I-Adaptive cruise control (ACC): idivayisi, isimiso sokusebenza nemithetho yokusebenzisa emgwaqeni
Okuqukethwe
Ukwandisa ukunethezeka kwezimoto kuhlanganisa nokukhipha umshayeli kulawo ma-functions e-monotonous angakwazi ukuwenza. Kufaka nokugcina isivinini. Amadivayisi anjalo ayaziwa isikhathi eside, abizwa ngokuthi ama-cruise controls.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezinjalo zisuka kokulula kuye kokuyinkimbinkimbi, okwamanje sezivele zikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zangaphandle, njengoba zithole amakhono afana nombono wezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemvelo.
Iyini i-adaptive cruise control futhi ihluke kanjani kwejwayelekile
I-cruise control system elula kakhulu ibonakale njengentuthuko eyengeziwe yesikhawuli sesivinini, esingavumeli umshayeli ukuba eqe imingcele evunyelwe noma enengqondo.
Ushintsho olunengqondo ku-limiter kwaba ukwethulwa komsebenzi wokulawula, lapho kungenzeka ukuthi ungacimi kuphela igesi lapho umkhawulo wejubane usethiwe, kodwa futhi nokugcina inani layo ezingeni elikhethiwe. Yile sethi yemishini eyaziwa ngokuthi i-cruise control yokuqala.
Ibonakale emuva ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-50s yekhulu lama-20 ezimotweni zaseMelika, ezaziwa ngezimfuno zazo eziphezulu zokunethezeka kwabashayeli.
Imishini yathuthuka, yashibhile, ngenxa yalokho, kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlomisa izinhlelo zokulawula isivinini ngemisebenzi yokubuka izithiyo phambi kwemoto.
Ukwenza lokhu, ungasebenzisa izindawo ezisebenza kumabanga ahlukene wefrikhwensi wemisebe kagesi. Izinzwa zihlukaniswe zaba yilezo ezisebenza ngamaza aphezulu kakhulu ebangeni le-infrared, lapho kwasetshenziswa khona amalaser e-IR (lidars), kanye namarada endabuko aphansi.
Ngosizo lwazo, lolu hlelo lungakwazi ukuthwebula imoto engaphambili, ngendlela efanayo nendlela imicibisholo yezindiza ezicitshwayo ezenza ngayo, futhi ilandelele isivinini sayo, kanye nebanga eliya lapho okuhlosiwe.
Ngakho-ke, i-cruise control yaqala ukuba nempahla yokuzivumelanisa nesimo sezimoto emgwaqeni, ukubeka isivinini kuye ngokuthi idatha etholiwe kanye nezilungiselelo zokuqala ezibekwe umshayeli.
Inketho yayibizwa ngokuthi i-adaptive or active cruise control (ACC), okugcizelela esimweni sesibili ukuba khona kwe-emitter yayo yamaza omsakazo noma i-IR laser beam.
Ukuthi isebenza kanjani
Inzwa yebanga eya emotweni eholayo iqhubeka ngokukhipha ulwazi mayelana nebanga lekhompyutha esebhodini, ephinde ibale isivinini sayo, amapharamitha wokuhlehla kanye nokwehliswa noma ukwenyuka kwebanga.
Idatha iyahlaziywa futhi iqhathaniswe nemodeli yesimo esigcinwe kumemori, okuhlanganisa nemingcele yomkhawulo wejubane obekwe umshayeli.
Ngokusekelwe kumphumela womsebenzi, imiyalo inikezwa i-accelerator pedal drive noma ngokuqondile ku-throttle electromechanical.
Imoto iqapha ibanga elishiwo ngokwandisa noma ukwehlisa isivinini, uma kunesidingo, isebenzisa isistimu yebhuleki ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi nezindlela zezinhlelo ze-ABS kanye namamojula okuzinza ahlobene, ukubhuleka okuphuthumayo nabanye abasizi babashayeli.
Amasistimu athuthuke kakhulu ayakwazi ukuthonya isiteringi, nakuba lokhu kungasebenzi ngqo ku-cruise control.
Ibanga lokulawula isivinini linenani lemikhawulo:
- ukwenza kusebenze imodi yokusebenza kusukela kumkhawulo othile wejubane eliphansi, okusho ukuqondiswa komgwaqo;
- ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa izinzwa zebanga elifushane, ezisebenza ngokuphumelelayo ezimweni zasemadolobheni, kuze kufike ekuthuthweni kwezimoto ezimi ngomumo;
- umkhawulo wejubane eliphezulu ubekwa umshayeli noma unqunyelwe amakhono emoto ngezizathu zokuphepha;
- lapho isithiyo esinqunyiwe singena endaweni yokubuka, isibonelo, imoto emisiwe engakaze ilandelwe ngaphambili, uhlelo ngeke lusabele nganoma iyiphi indlela;
- ibanga eliphakeme lapho i-radar ibamba khona umholi ngokwesilinganiso samamitha ayi-120-200.
Uma kutholwa ukwehluleka kunoma imaphi amasistimu emoto ahilelekile, i-cruise control izocisha ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Idivayisi
Uhlelo lwe-ACC luqukethe izingxenye zalo kanye namadivayisi, futhi lusebenzisa lezo esezivele zisemotweni:
- ama-radar noma ama-lidar okuthola izithiyo ezinobubanzi obuhlukene, kuyilapho izinzwa ze-RF zisebenza kangcono ezimeni zokungaboni kahle, imvula noma inkungu;
- i-accelerator pedal activator noma i-throttle electronic;
- i-microcomputer system control module;
- izinkomba zomsindo nokukhanya, ibhodi lolwazi kanye nephaneli yokulawula inkinobho yokusunduza;
- ukuxhumana nezinhlelo ze-ABS kanye ne-ESP;
- izinzwa ze-brake ne-accelerator pedal.
Isisekelo sedivayisi wuhlelo lokulawula oluqukethe wonke ama-algorithms ayinkimbinkimbi we-ACC ezimeni ezihlukahlukene.
Iziphi izimoto ezihlome nge-ACC
Njengamanje, uhlelo lwe-ACC lungafakwa cishe kunoma iyiphi imoto njengenketho, nakuba luvame ukutholakala engxenyeni ye-premium.
Lokhu kungenxa yezindleko zayo eziphakeme kakhulu. Isethi enhle izobiza ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100-150.
Inkampani ngayinye yezimoto inamagama ayo okumaketha esistimu efanayo enezinguquko ezincane ezilawulweni.
Ama-ACC angabizwa ngokujwayelekile ngokuthi i-Adaptive Cruise Control noma i-Active Cruise Control, noma ngaphezulu ngawodwana, kusetshenziswa amagama athi Radar, Distance, noma i-Preview.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, uhlelo lwasetshenziswa ezimotweni zeMercedes ngaphansi kwegama elithi Distronic.
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-adaptive cruise control
Imvamisa, zonke izilawuli ze-ACC zivezwa kusibambo sokushintsha kwekholomu yokuqondisa, evula uhlelo, ikhethe isivinini, ibanga, iqale kabusha imodi yohambo ngemva kokuvala shaqa okuzenzakalelayo futhi ilungise amapharamitha.
Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa okhiye esondweni le-multifunction.
I-oda elilinganiselwe lomsebenzi:
- ukulungiselelwa kokuqala kwemingcele yokuqala ngokusebenzisa imenyu yesistimu yolwazi yemoto, njengokulungisa ukushuba kokusheshisa, izindlela zokulawula amabanga, ububanzi besivinini;
- okuvumela i-adaptive cruise control;
- ngemva kokufaka imodi yokulawula, ungalungisa ibanga olifunayo noma isivinini esiphezulu;
- uma uphuma kumodi yokulawula, ungaqalisa kabusha ukusebenza kwe-ACC.
Isistimu ingase ivaleke lapho izehlakalo ezithile zenzeka:
- ngokucindezela inkinobho yokukhansela;
- umshayeli ukhethe igiya elingathathi hlangothi noma ucindezele ibhuleki;
- enye yezinhlelo zokusiza abashayeli ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu isebenzile;
- okwesikhashana - uma umshayeli ecindezela i-accelerator, umsebenzi uzoqala kabusha ngemva kokukhulula i-pedal;
- isivinini esiphezulu noma isivinini esiphezulu senjini sifinyelelwe;
- amaphutha atholakala ohlelweni.
Uma usebenzisa i-ACC, kungase kube nezimo lapho i-cruise control ingase ingasebenzi ngokwanele. Okuvame kakhulu ukuntula ukusabela kwisithiyo esingashintshi esivele ngokuzumayo emzileni.
Uhlelo aluzinaki izinto ezinjalo, ngisho noma zihamba ngesivinini esingekho ngaphezu kuka-10 km/h. Kungumsebenzi womshayeli noma amasistimu okubhuleka ezimo eziphuthumayo, uma ekhona, ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha ezimweni ezinjalo.
I-ACC ingase ingasebenzi kahle uma imoto ingena ngokuzumayo emkhakheni wayo wokubona. Izimoto ezisuka eceleni nazo ngeke zibonakale. Izithiyo zosayizi omncane zingase zibe ku-strip, kodwa zingaweli ekutholweni kwe-radar.
Lapho idlula, imoto izoqala ukusheshisa, kodwa kunalokho kancane, kulokhu, udinga ukucindezela i-accelerator. Ekupheleni kokudlula, umthetho uzoqala kabusha.
Esiminyaminyeni sethrafikhi, ukulandelela ibanga kuzocisha ngokuzenzakalelayo uma izimoto zime isikhathi eside ngokwanele.
Isikhathi esiqondile ngemoto ngayinye, kodwa ngemva kokucindezela igesi, uhlelo luzobuyela emsebenzini.
Izinzuzo nokungalungi
Inzuzo eyinhloko ukwehliswa kwengxenye komshayeli ekulawuleni phakathi nohambo olude emigwaqweni yezimoto, kuhlanganise nasebusuku, kanye nalapho eshayela ngesiminyaminya esinwabuzelayo.
Kodwa kuze kube manje, izinhlelo ze-ACC aziphelele, ngakho-ke kukhona ukushiyeka okumbalwa:
- inzwa yohlobo lwe-radar, futhi ikakhulukazi i-laser, ivame ukungcola futhi ihluleke ngaphambi kokuhlanza;
- uhlelo aluphenduli kahle kuzithiyo ezivele ngokuzumayo;
- Ukugxila komshayeli ekushayeleni kuncipha ngokungenakugwenywa ngesikhathi esichithwa kwimodi ezenzakalelayo, okungaholela ekuphenduleni kancane esimweni esiphuthumayo;
- kukhona izimo eziyingozi uma kwenzeka izinguquko ezingalindelekile ebangeni elilawulwayo lezimoto ukusuka emigqeni engumakhelwane;
- kunemikhawulo lapho ushayela emajika omgwaqo, kusukela endaweni ethile ephendukayo;
- ngezinye izikhathi imoto inganciphisa ngokuzumayo ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwe-radar, okuyingozi uma abashayeli abangemuva bengaligcini ibanga eliphephile.
Ngokuvamile, uhlelo lulula kakhulu, futhi abashayeli bayashesha ukujwayela, ngemva kwalokho, sebevele beshintshela kwenye imoto, baqala ukuzwa ukungakhululeki ngenxa yokungabikho kwayo.
Lokhu kungenzeka njengoba kwethulwa bonke abanye abasizi bokushayela abazimele, ngemuva kwalokho ukungenelela kwabashayeli kuzobonakala kakhulu ngezemidlalo kunezidingo zokuthutha.
