Iyini i-immobilizer futhi isebenza kanjani?
Okuqukethwe
I-immobilizer iyisisetshenziswa se-electronic anti-theft. Njengoba negama lisho, umsebenzi wayo wukuvimba imoto uma kwenzeka iqala injini ngaphandle kwemvume. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izingxenye zemoto ekhubazekile zihlala zivinjiwe ngisho noma i-immobilizer ikhutshaziwe noma ilinyazwe ngomshini.
Amamodeli alwa nokugetshengwa enza kube nokwenzeka ukuqalisa injini futhi ihambe ibanga elingamamitha angamakhulu ambalwa. Lapho imoto iqhelelene nomnikazi onokhiye okhethekile noma ikhadi, injini iyama. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka endaweni egcwele abantu, futhi abaduni akukho okunye abangakwenza ngaphandle kokushiya imoto. Lolu khetho luwusizo, isibonelo, uma umshayeli ekhohliswe ukuthi ashiye indawo yabagibeli noma aphonswe ngaphandle kwemoto injini isivele isebenza.
Ngabe i-immobilizer isebenza kanjani futhi ikhubaza ini?
Ama-immobilizers anamuhla ahlanganiswe ekugcwaliseni imoto nge-elekthronikhi futhi avimbe okungenani imisebenzi emibili eyinhloko yokuqala injini - uhlelo lukaphethiloli kanye nokushisa. Umsebenzi wayo usekelwe ekudluliselweni / ekufundweni kwekhodi eyingqayizivele, efana nendlela ama-transponder akwenza ngayo emigwaqweni ekhokhelwayo. Ngendlela ejwayelekile kakhulu, izakhi eziyinhloko zanoma iyiphi i-immobilizer yilezi:
- ukhiye wokushisa (i-transmitter), i-fob yokhiye ene-chip eyakhelwe ngaphakathi enekhodi eyingqayizivele efakwe ngaphambili;
- iyunithi yokulawula ngogesi (ECU). Ifunda amasignali kukhiye bese ithumela imiyalo kumasistimu emoto;
- idivayisi esebenzayo, ehlanganisa ukudluliselwa kwe-elekthronikhi okukodwa noma ngaphezulu. Iswishi ixhuma noma iphule amasekhethi okuphakelwa kwamandla futhi ngaleyo ndlela ivimbe izingxenye ezithile zemoto noma izivumele ukuthi zisebenze.
I-immobilizer isebenza kanje: lapho umshayeli ezama ukuqalisa injini, ikhodi ebethelwe esuka kukhiye idluliselwa kukhompyutha, futhi iyayifunda. Uma ilungile, khona-ke izinhlelo zokuqalisa injini zizovulwa futhi imoto izokwazi ukuqala ukuhamba. "Okhiye" abathuthuke kakhulu basebenzisa amakhodi okuphepha agingqikayo. Eqinisweni, lokhu ukuhlonza okunamazinga amabili, lapho kukhona i-cipher engapheli kanye neyesibili, eshintshayo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho injini iqalwa, ikhompuyutha ikhiqiza ikhodi yesibili futhi iyigcine enkumbulweni. Ngakho, i-immobilizer iqala ngokufunda ikhodi yomuntu siqu bese icela ikhodi ephumayo.
Ezinye izinhlobo zama-immobilizer zidinga ukuthi kufakwe ngesandla i-PIN khodi, ezinye zingalawulwa kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ze-smartphone nge-Bluetooth. Kukhona futhi amasistimu avimbela ngokuzimela ukuqala kwenjini ngemva kwesikhathi esinqunyiwe.
Ukuze uthole ukuthi imoto inawo yini umshini wokuvinjelwa embonini, vele ubheke incwadi yomnikazi wayo. Izoqukatha ulwazi mayelana nohlobo lwesistimu nokuthi lusetshenziswa kanjani. Lapho uthenga imoto "esandleni", umnikazi wangaphambili cishe uzokutshela mayelana ne-immobilizer lapho uthengisa. Kodwa zikhona izindlela "zabantu". Ukuze wenze lokhu, isihluthulelo sihlanganiswe ngokuqinile nge-foil yokudla futhi sifakwe ekushiseni. Uma imoto ingaqali, khona-ke i-immobilizer ifakiwe. Futhi, ukutholakala kwesistimu kungabhekwa ngokubiza umthengisi.
Izinhlobo zama-immobilizer
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-immobilizers ezihlukile:
- indlela yokuvula - ukuthintana (ngokhiye wokuxhumana, ikhodi nezigxivizo zeminwe) kanye nokungathinteki;
- uhlobo lokufakwa - okujwayelekile okuvela embonini nokunye okwengeziwe;
- ukudluliswa kwesignali - static noma ashukumisayo. Esimweni sokuqala, ikhodi eyodwa engashintshiwe idluliselwa, okwesibili - eshintshayo.
Ngokhiye wokuxhumana. Icushwa ngokuthintana ngokomzimba - okungukuthi, ngesikhathi lapho ukhiye ufakwa khona kumshini wokuthungela. Lawa amamodeli okuqala futhi alula. Umsebenzi wabo usekelwe esimisweni esilula sokuvala / ukuvula othintana nabo, okulandelwa ukucubungula nokudluliselwa kwesignali kagesi. Idivayisi yokuxhumana ingaba nganoma yiluphi uhlobo - kusukela kumathebulethi aphelelwe yisikhathi (njengaku-intercom) kuya kokhiye abajwayeleke kakhudlwana.
Ikhodi. Ama-immobilizer anjalo angabhekwa njengohlobo lokuxhumana. Ukuze uzisebenzise, awudingi nje kuphela ukuxhuma isifundi se-chip, kodwa futhi ufake i-PIN khodi eyengeziwe kukhibhodi ekhethekile. Kwezinye izinhlelo, ukuze uvule kuyadingeka ukucindezela, isibonelo, i-pedal inombolo ethile yezikhathi, ezilingana nedijithi yokuqala yekhodi.
Izigxivizo zeminwe ezivimbela ukuhamba. Isistimu enjalo ikhomba umnikazi ngokusekelwe kudatha ye-biometric, okungukuthi isigxivizo somunwe. Uma idatha ifana, uhlelo luzosebenza. Uma kwenzeka umshayeli ephoqelekile ukuthi afunde umbhalo engcupheni, umsebenzi wokuphrinta "ophazamisayo" unikezwa. Khona-ke injini izovulwa futhi izosebenza isikhathi esithile, kodwa maduze izoma.
Ama-immobilizers angathintwa. Leli yiqembu lonke lezinhlelo zesimanje ezihluke kakhulu ngobubanzi. Ngokuya ngombandela wokugcina, zingahlukaniswa zibe izinqamuleli zebanga elifushane, ibanga elide (elinesiteshi somsakazo) kanye nama-immobilizer ebanga elide anenzwa yokunyakaza. Ukhiye ophathekayo ungaba ngohlobo lwe-keychain, ikhadi lesikweletu, nanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo. Basebenza ngothi olutholayo - inzwa encane efihlwe ku-trim yangaphakathi. Ububanzi bezinhlelo ezinjalo busuka kumasentimitha ambalwa ukusuka ku-antenna kuya ku-1-5 m.
Iyiphi i-immobilizer engcono?
Uma ufuna ukuhlomisa imoto yakho nge-anti-theft system ethuthuke kakhulu noma i-immobilizer ekhona idinga ukushintshwa, khona-ke kukhona izinketho ezimbili - zikhethele wena noma uxhumane nochwepheshe. Ukufakwa, noma kunjalo, kungcono ukwethemba ochwepheshe kunoma yikuphi - kunokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Uma unquma ukukhetha i-immobilizer ngokwakho, nanka amanye amathiphu:
- Hlola izici: inombolo yezindawo zokuphepha, uhlobo lokulawula, indlela yokuvimbela injini, uhlobo lwesignali, imisebenzi eyengeziwe (ngokuvamile ukuphepha kanye nesevisi), ukuba khona kwamamojula omsakazo engeziwe;
- Ungakhethi izinhlelo zokuvikela isabelomali ezivela kubakhiqizi abangaziwa;
- Naka isikhathi sewaranti, esimweni sezinhlelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu yiminyaka emi-3;
- Ukuba khona kwama-algorithms okulwa nokugetshengwa (kuvimbela ukweba uma kumiswe erobhothini);
- Gcwalisa i-immobilizer nge-alamu yemoto.
Uma kungenzeka ukufaka iyunithi yokulawula ngaphansi kwe-hood yemoto, unganqabi le nketho, ngoba lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka okuthembekile. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwesistimu noma phakathi nalo msebenzi, funda imiyalelo yokusebenza, futhi uzijwayeze nomdwebo wezintambo. Uma ukhathazeke kakhulu ngokuvikelwa kokwebiwa kwemoto, phatha i-fob yokhiye ene-transponder (uma kungeyona isistimu ye-Keyless) kuyinqwaba ehlukile noma ephaketheni lejakhethi yangaphakathi. Uma ilahleka, isivimbeli kuyodingeka sibhalwe kabusha.
Uhlu lwabakhiqizi be-immobilizer lubanzi impela. Ngisho namafemu amancane angena emakethe ngezikhathi ezithile. Amasistimu amaningi okulwa nokweba athuthukiswa abakhiqizi base-Asia, kodwa imikhiqizo yabo cishe ayitholakali ezimakethe zaseYurophu. Imikhiqizo Edume Kakhulu:
- I-Starline;
- Isipoki;
- I-Pandect.
Amamodeli wesabelomali ngokuqhathaniswa wezinhlelo zokuzivikela angatholakala ngaphansi kwamagama emikhiqizo Pandora, Tiger, Tomahawk, Raptor. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi amamodeli amaningi ebhajethi aklanyelwe ukuphinda aqinisekise kunokuba anikeze isivikelo esingathi sína ekuntshontshweni.
Bheka futhi
