Indlela yokufunda ukuqonda izimoto kusukela ekuqaleni? Ividiyo enemininingwane

Ikhono lokuqonda imishini liwumqondo obanzi. Kwabanye, kwanele ukuhlukanisa imodeli eyodwa kwenye. Abantu abafanayo abanomsebenzi wabo oxhumene nezimoto babeka incazelo ebanzi kulo mqondo:

• uhlobo lomzimba;
• isigaba semoto;
• uhlobo lwenjini - injector, carburetor, diesel, single noma ezimbili-stroke, hybrid, imoto kagesi;
• ukudluliswa - mechanics, othomathikhi, i-variator, i-robotic, i-preselective (i-clutch ekabili).

Uma usebenza, ngokwesibonelo, enkampanini ethengisa izingxenye ezisele noma esitolo sezimoto, ngokusho kwencazelo yomsebenzi, kufanele ube nolwazi olubanzi ngalokhu:

• bazi kahle uhla imodeli automaker ethile - okungukuthi, kufanele bazi ukuthi yini umehluko phakathi izinjini ezahlukene, isibonelo Vaz-2104 - Vaz-21073, Vaz-21067, umthamo wabo, uphethiloli, izici;
• izici zobuchwepheshe zamayunithi ahlukahlukene;
• umklamo kanye nezici zedivayisi.

Uma uke wathenga izingxenye ezisele, khona-ke uyazi ukuthi kwanele ukuthi uchwepheshe omuhle abonise lokhu noma leyo ngxenye eyisipele - i-cylinder ye-brake esebenzayo, igiya lesibili, i-shaft eyinhloko noma ephakathi ye-gearbox, ikhebula le-clutch. , i-release bear, idiski ye-feredo - uzowaqamba ngaphandle kwezinkinga zomkhiqizo, atshele ukuthi ivela kuphi imoto, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, akutshele kahle ukuthi iyini. Uzophinde akhethe kalula ingxenye oyidingayo kukhathalogu - kusuka kwendandatho yerabha evala uphawu noma i-cuff, ukuya emhlanganweni wokusabalalisa noma i-backstage yebhokisi legiya.

Kuyacaca ukuthi ikhono elinjalo liza kuphela nolwazi. Sizozama ukunikeza izincomo eziyisisekelo kuwebhusayithi yethu Vodi.su.

Imiqondo eyisisekelo

Noma iyiphi imoto iqukethe amasistimu ayisikhombisa amakhulu:

• injini;
• ukudluliswa;
• ukuqondisa;
• i-chassis noma ukumiswa;
• uhlelo lwamabhuleki;
• umzimba;
• imishini kagesi.

Umzimba - amakilasi nezinhlobo

Into yokuqala esiyibonayo lapho sincoma lokhu noma leyo moto umzimba. Sesikhulume kakhulu ngalokhu kuwebhusayithi yethu, ngakho-ke sizophinda.

Izinhlobo zomzimba:

• I-single-volume - minivans (injini, ingaphakathi, i-trunk ihlanganiswe ibe isakhiwo esisodwa sendawo);
• ivolumu ezimbili - i-hatchback, i-station wagon, i-SUV, i-crossover;
• ivolumu emithathu - i-sedan, i-limousine, i-roadster, i-pickup.

Futhi, isigaba semoto sincike kubude bomzimba - kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlukanisa, ezivame kakhulu yi-European:

• "A" - hatchbacks compact, ezifana Chevrolet Spark, Daewoo Matiz;
• "B" - izimoto ezincane - zonke VAZs, Daewoo Lanos, Geely MK;
• "C" - ikilasi eliphakathi - Skoda Octavia, Ford Focus, Mitsubishi Lancer.

Yebo, njalonjalo - kuwebhusayithi yethu yeVodi.su kukhona isihloko lapho amakilasi achazwa ngokuningiliziwe.

Abakhiqizi ngabanye banezinhlobo zabo zokuhlukanisa, isibonelo, i-BMW, ​​i-Audi, noma i-Mercedes. Kwanele ukuya kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ukuze unqume umehluko:

• I-Mercedes A-class - isigaba esincane kunazo zonke, sihambisana ne-B-class ngokusho kwesigaba saseYurophu;
• I-B-class - ihambisana ne-C-class;
• I-C-class (Comfort-Klasse);
• I-CLA - isigaba se-compact prestige engasindi;
• G, GLA, GLC, GLE, M - Gelendvagen, SUVs and SUV class.

Kulula ukuqonda ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Audi:

• I-A1-A8 - ama-hatchbacks, izinqola zesiteshi ezinobude obuhlukene bomzimba;
• Q3, Q5, Q7 - SUVs, crossovers;
• TT - roadsters, coupes;
• I-R8 imoto yezemidlalo;
• I-RS - "izinguqulo ezishajiwe" ezinezici zobuchwepheshe ezithuthukisiwe.

I-BMW inezigaba ezifanayo:

• Uchungechunge 1-7 - izimoto zabagibeli ezifana ne-hatchback, i-station wagon, i-sedan;
• X1, X3-X6 - SUVs, crossovers;
• I-Z4 - ama-roadsters, ama-coupes, ama-convertibles;
• Uchungechunge lwe-M - izinguqulo "ezikhokhisiwe".

Kubathengi abaningi, ikakhulukazi abesifazane, uhlobo lomzimba olubalulekile. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi womzimba uwusonga nje, futhi imininingwane iyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ake sicabangele eziyinhloko.

Injini

Isihloko sikhulu, ake sisho amaphuzu abalulekile:

• ngohlobo lwamafutha - uphethiloli, udizili, igesi, uphethiloli wegesi, ama-hybrids, izimoto zikagesi;
• ngenani lamasilinda - amasilinda amathathu noma ngaphezulu (ngokwesibonelo, kukhona izinjini zamasilinda ayi-8 no-16);
• ngokwendawo yamasilinda - emgqeni (amasilinda avele ame ngokulandelana), aphikiswe (amasilinda ngokumelene nomunye), amise okwe-V;
• ngendawo ngaphansi kwe-hood - longitudinal, transverse.

Ezimotweni eziningi zabagibeli, izinjini ze-in-line 3-4-cylinder zisetshenziswa nge-longitudinal (kanye ne-axis yokunyakaza) noma ukufakwa okuphambene. Uma sikhuluma ngamaloli noma izimoto ezingaphezu kwesigaba esivamile, khona-ke amandla atholakala ngokungeza amasilinda.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici esibalulekile senjini yisistimu yokupholisa, okungaba:

• uketshezi - ukupholisa kwenziwa nge-antifreeze, i-antifreeze, amanzi angenalutho;
• umoya - isibonelo esicacile se "Zaporozhets", lapho injini yayingemuva, futhi umoya wawumunca ngenxa yokubonga ku-fan, uhlelo olufanayo lusetshenziselwa izithuthuthu;
• kuhlangene - ukupholisa nge-antifreeze, i-fan isetshenziselwa ukugeleza komoya okwengeziwe.

Namaphuzu abalulekile:

• uhlelo lomjovo - i-carburetor, injector;
• uhlelo lokuthungela - othintana naye (usebenzisa umsabalalisi), ongathintana naye (Inzwa yehholo, shintsha), i-electronic (inqubo ilawulwa yiyunithi yokulawula);
• indlela yokusabalalisa igesi;
• Lubrication system nokunye.

Ukudlulisela

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokudlulisela ukudlulisa i-torque kusuka ku-motor kuya emasondweni.

Izinto zokudlulisa:

• i-clutch - ixhuma noma ihlukanise ukudluliswa kwenjini;
• gearbox - ukukhetha imodi yokushayela;
• i-cardan, i-cardan transmission - idlulisela isikhathi sokunyakaza ku-axle yokushayela;
• umehluko - ukusatshalaliswa kwe-torque phakathi kwamasondo e-axle yokushayela.

Izimoto eziningi zesimanje zisebenzisa i-single- disk noma i-double-disk clutch eyomile, ebhanqiwe nge-manual noma irobhothi (semi-automatic, preselective) gearbox, noma isiguquli se-torque - uhlelo lwe-hydrostatic lapho amandla enjini ebeka khona ukugeleza kukawoyela - ukuhanjiswa okuzenzakalelayo. noma i-CVT (i-variator checkpoint).

Yilolo hlobo nje luka-gearbox olubalulekile kwabaningi. Kusukela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu, ake sithi i-Mechanics iyindlela engcono kakhulu, ngoba umshayeli ngokwakhe ukhetha imodi elungile futhi ngaleyo ndlela udla uphethiloli omncane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudluliswa kwezandla kulula futhi kushibhile ukukugcina. I-Automatic ne-CVT - yenza lula kakhulu inqubo yokushayela, kodwa uma iphuka, bese ulungiselela amanani amakhulu emali.

Ukudlulisela kuhlanganisa nomqondo onjengohlobo lokushayela:

• ngaphambili noma ngemuva - umzuzu wokujikeleza uwela ku-eksisi eyodwa;
• igcwele - zombili izimbazo ziyahola, nokho, idrayivu ingaba unomphela noma i-plug-in.

Ibhokisi lokudlulisa lisetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa i-torque ku-ekseli yemoto. Ifakwe zonke-wheel drive izimoto, ezifana UAZ-469 noma Vaz-2121 Niva.

Njengoba ubona, imoto iyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa-ke, kwabaningi, kwanele ukukwazi ukuyisebenzisa futhi wenze imisebenzi elula, njengokushintsha isondo. Ukunakekela kungcono kushiyelwe ochwepheshe.

Ividiyo: ukukhethwa kwedivayisi nemoto

Ukuthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe - "for dummies"

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