Iyini i-hydrocracked oil

Into entsha emakethe yoketshezi lwezimoto - uwoyela we-hydrocracking - ithole ukuhlolwa okuxubile phakathi kwabanikazi bezimoto. Abanye babheka le nto yokugcoba njengentuthuko yesimanje engcono kakhulu. Abanye banaka izici zokwenziwa kokuqukethwe futhi bakhulume kabi ngakho. Ngaphambi kokwenza iziphetho zokugcina, kufanelekile ukuqonda uwoyela we-hydrocracking - ukuthi iyini, yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zayo, nokuthi kufanelekile yini ukukhetha amafutha ale khwalithi emotweni yakho.

Okuqukethwe

• 1 Iyini i-hydrocracked oil
  • 1.1 Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza
  • 1.2 Izakhiwo Eziyisisekelo
  • 1.3 Izinzuzo nokungalungi
• 2 I-HC noma i-synthetic: yini okufanele uyikhethe nokuthi ungayihlukanisa kanjani
  • 2.1 Ukushintsha kusuka kuwoyela wokwenziwa uye kuwoyela we-hydrocracked
  • 2.2 Indlela yokuhlukanisa uwoyela we-hydrocracked ku-synthetic
    • 2.2.1 Ividiyo: Amafutha e-HC

Iyini i-hydrocracked oil

I-Hydrocracking inqubo yokucwenga uwoyela wesisekelo ukuze ukhiqize amafutha ayisisekelo anezici eziphezulu ze-viscosity. Ubuchwepheshe be-HC synthesis bathuthukiswa osokhemisi baseMelika ngeminyaka yawo-1970. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula kwe-hydrocatalytic, izingxenye zamafutha "ezimbi" ziguqulwa zibe ama-carbohydrate. Ukuguqulwa "kwamanzi amaminerali" ajwayelekile abe "i-synthetics" yekhwalithi ephakeme kwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya lezinqubo zamakhemikhali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-HC-oyili ikhiqizwa ngamafutha, njengamafutha amaminerali, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, isakhiwo se-molecular of the base sishintsha kakhulu. Ukwakhiwa okubangelwayo kulahlekelwa ngokuphelele izici zamafutha amaminerali.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-hydrocracking

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Ukuze uthole isithombe esiphelele se-GK-amafutha kuzovumela ukutadisha ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza. I-Hydrocracking iyindlela yokucwenga uwoyela wamaminerali ayisisekelo, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuletha izici zomkhiqizo wokugcina eduze nama-synthetics. Isisekelo samafutha ngamafutha, isakhiwo samangqamuzana esishintshwa kusetshenziswa izinqubo ezikhethekile zamakhemikhali. Ukuhlanza kunezigaba ezintathu:

1. I-Dewaxing. Ukukhishwa kwama-parafini emafutheni kunomthelela ekwandeni kwendawo yokuqandisa yokwakheka.
2. I-Hydrotreating. Kulesi sigaba, izingxenye ze-hydrocarbon zigcwele i-hydrogen futhi ngaleyo ndlela zishintsha ukwakheka kwazo. Amafutha athola ukumelana nezinqubo ze-oxidation.
3. I-Hydrocracking ukususwa kwezinhlanganisela zesulfure ne-nitrogen. Kulesi sigaba sokuhlanza, izindandatho ziyahlukaniswa, izibopho zigcwele, futhi amaketanga kapharafini aphukile.

Ukuhlanzwa kwezigaba ezintathu kukuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe uwoyela wokungcola okungadingekile futhi uthole ukwakheka kwamafutha okuhlukile kumaminerali ajwayelekile, okwenziwa noma angama-semi-synthetic. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi bahlukanisa i-HC-amafutha njengesigaba esihlukile samafutha.

Ubuchwepheshe be-Hydrocracking

Ngemuva kwenqubo yokucwenga, izithasiselo zokwenziwa zingeniswa emafutheni ukuze zinikeze izakhiwo zokugcina kanye namakhono okugcoba asezingeni eliphezulu.

Izakhiwo Eziyisisekelo

Isisekelo samafutha emoto sithinta i-viscosity yabo. Amafutha aminyene kakhulu angamaminerali, ama-thinnest awokwenziwa. Amafutha e-Hydrocracking, kanye ne-semi-synthetic, asendaweni ephakathi. Okukhethekile kwalokhu kugcoba ukuthi ngokobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kuseduze namaminerali, futhi ngokwezakhiwo zomzimba namakhemikhali - zokwenziwa.

Lolu hlobo lwamafutha lunezici zako kokubili amafutha amaminerali kanye nama-synthetic.

Isisekelo esakhiwe ubuchwepheshe be-hydrocracking sinezakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa namaminerali. Mayelana nokuhlanzeka, amafutha anjalo aseduze nama-synthetic, kodwa anezindleko eziphansi kakhulu.

Ibalulekile! I-HC-synthesis yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola i-lubricant nge-viscosity index yamayunithi angu-150, kuyilapho amafutha amaminerali ane-viscosity yamayunithi angu-100 kuphela. Ukwethulwa kwezithasiselo kuletha izingoma ze-hydrocracking eduze ngangokunokwenzeka kwezokwenziwa.

Izinzuzo nokungalungi

I-Multi-stage distillation kawoyela ngokunothiswa okulandelanayo ngezithasiselo kwenza uketshezi lwe-HA lube uwoyela wokugcoba wekhwalithi ephezulu. Izinzuzo zalokhu kuthambisa zimi kanje:

• Ukusebenza kahle ngaphansi kokulayisha ngokweqile kwemishini noma okushisayo;
• Ulaka oluncane kuma-elastomers;
• Ukumelana nokwakhiwa kwamadiphozithi;
• ukumelana ne-deformation;
• I-viscosity enhle;
• I-coefficient ephansi yokungqubuzana;
• I-solubility ephezulu yezithasiselo;
• Ubuhlobo bendawo.

Amafutha e-Hydrocracked anezinzuzo ezihlukile kanye nokubi

Ngezinzuzo ezisobala, lolu hlobo lwamafutha lunenombolo yokuntula okubalulekile:

• Ukwanda kokuhwamuka;
• Ukuthambekela kokuvusa ukwakheka kokugqwala;
• Ukuguga ngokushesha futhi, ngenxa yalokho, isidingo sokushintshwa njalo.

Naphezu kokushiyeka okuthile, abanikazi bezimoto abaningi bakhuluma kahle ngokusetshenziswa kwayo. Ngokuya ngekhwalithi, ingaphansi kancane kuphela kuwoyela wokwenziwa wezinga eliphezulu anezindleko eziphezulu. Inzuzo ngaphezu kokwenziwa kwezici ezifanayo yinani eliphansi kakhulu.

I-HC noma i-synthetic: yini okufanele uyikhethe nokuthi ungayihlukanisa kanjani

Ekupheleni kokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali esisekelo se-HA, izici zayo zingaphambi kwamafutha amaminerali, kodwa azifinyeleli ezingeni eliphezulu "ama-synthetics". Umqondo oyinhloko wabathuthukisi bamafutha amasha ukusondela ezinhlobonhlobo zokwenziwa ngenkathi kunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngokwethiyori, ukunakwa okuphelele kwazo zonke izinqubo zobuchwepheshe kungaqinisekisa ukutholwa komkhiqizo ongahlukile kowokwenziwa. Kodwa-ke, ubunzima obunjalo buzothinta ngokushesha intengo, ngakho-ke umgomo akunakwenzeka ukuba ulungiswe. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi bakhetha "incazelo yegolide": azikho izakhiwo zamafutha amaminerali emkhiqizweni omusha, kodwa ayikakwenziwa.

Ukukhethwa kwamafutha kufanele kusekelwe ezidingweni zenjini yemoto

Kodwa imboni yamakhemikhali ayikwazi ukunikeza noma yini ekahle kubanikazi bezimoto. I-Synthetics ne-hydrocracking inezinzuzo kanye nokubi:

1. Uwoyela we-synthetic umelana nokugcwala okumangalisayo, isivinini esikhulu, ukungena ekwakhiweni kukaphethiloli ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ikhwalithi. I-"Synthetics" isebenza ngokuphindwe kabili kune-HA futhi imelana nokushisa ngokweqile.
2. Kodwa-ke, mayelana nokuzinza ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, i-hydrocracking inenzuzo ecacile. Lo mkhiqizo ugcina i-viscosity kukho kokubili izinga lokushisa eliphezulu neliphansi ngokungavamile. Ngakho-ke, ingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha ebusika nasehlobo. Kwanele nje ukushintsha noma ukwengeza okokugcoba kaningi kune-"synthetics".
3. Uma usebenzisa i-GK-oyili, imingcele yokuqala injini kanye nezici zamandla ayo ziyathuthukiswa. Umkhiqizo unezinto zokugcoba ezingcono uma kuqhathaniswa ne "synthetics". kodwa-ke, izakhiwo ezimenyezelwe zezithasiselo zilahlekelwa ngokushesha ngokwanele, kanye nobudala be-lubricant.

Ibalulekile! Lapho ukhetha i-lubricant yenjini, kufanele ugxile ezicini zemoto yemoto ekhonjiswe encwadini yeziqondiso. Kudingekile ukucabangela izimo zokusebenza zemoto: kwezinye izifunda, izimo zomgwaqo zithinta izinga lokuvalwa kwamafutha, ngakho-ke akufanelekile ukuthenga umkhiqizo obizayo ukuze usetshenziswe isikhathi eside.

Ukushintsha kusuka kuwoyela wokwenziwa uye kuwoyela we-hydrocracked

Ubuchwepheshe benqubo yokushintsha kusuka kuwoyela wokwenziwa uye kuwoyela we-hydrocracked kuncike eminyakeni nesimo senjini. Emotweni endala, ngemva kokukhipha amanzi, kungcono ukususa i-pan bese ususa konke ukungcola kanye ne-soot, okungekho inani lokukhukhumeza elisiza ukuqeda.

Inqubo yokushintsha uwoyela ilula futhi ingaphakathi kwamandla anoma yimuphi umnikazi wemoto

Ezimotweni ezisanda kuqhathaniswa, kwanele ukwenza uwoyela ophindwe kabili. Ngemuva kokukhipha ama-synthetics, agcwalisa i-hydrocracking futhi ashayele i-200-300 km. Khona-ke le ngxenye yamafutha iyakhanywa futhi ithululwe entsha.

Ibalulekile! Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lapho ushintsha usuka emafutheni ekilasi eliphakeme uye kwelaphansi, uguquko olulula lwanele, ngaphandle kokuguquguquka nokugcwalisa.

Indlela yokuhlukanisa uwoyela we-hydrocracked ku-synthetic

Uma umnikazi wemoto ekhethe uwoyela we-hydrocracking, angase abe nobunzima bokuwubona. Okuwukuphela kwesiqondiso kubathengi abaningi abangenalwazi umbhalo ohambisanayo kuphakheji. Abanye abakhiqizi baqoka i-hydrocracking ngesifinyezo sesiLatini esithi HC. Kodwa ngokuvamile alukho uphawu olunjalo lokuhlonza ephaketheni, ngakho umthengi kufanele ajwayelane nezici ezihlukile zomkhiqizo:

1. Izindleko Izindleko zokukhiqiza zomkhiqizo we-HA zincane kakhulu kune-"synthetics", ngakho-ke intengo yomkhiqizo wokugcina iphansi kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, la mafutha abiza izikhathi eziningana kunamafutha amaminerali.
2. Izimpawu ezingacacile ngencazelo. I-American Petroleum Institute ilinganise uwoyela we-hydrocracked nawokwenziwa, ngakho-ke abakhiqizi abaningi bethula ukungaqondakali okuthile ekuqanjweni kwesigaba somkhiqizo: abalebuli "100% Synthetic" kulebula, kodwa babhala ngokusetshenziswa "kobuchwepheshe bokwenziwa". Uma kukhona amagama afanayo ebhange, uwoyela we-HC uphambi komthengi.

Ukuze uhlukanise amafutha e-hydrocracking ku-synthetic, udinga ukwazi amanye ama-nuances

Lezi zinkomba zibonisa kuphela isisekelo esisetshenziswa abakhiqizi. Kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa ngempela i-hydrocracking kuma-synthetics kuphela elabhorethri. Kodwa kunezinkomba ezimbalwa ezisobala okufanele uzinake lapho ukhetha i-lubricant:

• Umbhalo othi "Vollsynthetisches" wanele lapho i-lubricant yenziwa eJalimane: lapha umqondo wamafutha okwenziwa uchazwe ngokucacile ezingeni lomthetho;
• Amafutha amakwe ukuthi 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W kungenzeka kakhulu ngokuthi "hydrocracking" noma "semi-synthetics";
• Amafutha e-ZIC nawo wonke amafutha okugcoba ezimotweni zaseJapan ane-hydrocracked kuphela.

Ividiyo: Amafutha e-HC

AMAFUTHA AMAFUTHA: YINI NGEMPELA

Ngenxa yesilinganiso senani nekhwalithi, amafutha e-hydrocracking aya ngokuya ethandwa. Ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, lolu hlobo lwe-lubricant lungadlula "ama-synthetics" ngokuya ngemvamisa yokusetshenziswa.