iyini futhi isebenza kanjani? + Ividiyo

Ezimotweni ezine-front noma i-back-wheel drive, iyunithi efana nokuhluka kwesondo ifakwe ku-axle yokushayela, kodwa indlela yokukhiya ayinikeziwe ngezizathu ezicacile. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wale node ukusatshalaliswa kwe-torque kumasondo e-axle yokushayela. Isibonelo, lapho ujika amakhona noma ushayela emigwaqweni ewubhuqu, amasondo awakwazi ukujikeleza ngesivinini esifanayo.

Uma ungumnikazi wemoto enamasondo onke, khona-ke ngaphezu kokuhluka kwesondo, umehluko wesikhungo ophethe umshini wokukhiya ufakwe ekhadini. Ngokwemvelo, abafundi banombuzo: kungani ukukhiya kuyadingeka, yimuphi umsebenzi owenzayo, yiziphi izinhlobo zokukhiya okuhlukanisa isikhungo ezikhona?

Kungani sidinga ukukhiya okuphakathi nendawo nokuthi kusebenza kanjani

Sesivele sithinte ingxenye yalesi sihloko kuwebhusayithi ye-vodi.su esihlokweni esimayelana nokuhlangana kwe-viscous (ukuhlanganisa i-viscous). Ngamagama alula ke umehluko ophakathi nendawo uyadingeka ukuze kwandiswe ikhono lemoto eliwela izwe futhi unike amandla ukushayela kwawo wonke amasondo.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwawo ulula kakhulu:

• lapho imoto ishayela emgwaqeni ojwayelekile, yonke imizamo ekhangayo iwela kuphela ku-axle enkulu yokudonsa;
• i-axle yesibili, ngokukhubaza indlela yokukhiya, ayihlanganisi nokudluliswa komshini, okungukuthi, okwamanje isebenza njenge-axle eqhutshwayo;
• ngokushesha nje lapho imoto iphuma emgwaqeni, lapho kudingekile ukuthi ama-ekseli amabili asebenze ukuze kwandiswe ikhono lokuwela izwe, umshayeli avule ngenkani isikhiya esiphakathi nendawo, noma ixhumeke ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Uma ukukhiya kuvuliwe, ama-ekseli omabili ahlanganiswa ngokuqinile futhi azungezise ngokudlulisela itorque kuwo ngokudlulisa okuvela enjinini yemoto. Ngakho-ke, uma i-coupling ye-viscous ifakiwe, khona-ke endaweni yomgwaqo, lapho amandla awo womabili ama-axles engadingeki, amandla okudonsa anikezwa kuphela kumasondo angaphambili noma angemuva. Hhayi-ke, uma ushayela emgwaqweni owubhuqu bese kuqala ukushibilika, amasondo ama-ekseli ahlukene aqala ukuzungezisa ngesivinini esihlukene, uketshezi oludelelayo luxubene kakhulu, luyaqina. Lokhu kudala ukuhlangana okuqinile phakathi kwama-axles kanye ne-torque isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo phakathi kwawo wonke amasondo omshini.

Izinzuzo zendlela yokukhiya emaphakathi:

• ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwekhono lokuwela izwe lemoto ezimweni ezinzima;
• ukucisha okudonsa ngawo wonke amasondo ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ngenkani lapho kungadingeki;
• ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngendlela eyongayo, ngoba njengoba idonsa ngawo wonke amasondo exhunywe, injini idla uphethiloli owengeziwe ukuze idale ukudonsa okwengeziwe.

Ilokhi ephakathi nendawo, ngokuya ngemodeli yemoto, icushwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Kumamodeli amadala, njenge-UAZ, NIVA noma amaloli, kufanele ukhethe igiya elifanele ecaleni lokudlulisa. Uma kukhona ukuhlangana kwe-viscous, ukuvinjelwa kwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo. Nokho, ezimotweni eziphambili kakhulu ezingekho emgwaqeni ezine-Haldex clutch kuze kube manje, ilokhi ilawulwa iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi. Isignali yokuyivula ukucindezela i-pedal yegesi. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukusheshisa ngokuphumelelayo ngokushelela, ukukhiya kuzovula ngokushesha, futhi ukuvala shaqa kuzokwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho imoto ihamba ngesivinini esizinzile.

Izinhlobonhlobo zezindlela zokukhiya zomehluko wesikhungo

Uma sikhuluma ngesimiso sesenzo, khona-ke kukhona amaqembu amaningana ayinhloko, nawo ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amancane:

1. kanzima 100% ukuvimbela;
2. ukuhluka okulinganiselwe kokushelela - ukuqina kokuhlangana kuncike ekujuleni kokujikeleza kwamasondo ama-axles ahlukene;
3. nge-symmetrical noma i-asymmetric traction force distribution.

Ngakho-ke, ukuhlangana kwe-viscous kungabhekwa njengeqembu lesibili nelesithathu ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba ngezindlela ezihlukene zokushayela kungabonwa ukushelela kwama-disc, ngokwesibonelo, lapho kufakwa amakhona. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, amandla okudonsa asakazwa ngokulinganayo phakathi kwama-ekseli. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, lapho elinye lamasondo lishibilika kakhulu, ukuvinjwa okungu-100% kwenzeka ngenxa yokuqiniswa okuphelele koketshezi. Uma ushayela i-UAZ Patriot ngecala lokudlulisa, khona-ke kukhona ukukhiya kanzima.

Ingosi ye-vodi.su iphawula ukuthi uma wonke amasondo edonsa, ikakhulukazi ku-asphalt, irabha iguga ngokushesha.

Kukhona futhi imiklamo ehlukahlukene yokuvala umehluko wesikhungo:

• i-friction clutch;
• ukuhlanganisa i-viscous;
• cam clutch;
• I-Torsen lock.

Ngakho-ke, ama-clutch e-friction asebenza cishe ngendlela efanayo ne-viscous coupling noma i-clutch eyomile. Esimweni esivamile, ama-discs e-friction awahlanganisi, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho kuqala i-slippage, bayahlanganyela. I-Clutch ye-Haldex Traction iyi-clutch ephikisanayo, inamadiski amaningana alawulwa iyunithi yokulawula i-electronic. Ukungalungi kwalo mklamo ukugqoka amadiski kanye nesidingo sokuwashintsha.

Ilokhi yeTorsen ingenye yezithuthuke kakhulu, ifakwe ezimotweni ezifana ne-Audi Quattro kanye ne-Allroad Quattro station wagon. Uhlelo luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu: amagiya we-semi-axial angakwesokudla nangakwesokunxele anamasathelayithi, ama-shaft okukhiphayo. Ukukhiya kuhlinzekwa ngezilinganiso ezahlukene zegiya kanye negiya lezikelemu. Kumamodi okushayela azinzile, zonke izici zizungeza ngesilinganiso segiya elithile. Kodwa uma kwenzeka ishelela, isathelayithi iqala ukuzungeza ibheke kolunye uhlangothi futhi igiya eseceleni livinjwe ngokuphelele futhi i-torque iqala ukugeleza ku-axle eshayelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusatshalaliswa kwenzeka ngesilinganiso esingu-72:25.

Ezimotweni ezifuywayo - i-UAZ, i-GAZ - umehluko wekhamera olinganiselwe ufakiwe. Ukuvinjelwa kwenzeka ngenxa yama-sprockets kanye nama-crackers, okuthi, lapho eshelela, aqale ukujikeleza ngesivinini esihlukile, ngenxa yalokho kuvela amandla okungqubuzana futhi umehluko uvinjelwe.

Kukhona nezinye intuthuko. Ngakho, SUV yesimanje ifakwe TRC ukulawula ukudonsa, lapho zonke ukulawula wenziwa ngokusebenzisa ECU. Futhi kuyenzeka ugweme ukushelela ngenxa ye-automatic braking of the wheel slipping. Kukhona nama-hydraulic systems, afana ne-DPS ezimotweni zakwaHonda, lapho kufakwe khona amaphampu ku-gearbox ongemuva, azungezunge esuka ku-driveshaft. Futhi ukuvinjwa kwenzeka ngenxa yokuxhumeka kwephakheji ye-clutch ye-multi-plate.

Ngayinye yalezi zinhlelo inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi. Kumele uqonde ukuthi ukushayela okudonsa ngawo wonke amasondo kuholela ekutheni amathayi asheshe aphele, ugesi nenjini. Ngakho-ke, i-All-wheel drive isetshenziswa kuphela lapho idingeka khona ngempela.

Iyalayisha...