Kusho ukuthini ukumaka izibani zangaphambili zemoto (indawo nokukhishwa kwamakhodi)

Ukukhanyisa kwezimoto kudlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lokuphepha, futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezilambuni. Ngokuvamile le mishini yokukhanyisa ihlanganisa imishayo ephansi nephezulu, ngezinye izikhathi izibani zemini (DRL), izibani zenkungu (PTF), kanye nezibani eziseceleni kanye nezinkomba zokuqondisa zifakiwe kumabhulokhi. Konke lokhu kuyinto efiselekayo ukunakwa ekubhalweni kwe-alphanumeric emacaleni abo.

Yini ongayifunda kumalambu angaphambili

Ulwazi oluncane oludingekayo oluzomakwa ngokuvamile luhlanganisa:

• izakhiwo, uhlobo nobuchwepheshe bezibani ezisetshenzisiwe;
• ukunqunywa kwesibani sangaphambili ngesimo sokusetshenziswa kwaso;
• izinga lokukhanya komgwaqo elidalwe idivayisi;
• igama lezwe elivumele ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sibani sangaphambili futhi lagunyaza izimo zalo zobuchwepheshe kanye nesitifiketi sokuvumelana nesampula elithunyelwe ukuze lihlolwe;
• ulwazi olwengeziwe, okuhlanganisa izici zezimoto okusetshenziswa kuzo lokhu kukhanya, usuku lokukhiqiza nezinye izici.

Izimpawu azihlali zihlangene nanoma iyiphi indinganiso yamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa ingxenye enkulu yamakhodi cishe ihambisana nesethi yezifinyezo ezamukelwa ngokuvamile.

Indawo

Kunezimo ezimbili zokumaka indawo, ezingilazini zokuvikela ze-optics kanye nangemuva kwendlu yepulasitiki yesibani sangaphambili.

Indlela yesibili isetshenziswa uma kungenzeka ukufaka esikhundleni izibuko ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngaphandle kokwenqaba umhlangano wokukhanya, nakuba kungekho ukungaqondakali kule ndaba noma.

Kwesinye isikhathi ulwazi olwengeziwe lusetshenziswa ngendlela yezitikha. Lokhu akuthembeki kangako uma kunesidingo esingokomthetho sokuhlola ukuthobelana kwelambu nezidingo ezimisiwe, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukukhohliswa kwezitikha ezinjalo kuhilela isibopho ngaphansi komthetho.

Imiphumela yokusebenzisa izibani zangaphambili ezinokuphambuka esitifiketini ingaba mibi kakhulu.

Incazelo yezifinyezo

Cishe ayikho imibhalo efundeka ngokuqondile ekumaka. Iqukethe kuphela izimpawu ezidinga ukuqoshwa ngokuvumelana namathebula akhethekile namazinga.

Isibonelo:

• Indawo yedivayisi kanye nesiqondiso sesenzo sayo kubhalwa ngekhodi izimpawu A, B, C, R kanye nezinhlanganisela zazo ezifana ne-CR, C / R, lapho u-A esho ikhanda noma ukukhanya okusemaceleni, B - ukukhanya kwenkungu, C no-R, ngokulandelana, i-beam ephansi nephezulu, uma kuhlangene ukusetshenziswa - insimbi ehlanganisiwe.
• Ngokohlobo lwe-emitter esetshenzisiwe, amakhodi ahlukaniswa ngezinhlamvu H noma D, okusho ukusetshenziswa kwezibani ze-halogen zakudala noma izibani zokukhipha igesi, ngokulandelana, ezibekwe ngaphambi kokumaka okuyinhloko kwedivayisi.
• Ukumaka kwesifunda kuhlanganisa uhlamvu E, ngezinye izikhathi oluchazwa ngokuthi "ukukhanya kwaseYurophu", okungukuthi, ukusatshalaliswa kokukhanya okuvunyelwe eYurophu. I-DOT noma i-SAE yezibani zangaphambili zesitayela saseMelika ezinejiyomethri ekhanyayo ehlukile, kanye nezinhlamvu zedijithali ezengeziwe ukukhombisa ngokunembile isifunda (izwe), kukhona cishe ikhulu lazo, kanye nezindinganiso zekhwalithi zendawo noma zamazwe ngamazwe leli zwe elinamathela kuzo. , ngokuvamile i-ISO yomhlaba wonke.
• Uhlangothi lokunyakaza olwamukelwayo lwelambu elinikeziwe liyamakwa ngempela, ngokuvamile ngomcibisholo obheke kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele, kuyilapho izinga laseMelika, elingahlinzekeli ukufana kwe-asymmetry yokukhanya, alinawo umcibisholo onjalo noma kokubili khona kanyekanye.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuboniswa ulwazi olungabalulekile kangako, izwe okwakhiwa ngalo umshini wokukhanyisa, ukuba khona kwamalensi nezibonisi, izinto ezisetshenziswayo, ikilasi ngamandla okugeleza okukhanyayo, ama-engeli okuthambekela ngamaphesenti ekuqondeni okujwayelekile ugongolo olucwilisiwe, ibheji yohlobo lwe-homologation yohlobo oluyisibopho.

Lonke ulwazi lokukhipha amakhodi luthatha inani elibalulekile, eliyinkimbinkimbi ngokuba khona kwamazinga angaphakathi avela kubakhiqizi. Ukuba khona kwalezi zimpawu eziyingqayizivele kungenza kube lula ukwahlulela ikhwalithi yesibani kanye nokuba ngomunye wabakhiqizi abahamba phambili.

izitika ze-xenon headlight

Ukumaka uhlobo lwelambu

Amalambu aphumayo angaba ngolunye lwezinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• Okujwayelekile izibani ze-incandescent, okwamanje ayisetshenziswa;
• IHalogen izibani lapho i-filament isebenza endaweni yamagesi akhethekile, enciphisa kakhulu ukuhwamuka kwezinto ngesikhathi sokusebenza futhi ivumele ukuthi isebenze ngamandla okufaka aphakeme kakhulu isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokululaza ukusebenza;
• Okubizwa kanjalo xenon, okungukuthi, izibani zokukhipha igesi, lapho umthombo wokukhanya ungeyona i-filament, kodwa ukukhishwa kwegesi ephezulu-voltage okukhiqizwa iyunithi ekhethekile yokushisa i-electronic, izibani ezinjalo zikuvumela ukuba uqhubeke nokwandisa amandla okukhanya okukhanyayo;
• Amalambu asebenzisa i-solid state emitters esekelwe Ama-LED, isixazululo sesimanje kakhulu sobuchwepheshe esikuvumela ukuthi udale ukugeleza okukhanyayo okunamandla ngokusetshenziswa okuncane kwamandla, kanye nokusebenzisa imithombo yokukhanya ye-matrix;
• I-Laser amalambu, lapho ukukhanya kukhishwa khona ipuleti le-fluorescent elijatshuliswe yi-solid-state laser beam.

Yonke le mithombo iphinde imakwe ezindlini ze-optics, ngoba, ngokwezidingo zokuphepha, isibani esihloselwe sona kuphela singasetshenziswa ekukhanyeni. Yonke imizamo yokushintsha umthombo wokukhanya ngenye indlela enamandla kakhulu, elungele ngisho nobukhulu bokufaka, ayikho emthethweni futhi iyingozi.

Ukucacisa izibani zangaphambili ze-LED

Uma kubalwa imithombo yokukhanya kwe-LED, izinhlamvu ze-LED ziphawulwa ku-headlight housing, okusho ukuthi i-Light-Emitting Diode, i-light-emitting diode.

Kulokhu, ukukhanya kwekhanda kungamakwa ngokuhambisana njengoba kuhloselwe izibani ze-halogen ezivamile, okungukuthi, i-HR, i-HC, i-HCR, engabangela ukudideka okuthile.

Kodwa-ke, lawa amadivaysi okukhanyisa ahluke ngokuphelele futhi akwamukeleki ukubeka izibani ze-LED ezikhanyayo ze-halogen. Kodwa lokhu akulawulwa nganoma iyiphi indlela emithethweni yezobuchwepheshe ekhona, esivumela ukuba sicabangele izibani ezinjalo ezimweni eziphikisanayo njenge-halogen. Ukumaka okuhlukile kuchazwe ngokucacile ku-xenon kuphela.

Ikuphi ukumaka okufanele kube kumalambu e-xenon

Ama-emitters akhipha igesi, okungukuthi, i-xenon, anohlobo oluchazwe kahle lwezibonisi nama-deflectors noma amalensi, amakwe ngohlamvu D ekumaka.

Isibonelo, i-DC, i-DR, i-DC/R, ngokulandelanayo ye-beam ephansi, i-high beam nezibani zangaphambili ezihlanganisiwe. Akukho futhi akukwazi ukushintshashintsha lapha mayelana nezibani, yonke imizamo yokufaka i-xenon ezibani ze-halogen ijeziswa kanzima, njengoba ukuphuphuthekisa abashayeli abazayo kuholela ezingozini ezimbi.

Kungani kudingeka izitikha zezibani zangaphambili ze-xenon

Ngezinye izikhathi izitika zisetshenziswa abakhiqizi bezinto ezibonakalayo esikhundleni sokumaka engilazini noma kumakesi epulasitiki. Kodwa lokhu kuyivelakancane, abakhiqizi abakhulu basebenzisa amakhodi lapho bekhipha izingxenye, ngakho-ke kwethembeka kakhulu uma kwenzeka icala.

Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi izimoto zishintshwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi esikhundleni sezibani ze-halogen, ukukhanyisa kuguqulwa i-xenon ngokushintsha kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukushintsha, ukuphazamiseka kwesifunda sikagesi kanye ne-electronics yemoto.

Zonke lezi zenzo zidinga isitifiketi esiyisibopho, ngenxa yalokho kuvela isitikha, esibonisa ukuba semthethweni kwalokhu kulungisa. Izenzo ezifanayo zizodingeka uma imoto, ngakho-ke izibani, zazihloselwe izwe elinamanye amazinga angahambisani nemithetho yokuthutha yamanje.

Kwesinye isikhathi lezi zitikha zenziwe ngomgunyathi. Lokhu kujeziswa ngumthetho futhi kubalwa kalula ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwemoto, okubandakanya ukuvinjelwa kokusebenza nokujeziswa komnikazi.