yini? Ubuhle nobubi. Umehluko enjini esetshenzisiwe
Ngokushesha noma kamuva, noma yimuphi umnikazi wemoto ubhekene nesidingo sokulungisa injini. Ukulungiswa kabusha kwenjini kubandakanya ukushintshwa noma ukulungiswa kwesistimu ye-cylinder-piston. Ukulungiswa kuhlanganisa ukuthi indawo yangaphakathi yemikhono ipholishiwe, futhi esikhundleni sama-pistons amadala, kufakwa amasha - ukulungisa.
Ukulungiswa kabusha kungase kuhlanganise nokugaya i-crankshaft, ukufaka ama-valve esikhundleni, ama-camshaft, nezinye izingxenye zenjini. Kuyacaca ukuthi akekho ozokwenza yonke le misebenzi mahhala, ngakho-ke umshayeli kuzodingeka alungise isamba esihlelekile ukuze athenge izingxenye ezisele ezidingekayo futhi akhokhele abaqondisi.
Kukhona futhi okunye:
- ukuthenga injini entsha kuzobiza kakhulu, kodwa uzoqiniseka ukuthi imoto iya enye 150-200 ayizinkulungwane km;
- ukufaka injini esetshenzisiwe kuwumsebenzi ongabazisayo, kodwa okhangayo ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi;
- ukufaka injini yenkontileka kuwumkhuba omusha ongebona bonke abashayeli baseRussia abawaziyo.
Iyini injini yenkontileka? Ingabe kufanelekile ukuyifaka? Ingabe ngidinga ukuthola imvume emaphoyiseni omgwaqo ukuze ngifake injini yenkontileka futhi ngibhalise kabusha imoto? Sizozama ukuphendula le mibuzo ku-portal yethu yezimoto i-Vodi.su.
Injini yenkontileka iyunithi yamandla, esebenza ngokugcwele, eyakhishwa emotweni eyayiqhutshwa ngaphandle kwaseRussia futhi yalethwa e-Russian Federation ngokuhambisana nemithetho yentela kanye nezimfuneko zomthetho. Kukhona wonke amadokhumenti asekelayo emoto enjalo, kanye nezibopho zewaranti.
Ungaphambanisi izingxenye ezisele zenkontileka nalezo ezikhishwe ezimotweni ezilethwe eRussia ngokukhethekile ukuze zihlakazwe. Izingxenye ezinjalo ezisele, omunye angase athi, azikho emthethweni, ngoba imoto ingeniswa endaweni yezwe lethu ukuze isebenze ngendlela ehlanganisiwe, kodwa kunalokho ihlakazwa futhi ithengiswe izingxenye ezisele.
Injini yenkontileka ikhishwe emotweni phesheya. Uma kunesidingo, yalethwa esimweni sokusebenza ngokugcwele. Ngokuvamile, amadokhumenti ahambisana nalesi sihloko abonisa uhlu lomsebenzi owenziwe kuyunithi.
Izinzuzo zenjini yenkontileka
Uma ufuna ukufaka lolu hlobo lweyunithi yamandla emotweni yakho, kufanele wazi kusengaphambili mayelana nazo zonke izinzuzo nezingozi zalesi sixazululo.
Izinzuzo:
- esebenza e-USA, emazweni e-EU, eJapan noma eSouth Korea;
- wasebenza kuphethiloli namafutha wezinga eliphezulu;
- ukulungiswa kwezinsiza kwenzeka eziteshini ezisemthethweni zabathengisi;
- isuswe ngaphambi kokuba imoto iseviswe ngokugcwele.
Sesike sabhala kuVodi.su mayelana nemigwaqo eseqophelweni eliphezulu eNtshonalanga nokuthi abanikazi bezimoto baziphatha kanjani izimoto zabo ngokucophelela. Ngakho, amaJalimane afanayo, isibonelo, ukushintsha izimoto isikhathi eside ngaphambi mileage imayelana 200-300 ayizinkulungwane. Ngokwesilinganiso, mileage izimoto European kusukela umnikazi wokuqala 60-100 ayizinkulungwane km.
Uma injini yenkontileka ifakwe elolini eline-semi-trailer, khona-ke abaseYurophu noma amaJapane baqaphela kakhulu ngezimoto zabo. Ngakho-ke, uthola injini cishe entsha, okuyinto, ngokuqinisekile, izoba ngcono kakhulu kunomlingani wasekhaya, futhi izohlala isikhathi eside kuneyunithi ngemva kokulungiswa okukhulu. Yiqiniso, kuzobiza ngaphezu kokulungiswa okukhulu, kodwa umehluko ngeke ubaluleke kangako.
Ukungalungi kwenjini yenkontileka
Okubi kakhulu injini, noma ngabe uyisonta kanjani, kodwa isasetshenziswa. Nakuba abacabangi behlola ngokucophelela esitobhini nakwamanye amazwe, bese kuthi lapha eRussia, ingozi isekhona yokuthi banganaki uhlobo oluthile lokuwohloka.
Kudingeka uqaphele ikakhulukazi lapho uthenga izinjini ezindala kuneminyaka engu-6-10 nalezo ezilethwe e-USA - ukunganaki kwabantu baseMelika kwaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu futhi abaziphathi kahle izimoto zabo.
Njengoba umshayeli eyazi kahle ukuthi akathengi entsha, kodwa iyunithi yamandla esetshenzisiwe, kufanele alungele izimanga ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ucabange ngawo wonke amaphuzu kusengaphambili.
Ngabe ngidinga ukubhalisa injini yenkontileka namaphoyisa omgwaqo?
Njengoba wazi, lapho ubhalisa emaphoyiseni omgwaqo, uchwepheshe uhlola i-chassis nezinombolo zomzimba kuphela. Inombolo yenjini ingasulwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kuzoba yinkinga ukuyibona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inombolo yeyunithi yamandla ayiboniswa ku-STS, kodwa kuphela eshidini ledatha. Futhi isitifiketi sokubhalisa, njengoba wazi, asisebenzi kulawo madokhumenti okudingeka umshayeli awanikeze abahloli bamaphoyisa omgwaqo.
Noma kunjalo, i-Criminal Code ye-Russian Federation iqukethe i-Article 326, ngokusho ukuthi kwenqatshelwe ukuthengisa noma ukusebenzisa imoto enenombolo yenjini engelona iqiniso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho udlula i-MOT, kuyadingeka futhi ukwethula yonke imibhalo yemoto.
Ngakho-ke, akudingekile ukubhalisa emaphoyiseni omgwaqo, kodwa kufanele ube nesimemezelo samasiko esandleni esiqinisekisa umsuka ongokomthetho wale yunithi yamandla.
Kukhona enye into - uma injini yenkontileka ingeyenjini endala, ngakho-ke akudingekile ukuba uthole imvume yokuyifaka. Uma uchungechunge lungahambelani nezici zokuklama zemoto yakho, kufanele uthole imvume efanele emaphoyiseni omgwaqo.
Njengoba kungabonakala kulokhu okungenhla, injini yenkontileka iyindlela enenzuzo yokuthenga iyunithi yamandla entsha. Kodwa-ke, ukuthengwa kwayo kufanele kuhanjiswe ngamabomu, kulinganiswe zonke izinzuzo nezingozi.
Iyalayisha...
