iyini futhi yenza muphi umsebenzi?
Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi iyinhliziyo yanoma iyiphi imoto yesimanje.
Le yunithi iqukethe izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:
- amasilinda;
- amavolovolo;
- i-crankshaft;
- i-flywheel.
Ndawonye bakha umshini we-crank. I-crank, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-crankshaft (i-Crank Shaft) noma nje - i-crankshaft, yenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu - iguqula ukunyakaza kokuhumusha okudalwe ama-pistons ku-torque. Uma umcibisholo ku-tachometer usondela ku-2000 rpm, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi i-crankshaft yenza lelo nani lenani lama-revolutions. Hhayi-ke, lo mzuzu udluliselwa nge-clutch ku-transmission, futhi usuka kuwo uye emasondweni.
Idivayisi
Njengoba wazi, ama-pistons enjinini anyakaza ngokungalingani - amanye asezingeni eliphezulu, amanye aphansi. Ama-piston axhunywe ku-crankshaft ngezinduku zokuxhuma. Ukuqinisekisa ukunyakaza okunjalo okungalingani kwama-pistons, i-crankshaft, ngokungafani nayo yonke eminye imishayo emotweni - okuyisisekelo, okwesibili, ukuqondisa, ukusatshalaliswa kwegesi - inomumo okhethekile ogobile. Yingakho ebizwa nge-crank.
Izinto eziyinhloko:
- amajenali amakhulu - atholakala eduze kwe-axis ye-shaft, awanyakazi ngesikhathi sokujikeleza futhi atholakala ku-crankcase;
- amajenali wenduku yokuxhuma - i-offset kusukela ku-axis ephakathi futhi uchaze umbuthano ngesikhathi sokujikeleza, kuba kubo ukuthi izinduku zokuxhuma zixhunywe ezimbotsheni zenduku yokuxhuma;
- i-shank - i-flywheel igxilwe kuyo;
- i-sock - i-ratchet ifakwe kuyo, lapho i-pulley ye-timing drive is screwed - ibhande le-generator lifakwa ku-pulley, yona, kuye ngokuthi imodeli, izungeza ama-blades wepompo yokuqondisa amandla, i-air conditioning fan.
I-Counterweights nayo idlala indima ebalulekile - ngenxa yabo, i-shaft ingajikeleza nge-inertia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-oilers abhojwa kumajenali wenduku yokuxhuma - imigudu kawoyela lapho kungena khona uwoyela wenjini ukuze ugcobe ama-bearings. Enjinini, i-crankshaft ifakwe kusetshenziswa ama-bearings amakhulu.
Phambilini, ama-crankshaft akhiwe ngaphambilini ayevame ukusetshenziswa, kodwa ayeshiywe, ngoba ngenxa yokujikeleza okujulile lapho kuhlangana khona izingxenye, kuphakama imithwalo emikhulu futhi akukho neyodwa i-fastener engakwazi ukumelana nayo. Ngakho-ke, namuhla ngokuyinhloko basebenzisa izinketho zokusekela ngokugcwele, okungukuthi, ukusika ocezu olulodwa lwensimbi.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza yabo iyinkimbinkimbi, ngoba kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwe-microscopic, lapho ukusebenza kwenjini kuzoxhomeka khona. Ekukhiqizeni, kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zekhompiyutha eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nemishini yokulinganisa i-laser, enganquma ukuphambuka ngokoqobo ezingeni lekhulu lamamilimitha. Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu ukubala okuqondile kwesisindo se-crankshaft - kukalwa ku-milligram yokugcina.
Uma sichaza isimiso sokusebenza kwe-crankshaft, khona-ke ihambisana ngokugcwele nesikhathi se-valve kanye nemijikelezo yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ye-4-stroke, esesivele sikhulume ngayo ku-Vodi.su. Okusho ukuthi, lapho i-piston isendaweni yayo ephakeme kakhulu, ijenali yenduku yokuxhuma ekhulunywe nayo iphinde ibe ngaphezu kwe-axis emaphakathi ye-shaft, futhi njengoba i-shaft ijikeleza, wonke ama-piston angu-3-4, noma angu-16 ahamba. Ngokunjalo, lapho amasilinda engeziwe enjinini, yilapho i-crank ibukeka ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi.
Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi i-crankshaft inesayizi engakanani enjini yamaloli ezimayini, esiphinde sakhuluma ngayo kuwebhusayithi yethu i-Vodi.su. Ngokwesibonelo, BelAZ 75600 has injini umthamo 77 amalitha namandla 3500 hp. I-crankshaft enamandla ishayela ama-piston angu-18.
Ukugaya i-crankshaft
I-crankshaft iyinto ebiza kakhulu, nokho, ngenxa yokungqubuzana, igcina ingasasebenziseki. Ukuze ungathengi entsha, iyapholishwa. Lo msebenzi ungenziwa kuphela ngabaguquli bezinga eliphezulu abanemishini efanele.
Uzodinga futhi ukuthenga isethi yokulungisa induku yokuxhuma kanye nama-bearings amakhulu. Okufakiwe kuthengiswa cishe kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezingxenye futhi kuya ngaphansi kwezimpawu:
- H (usayizi wegama) - ihambisana nemingcele ye-crank entsha;
- P (P1, P2, P3) - ukulungisa ama-liner, ububanzi bawo buyi-millimeters amaningana.
Ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bamalayini okulungisa, i-turner-minder ikala ngokunembile ububanzi bezintamo futhi iwalungise ukuze alingane nama-liner amasha. Kumodeli ngayinye, i-pitch ye-liners yokulungisa inqunywa.
Ungakwazi ukunweba impilo ye-crankshaft ngokusebenzisa uwoyela wenjini esezingeni eliphezulu futhi uyishintshe ngesikhathi esifanele.
Iyalayisha...
