Iyini i-fuse kagesi futhi isebenza kanjani?

Izingxenye zikagesi eziningi ezisendlini yakho zikweleta ukuphepha kwazo ngenxa yefuse.

Noma nini lapho uhlangabezana nokwanda kwamandla amakhulu kodwa uthole ukuthi isokhethi yakho yokunweba ayizange ishe phansi, i-fuse, uma isetshenzisiwe, iyisici esiqinisekisa ukuthi kunjalo.

Iyini i-fuse futhi isebenza kanjani?

Umqondisi wethu uzama ukuphendula le mibuzo namuhla njengoba sethula konke odinga ukukwazi ngomunye, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezihlukene nokuthi ihluke kanjani i-fuse ku-circuit breaker.

Ake sehlele ebhizinisini.

Yini i-fuse?

I-fuse kagesi iyithuluzi elincane elinomugqa omncane wekhondatha ovikela amakhaya nezinto zikagesi ekungeneni kwamandla amaningi. Lesi isisetshenziswa sokuvikela sikagesi esinqamula amandla esisetshenziswa noma isistimu kagesi uma ukugeleza kwamanje kudlula inani elinconyiwe.

Ugesi awuyona nje into edala ingozi yokushaqeka kukagesi kithi. Njengoba nje abantu benenani eliphakeme kakhulu lamandla kagesi angadlula emzimbeni ngaphandle kokushona, izinto zakho zikagesi namasistimu ngokuvamile anezilinganiso zawo zamanje kanye nezamandla kagesi. 

Uma ukunikezwa kwamandla kweqa le mikhawulo, amasistimu akho kagesi abhekana nengozi ebulalayo. Ezindlini nasemabhizinisini, lokhu kusho ukuchitha imali eningi ukulungisa noma ngisho nokufaka esikhundleni semishini ebizayo nemishini kagesi. 

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuqhuma okunjalo, lapho kungekho ukuvikelwa, kungabangela ngisho nomlilo futhi kube yingozi kakhulu kumuntu. Ukuze uvikele emiphumeleni emibi ye-overcurrent, i-fuse iqala ukusebenza.

Yenzani i-fuse?

Ukuze uvikeleke ekukhuphukeni kwamandla, umugqa omncane wokuhambisa ku-fuse uyancibilika futhi uphule umjikelezo. Ngakho-ke, ukugeleza kukagesi kwezinye izingxenye kumjikelezo kuphazamiseka futhi lezi zingxenye zigcinwa ekushiseni. I-fuse isetshenziswa njengesisulu sokuvikela okudlulele. 

I-conductor encane iyintambo yangaphakathi noma i-elementi eyenziwe nge-zinc, ithusi, noma i-aluminium, kanye nezinye izinsimbi ezingabikezelwa.

I-fuse ifakwe ochungechungeni kumjikelezo ukuze wonke amanje ageleze kuwo. Ku-fuse ngokwayo, izintambo zifakwa phakathi kwamatheminali amabili futhi zithintane namatheminali kuzo zombili iziphetho. 

Ngaphezu kokushaywa amandla ngenxa yokunikezwa kwamandla amaningi, ama-fuse abuye avunguze uma kukhona isifunda esifushane noma iphutha eliphansi.

Iphutha eliphansi lenzeka lapho kukhona umqhubi wangaphandle kusekethe osebenza njengenye indawo.

Lesi sijikelezo esifushane singabangelwa isandla somuntu nanoma iyiphi into yensimbi ehlangana nocingo oluphilayo. I-fuse kagesi eyenzelwe lokhu nayo iyaphephetha noma incibilike.

Ukuthola ukuthi i-fuse iqhumile kulula yini. Ungakwazi ukuhlola ngeso lengqondo izinhlobo ezibonisa ngale ukuze ubone ukuthi intambo iphukile, incibilikile, noma ishile yini.

Ungasebenzisa futhi i-multimeter ukuhlola ukuqhubeka kwe-fuse. Lena indlela yokuxilonga enembe kakhulu.

Izici zamafuse kagesi

Amafuse eza ngemiklamo ehlukene futhi anezilinganiso ezihlukene. Isilinganiso se-fuse yinani eliphezulu lamanje noma i-voltage engadlula ocingweni lwayo lwensimbi oluncane ngaphambi kokuba incibilike.

Lesi silinganiso ngokuvamile singaphansi ngo-10% kunesilinganiso sedivayisi evikelwa yifuse, ngakho ukuvikela kwanele.

I-fuse ingaba namandla okuphuka ahlukene kanye nezikhathi zokusebenza ezihlukene kuye ngohlobo lwefuse.

isilinganiso samanje

Isilinganiso samanje siwumkhawulo wamanje ifuse elinganiselwe ngawo. Noma yikuphi ukweqisa kancane kwalesi silinganiso kuholela ekushisweni kwentambo.

Kodwa-ke, lesi silinganiso sihlala sisetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nesilinganiso se-voltage kanye nesilinganiso sesikhathi sohambo, esincike kumjikelezo lapho kusetshenziswa khona i-fuse. 

Izinga lamandla kagesi

Njengesilinganiso samanje, isilinganiso se-voltage ye-fuse yi-voltage ephezulu umugqa wensimbi ongawuphatha. Kodwa-ke, lapho kunqunywa lesi silinganiso, ngokuvamile sisethwa ngaphezu kwe-voltage yokuhlinzeka evela emthonjeni.

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma kunamadivayisi amaningana ohlelweni lukagesi asebenzisa amandla afanayo alinganiselwe kodwa ahlukene. I-voltage elinganiselwe imvamisa isethelwa ku-voltage ephezulu ephephile. 

Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlobo zamandla kagesi aphakathi nendawo azisetshenziswa kumasekhethi kagesi aphansi noma kumasistimu ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukuvikela okuthembekile kwengxenye. 

Isikhathi sokuphendula

Isikhathi se-fuse ukubambezeleka ngaphambi kokuthi umucu wensimbi ushise. Lesi sikhathi sokuphendula sihlobene eduze nesilinganiso samanje ukuze kunikezwe ukuvikeleka okwanele. 

Isibonelo, amafusi ajwayelekile adinga umthombo wamandla ophindwe kabili ukulinganisa kwawo ukuze uvuthe ngomzuzwana owodwa, kuyilapho amafuse avuthela ngokushesha anesilinganiso esifanayo namandla angavuthela ngamasekhondi angu-0.1. I-fuse ye-time lag inqamula amandla ngemva kwamasekhondi angaphezu kwe-10. 

Ukukhethwa kwazo kuncike ekuzweleni nasezicini zedivayisi evikelwe.

Amafuse asebenza ngokushesha asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezinezingxenye ezizwela kakhulu ekukhuphukeni okuncane kwamanje, kuyilapho amafuse ashaya kancane noma ashaya kancane asetshenziswa kumamotho lapho izingxenye ngokuvamile zidweba zamanje kakhulu kunokuvamile imizuzwana embalwa. 

Amandla aphukayo

Umthamo wokuphulwa kwe-fuse isilinganiso esisetshenziswa ezinguqulweni ze-high breaking capacity (HRC). Amafuse e-HRC avumela i-overcurrent ukuthi idlule isikhathi esithile kulindelwe ukuthi izokwehla. Bese bephuka noma bancibilike uma lokhu kufinyezwa kungenzeki. 

Kungenzeka ukuthi uqagele kahle ukuthi lokhu kuqondene nezinhlobo zokulibaziseka kwesikhathi futhi indawo yokuphumula iwumkhawulo wamanje ovunyelwe ngalesi sikhathi sokulibaziseka esifushane. 

Uma isikhathi sokulibaziseka esilinganiselwe singafinyelelwanga, kodwa amandla okuqina eqiwe, i-fuse iyashaya noma iyancibilika. Lolu uhlobo lwesivikelo esikabili. Mayelana nalokhu, amafuse e-HRC angaphinde abizwe ngokuthi amafuse we-high breaking capacity (HBC).

Kukhona futhi amafuse e-HRC kagesi aphezulu asetshenziswa kumasekhethi kagesi kagesi aphezulu kanye namafuse we-HRC kagesi aphansi asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusabalalisa amandla kagesi aphansi. Lawa mafuse e-HRC kagesi aphansi ngokuvamile amakhulu kunamafusi avamile.

Umklamo we-fuse

Ngokuvamile, isilinganiso se-fuse sinquma amandla ayo kanye nomklamo. Isibonelo, kumafuse amandla aphezulu ungathola imichilo eminingana noma izintambo zensimbi, kuyilapho amanye ama-fuse esebenzisa izinduku zensimbi ukusekela umucu ekujikeni.

Abanye basebenzisa izinto zokulawula ukuhlukana kwensimbi, futhi uzothola izintambo zeribhoni ezenziwe ukuze zibukeke njengeziphethu ukuze kusheshiswe inqubo yokuhlukanisa. 

Umlando we-Fuse

Umlando we-fuse uhlehlela emuva ku-1864. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho uBreguet ehlongoze ukuthi kusetshenziswe umshini wokushayela esizeni ukuvikela iziteshi zocingo ekushayweni kombani. Khona-ke, ngenxa yale njongo, kwadalwa izintambo eziningi zokuqhuba ezisebenza ncamashi njengefuse. 

Kodwa-ke, kwaze kwafika ngo-1890 lapho uThomas Edison agunyaza khona ukusetshenziswa kwefuse ezinhlelweni zokusabalalisa ugesi ukuze kuvikelwe amakhaya kulokhu kukhuphuka okukhulu kwamanje. 

Yiziphi izinhlobo zamafuse?

Ngokuvamile, kunezigaba ezimbili zamafuse. Lawa amafuse e-AC kanye namafuse e-DC. Akunzima ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwakho kokubili.

Amafuse e-AC avele asebenze ne-AC kuyilapho amafuse e-DC asebenza ne-DC. Kodwa-ke, umehluko owodwa obalulekile phakathi kwakho kokubili ukuthi ungathola ukuthi amafuse e-DC makhudlwana kunamafuse e-AC.

Manje lezi zigaba ezimbili zamafuse zihlukaniswe ngamafuse kagesi aphansi kanye namafuse kagesi aphezulu. Izinketho eziqondile kakhulu ze-fuse zibe sezihlelwa ngokwala maqembu amabili.

Amafuse kagesi aphansi

Amafuse kagesi aphansi amafuse asebenza ngesilinganiso samandla kagesi aphansi. Zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezinhlanu; amafuse e-cartridge, ama-plug-in fuse, ama-fuse anomthelela, ama-changeover fuse nama-pull-out.

• Amafuse kagesi ashintshwayo. Amafuse ashintshekayo asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusabalalisa amandla ezindlini nasemahhovisi. Lawa ngokuvamile ama-fuse ahlanganiswe ngobumba anesibambo esisebenza nesisekelo se-fuse. Futhi banamatheminali ama-blade amabili okwamukela nokukhipha ugesi kusekethe, njengedizayini ye-fuse evamile.

Ama-fuse angasuswa asetshenziswa ezindaweni zasekhaya nezamahhovisi ngenxa yokuxhuma kalula nokuwasusa esisekelweni. 

• Amafuse e-Cartridge: Lawa amafuse anazo zonke izingxenye zekhonteyina ezivaleke ngokuphelele esitsheni, okuvezwe amatheminali esekethe kuphela. Amafuse e-Cartridge eza ngezindlela eziningi futhi anezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene.

Amafuse e-cartridge ohlobo lwe-D amise okwebhodlela futhi avame ukutholakala ezintweni ezincane. Ngokuvamile zifakwa ku-ceramic case eneziphetho zensimbi ukuze ziqhube ugesi.

Amafuse amafuse e-HRC kagesi aphansi, kuyilapho amafuse e-blade engashintshwa kalula, njengoba engakwazi ukuxhumeka kabusha, kodwa ambozwe ngepulasitiki esikhundleni salokho. Ama-blade fuse asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni.

• Amafuse okushaya ugesi: Ifuse yesigadli ayisebenzisi umucu omncane oncibilikayo. Kunalokho, ikhipha iphinikhodi yokuxhumana ukuze iphule isekethe futhi iphinde isebenze njengenkomba yangaphandle yokubona ukuthi ingabe ifuse ivuthelile.
• Ukushintsha amafuse: Lawa amafuse asetshenziswa kumasistimu kagesi aphansi anamaswishi angaphandle angasetshenziswa ukuvala noma ukuvula indlela yamanje. 
• Amafusi adonsela phansi: Amafuse adonsela phansi akhipha umucu oncibilikisiwe kusuka ngezansi futhi avame ukutholakala ezinhlelweni zokumiswa kwe-voltage ephansi ye-transformer. 

Amafuse kagesi aphezulu

Amafuse kagesi aphezulu afika ngezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene. Kukhona amafusi kagesi aphezulu we-HRC asebenzisa uketshezi ukucisha i-arc.

Siphinde sibe namafuse aphumayo asebenzisa i-boric acid ukuphazamisa inqubo, kanye namafuse ohlobo lwe-cartridge HRC asebenza ngokufana nozakwabo bamandla kagesi aphansi. 

Kufanele asetshenziswe kuphi ama-fuse?

Amafuse ajwayele ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-AC ezincane nezinkulu ezinama-transformer. Amafuse kagesi aphezulu anezilinganiso eziphezulu zamanje asetshenziswa kuma-transformer esistimu yamandla asebenza afinyelela ku-115,000 volts. 

Amafuse kagesi aphansi naphakathi asetshenziselwa ukuvikela amasistimu ama-transformer kagesi amancane. Lokhu kubandakanya, phakathi kokunye, amasistimu kumathelevishini, amafriji namakhompyutha. 

Futhi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukufaka i-fuse noma kuphi kumjikelezo, kungcono ukuyifaka ekuqaleni kwesistimu. Kungakho ubona amafuse efakwe kumapulaki ezinto zikagesi noma ngaphambili kwendawo yokuxhumana eyinhloko ye-transformer.

Ayini amabhlogo we-fuse?

Amabhokisi e-Fuse angamahabhu kumasistimu kagesi afaka ama-fuse amaningi avikela izingxenye ezahlukene zekhaya lakho noma ihhovisi. Asebenza njengendlela ezenzakalelayo yokuvikela ukuhlinza uma idivayisi yakho eyodwa ingafakelwe i-fuse yangaphakathi. 

Ngokuvamile uzobona amabhokisi e-fuse abizwa ngokuthi ama-switch panel noma amabhokisi okuhlangana, kodwa wonke enza umsebenzi ofanayo. Zibamba amafusi alinganiselwe ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi nambili. 

Nakuba amabhokisi e-fuse akudala ayekalwe ngama-amps angu-60 kuphela, namuhla sibona amabhokisi e-fuse anesilinganiso esiphelele sama-amps angu-200. Lesi isamba sezilinganiso zawo wonke amafusi angawodwana ebhokisini.

Manje, amabhokisi e-fuse avame ukudideka namabhokisi ama-circuit breaker.

Umehluko phakathi kwamafuse anama-circuit breaker

Ama-Circuit breaker enza umsebenzi ofanayo nama-fuse kagesi; bavikela izinto zasendlini ekukhuphukeni kukagesi ngokuvimba umjikelezo. Nokho, indlela la madivayisi womabili enza ngayo lokhu ihlukile.

Esikhundleni sokuba nomugqa oncibilikisiwe noma okhishiwe, ama-circuit breaker asebenza noxhumana nabo bangaphakathi namaswishi angaphandle. Oxhumana nabo bangaphakathi ngokuvamile baqeda isekethe, kodwa bayasuswa lapho kukhona i-overcurrent. Ukulawulwa kwangaphandle kwe-circuit breaker kusiza ukubeka othintana nabo kanye ne-circuit breaker ibe yisimo sokuzivikela. 

Kulokhu ungabona ukuthi ngenkathi ama-fuse ehlala eshintshwa lapho eqhuma, ama-circuit breaker angasetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Udinga nje ukuwasetha kabusha. Amabhokisi e-circuit breaker abe esehlanganisa eziningi zalezi zinguquko kunokuba ama-fuse. 

Nini esikhundleni se-fuse

I-fuse ingahlala impilo yonke uma ifakwe kumasistimu kagesi anconyiwe futhi kungekho ukuphakama kwamandla. Lokhu kuyafana uma ingafakwanga endaweni emanzi noma emanzi lapho ijwayele ukugqwala khona.

Kodwa-ke, kufanele ushintshe ama-fuse njalo ngemva kweminyaka engu-20-30 yokusetshenziswa. Lokhu isikhathi sabo sokuphila esivamile.

Ividiyo yomhlahlandlela

Iyini I-Fuse Kagesi Futhi Isebenza Kanjani

isiphetho

Ukusebenzisa izinto zikagesi ezingenawo i-fuse kagesi noma ukuba nekhaya elingenayo ibhokisi le-fuse likagesi kuyinkomba yezinhlekelele zikagesi nezomlilo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi qiniseka ukuthi i-fuse efanele ifakwe ezinhlelweni zikagesi noma kumasekhethi, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uyayishintsha uma ishaywa umoya.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Isetshenziselwani i-fuse?

I-fuse isetshenziselwa ukuvikela ama-circuits kusukela ekukhuphukeni kwamandla noma kumaphutha aphansi. Inomucu wensimbi wangaphakathi ophukayo noma oshisayo ukuze usike indlela yamanje futhi unqamule ukunikezwa kwamandla.

Ingabe i-fuse inciphisa amandla amanje?

Ama-fuse akhawula wamanje kuphela anciphisa ukunikezwa kwamandla lapho ukukhuphuka kwamandla kwenzeka kumjikelezo. Abanye abanciphisi i-current kuma-circuits, kodwa bavimbele ngokuphelele ukuthi bangagelezi.