngengxenye entsha.

Ukunciphisa amathuba okubhoboza i-pan yokuthosa, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa isivikelo sepuleti yensimbi. Kunamathiselwe amalungu aseceleni kwemoto. Ngaphambi kokuthenga isivikelo esinjalo, kufanele unake izikhala ezikuyo. Okunye ukuguqulwa kunezimbobo ezihambisanayo ezivumela ukuthi kuguqulwe uwoyela enjini noma ebhokisini ngaphandle kokukhipha isivikelo.

Ukuwohloka okuvamile

Njengoba i-crankcase yenza umsebenzi wokuvikela nowesekelayo, akukho lutho lokwephula kuyo. Ukwehluleka okuyinhloko kwale ngxenye yemoto kufaka:

• Ukulimala kwemishini ngenxa yemithelela lapho ushayela phezu kwamaqhubu. Isizathu salokhu indawo yale nto. Itholakala eduze kakhulu nomhlabathi, ngakho-ke kunamathuba amaningi okuthi izobamba etsheni elibukhali uma imoto inesikhala esincane (ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngale pharamitha yemoto, bheka kokunye ukubuyekeza);
• Ukuphuka kwentambo yezikhonkwane zokubopha ngenxa ye-torque yokuqinisa engalungile;
• Gqoka izinto ze-gasket.

Akunandaba ukuthi hlobo luni lomonakalo we-crankcase, lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi imoto ilahlekelwe i-powertrain lubricant. Lapho imoto ibulawa yindlala kawoyela noma ilahlekelwa i-lubricant eningi kakhulu, nakanjani kuzoholela ekulimaleni okukhulu.

Ukugwema ukugqashula intambo yesitoko esikhuphayo, imoto kufanele ilungiswe nguchwepheshe onethuluzi elifanele. Ukuqedwa kokuvuza ngokusebenzisa i-gasket kwenziwa ngokufaka le nto endaweni entsha.

Ukuvikelwa kwe-crankcase

Lapho ushayela emigwaqweni ewubhuqu noma emabhampini, kunengozi yokushaya into ebukhali enamathele phansi (njengetshe). Imvamisa ukushaya kuwela epanini likawoyela. Ukuze ungalahli uketshezi, obalulekile enjini, umshayeli angafaka isivikelo esikhethekile semikhumbi.

Eqinisweni, hhayi nje kuphela epanini lamafutha elidinga ukuvikelwa ekushayweni okungathi sína, kodwa nezinye izingxenye zenjini. Ukuze ingxenye engezansi yegumbi lenjini ivikeleke ngokuthembekile, isivikelo se-crankcase kumele senziwe ngensimbi eqinile engashisi phansi kwemithwalo esindayo.

Izinto zokuvikela zingenziwa ngensimbi e-ferrous, aluminium noma ngezinto eziyinhlanganisela. Amamodeli ashibhile kakhulu ayinsimbi, kepha asindayo kunabalingani bawo be-aluminium.

Ukuze ingxenye ingonakali ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi ngenxa yokugqwala, imbozwe ngommeli okhethekile wokuvikela. Izimbobo zobuchwepheshe nazo zenziwa ekwakhiweni kwengxenye. Ngazo, inkosi ingalungisa ukulungisa okuthile kwinjini yenjini (ngokwesibonelo, ukuguqula isihlungi sawoyela kwezinye izimoto), kepha inhloso yazo enkulu ukunikeza umoya omncane wegumbi.

Ukuvikelwa kufakwa kusetshenziswa izimbotshana kwizimbobo ezenzelwe ukuqina. Uma umshayeli ethengise imodeli eyenzelwe le moto, ukufakwa kwayo ngeke kuthathe isikhathi esiningi.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, iningi lezingxenye emotweni zidinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela nokulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi. Endabeni yesikhafu, musa ukweqa futhi uthenge isivikelo esifanele. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa impilo yento.

Imibuzo ejwayelekile mayelana nokuvikelwa kwe-crankcase

Ukuvikela isigaxa semoto, abenzi bezimoto benze izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuvikela i-crankcase, efakwe ukuze ibekwe phakathi kwekhredithi nobuso bomgwaqo.

Nayi eminye imibuzo ejwayelekile ngokufaka lolu hlobo lokuvikelwa emotweni:

Umbuzo:	Impendulo:
Ngabe imoto izoshisa?	Cha. Ngoba lapho imoto ishayela, ukugeleza komoya kuqhamuka ekungeneni komoya okutholakala ku-bumper wangaphambili futhi naku-grill radiator. Imoto selehlile esiqondisweni se-longitudinal. Lapho imoto imile kuphoqa amandla kagesi, ifeni isetshenziselwa ukuyipholisa (kuchazwa le divayisi kwesinye isihloko). Ebusika, ukuvikelwa kuzoba yinto eyengeziwe evimbela ukupholisa okusheshayo kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.
Ngabe kukhona imisindo engathandeki evela ngamatshe noma ezinye izinto eziqinile?	Yebo. Kepha lokhu akuvamile ukwenzeka uma umshini usebenza endaweni yasemadolobheni. Ukunciphisa umsindo ezintweni eziwayo, kwanele ukusebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa komsindo.
Ngabe kuzoba nzima ukwenza isondlo esijwayelekile?	Cha. Iningi lamamodeli wokuvikela ongaphansi komhlaba anakho konke ukuvuleka kobuchwepheshe okudingekayo okuvumela ukubukwa okubukwayo kwemoto egodini, kanye nezinqubo eziningi ezijwayelekile, ngokwesibonelo, ukushintsha uwoyela nesihlungi. Amanye amamodeli anama-plugs epulasitiki ezindaweni ezifanele.
Ingabe ukuvikela kunzima ukufaka nokususa?	Cha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, awudingi ukwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi wokulungiselela (isibonelo, ukubhola izimbobo ezingeziwe emshinini). Lapho uthenga phansi evikelayo, ikhithi izofaka izibopho ezidingekayo.

Ukukhethwa kokuvikelwa kwe-crankcase

Akunandaba ukuthi hlobo luni lwemoto, kungathengwa insimbi noma ukuvikelwa kwepallet okuhlanganisiwe. Uma kukhulunywa ngezinketho zensimbi, kunezinketho ze-aluminium noma zensimbi kulesi sigaba. I-analogue eyinhlanganisela ithola ukuthandwa kuphela, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuyithenga emakethe, futhi intengo yomkhiqizo onjalo izoba ngaphezulu.

Ama-skid ahlanganisiwe angenziwa nge-carbon fiber noma i-fiberglass. Imikhiqizo enjalo inezinzuzo ezilandelayo kunezinguqulo zensimbi:

• Engasindi;
• Ayonakalisi;
• Ayipheli;
• Unamandla aphezulu;
• Ngesikhathi sengozi, ayisiyongo eyengeziwe;
• Inokumunca umsindo.

Izinhlobo ze-Aluminium zizobiza kakhulu, futhi izinketho zensimbi zizoba ezishibhile. I-Aluminium inokuqina okuhle nokumelana nomthelela, futhi isisindo siphansi kancane kunokulungiswa kwensimbi. Ngokuqondene ne-analogue yensimbi, ngaphezu kwesisindo sayo esikhulu nokuthambekela kokugqwala, lo mkhiqizo unazo zonke ezinye izinzuzo.

Ukukhethwa kokuvikelwa kwe-crankcase kuthonywa izimo lapho umshini uzosetshenziswa khona. Uma lokhu kuyimoto yokushayela njalo ungekho emgwaqeni, khona-ke kungaba usizo kakhulu ukuthenga ukuvikelwa kwensimbi. Ngemoto yezemidlalo ebamba iqhaza emijahweni yethrekhi, kungcono ukukhetha uhlobo oluyinhlanganisela, ngoba inesisindo esincane, okubaluleke kakhulu kwezokuthutha kwezemidlalo.

Ukuhlomisa imoto ejwayelekile enokuvikelwa okunjalo akunakusebenza ngokomnotho. Isici esiyinhloko esidinga ukunakwa lapho kukhethwa ukuvikelwa ukuqina kwaso. Uma iphansi likhubazeke kalula, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngeke livikele i-pallet ekulimaleni kwemishini ngenxa yemithelela enamandla.

Nasi isibonelo sendlela ukuvikelwa kwensimbi kufakwe ngayo emotweni:

Ukufaka ukuvikelwa kwensimbi kuToyota Camry.

Ividiyo ngesihloko

Ngaphezu kwalokho, siphakamisa ukubuka ividiyo enemininingwane mayelana ne-sump eyomile:

UCarter owomile! Kanjani, kungani, futhi ngani?

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Yini i-crankcase? Le yingxenye enkulu yomzimba yeyunithi yamandla. Inesakhiwo esifana nebhokisi, futhi yakhelwe ukuvikela nokuxhasa izingxenye ezisebenzayo zenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Ngemigudu eyenziwe kule ngxenye yemoto, uwoyela wenjini unikezwa ukuthambisa zonke izindlela ezakha ukwakhiwa kwenjini. Abanye abashayeli babiza i-crankcase ngesump lapho uwoyela wenjini udonsa futhi ugcinwe khona. Ezinjini ezinama-stroke amabili, ukwakheka kwe-crankcase kuqinisekisa isikhathi esifanele.

Itholakala kuphi i-crankcase? Lona umzimba oyinhloko weyunithi yamandla. I-crankshaft ifakiwe emgodini wayo (ngezansi). Ingaphezulu lekhredithi libizwa nge-cylinder block. Uma injini ikhulu ngokweqile, khona-ke le nto iyisiqeshana esisodwa ne-cylinder block, eyenziwe ngukuphonsa okukodwa. Ingxenye enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi i-crankcase. Ezinjini ezinkulu, lokhu kumila kunzima ukukwenza ekubunjweni okukodwa, ngakho-ke i-crankcase ne-cylinder block izingxenye ezihlukile zomzimba wenjini yomlilo wangaphakathi. Uma nge-crankcase umshayeli kusho u-pallet wakhe, khona-ke le ngxenye itholakala ezansi nenjini. le yingxenye ye-convex lapho kutholakala khona uwoyela (kweminye imishini, le ngxenye ikhishwa emafutheni igcinwe echibini elihlukile, ngakho-ke uhlelo lubizwa nge- "dry sump").