kuyini, zihluke kanjani futhi zingahlukaniswa kanjani?
Zonke izimoto zesimanje eziza kithi zivela eYurophu, e-USA, Japan naseKorea zifakwe isihlungi sezinhlayiya kanye nesiguquli se-catalytic. Kuyini, siye satshela ngaphambili ku-portal yethu Vodi.su. Ake sikhumbule kafushane nje ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zakhi zesistimu yegesi yokukhipha igesi kukuvumela ukuthi uhlanze kakhulu ukukhishwa kwe-muffler kusuka kumakhemikhali ayingozi kanye ne-soot.
Emiyalweni yezimoto ezinjalo, ungafunda ukuthi uphethiloli ongenayo okungenani A-92 noma A-95 kufanele ugcwaliswe njengophethiloli. Kodwa abashayeli abaningi abanalo ikhono kule ndaba. Ungahlukaniswa kanjani uphethiloli ongenamthofu kuphethiloli womthofu? Uyini umehluko phakathi kwabo? Sizozama ukunikeza izimpendulo zale mibuzo.
Uphethiloli oholayo
Ukuze kwandiswe inani le-octane likaphethiloli ekuqaleni kwemboni yezimoto, omunye wamakhemikhali waqagela ukuxuba uphethiloli nezithasiselo ezikhethekile. Ikakhulukazi nge-tetraethyl lead. Njengoba igama lisho, le nhlanganisela iqukethe umthofu. Izithako zomthofu zinobuthi kakhulu, zifaka ushevu emkhathini, futhi abantu ngokwabo bahlupheke kuqala.
Uma uphefumula ngama-vapors, imiphumela engenakuvinjelwa ilindele umuntu:
- ikhanda;
- ukuzizwa ungaphilile;
- ukukhubazeka kwesimiso sokuphefumula;
- ukufa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthofu uzinza emhlabathini, amaqabunga, kanye namanzi angcolile angena emifuleni nasemachibini futhi aqhubekele phambili ochungechungeni lomjikelezo wamanzi emvelweni.
Amafutha aqukethe i-tetraethyl lead ayingozi kuwo wonke amasistimu ezimoto. Okokuqala, iqhuma ezingeni eliphansi lokucindezela futhi emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ngakho-ke, uma uyithululela emotweni yangaphandle, amagagasi ashaqisayo avela ekuqhunyisweni azocekela phansi ngokuzethemba nangendlela i-cylinder block, i-block head, nezindonga zepiston.
Okwesibili, ukuhola kuzohlala ezindongeni zama-pores we-catalytic converter. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-catalyst izovele ilahlwe. Ngeke sikukhumbuze ukuthi kubiza malini ukukushintsha. Kuphinde kube nomthelela olimazayo kunzwa ye-Lambda, elawula okuqukethwe komoyampilo ekukhishweni. Ngamafuphi, imoto yangaphandle kuphethiloli onjalo ayicimi isikhathi eside. Okwesithathu, ngenxa yalokho, imibhobho yomjovo ivaleka ngokushesha, futhi isici esibomvu sihlanganisa amafomu kuma-spark plugs.
Uphethiloli ongenawo umthofu
Uyini uphethiloli ongenayo i-lead? Empeleni, umehluko kuphela ukungabikho kwalo mthofu we-tetraethyl ekubunjweni kwawo. Ngenxa yokushoda kwalesi sithako, lolu hlobo lukaphethiloli alusebenzi kahle, kodwa amasistimu enjini ezimoto zesimanje aklanyelwe ukuwasebenzisa. Ukusebenza kahle kokuvutha nokuqhunyiswa kutholakala ngokusebenzisa izithasiselo ezisekelwe otshwaleni nama-esters, angenazo izinhlanganisela eziyingozi zomthofu nezinye izinsimbi.
Vele, ukushiswa kukaphethiloli ongenawo umthofu nakho kukhiqiza umusi oyingozi, kodwa iningi lawo ligcina lingena kusiguquli se-catalytic kanye nesihlungi sezinhlayiyana zikadizili. Okusho ukuthi, inobungani nemvelo. Futhi, abakhiqizi bakaphethiloli bahlala bethuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanzwa kwayo kunoma yikuphi ukungcola. Ngakho-ke, uma ufaka uphethiloli eziteshini zikaphethiloli eziqinisekisiwe, lapho ziqinisekisa khona uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephezulu, akudingeki ukhathazeke kakhulu ngenjini yehhashi lakho lensimbi.
Izinhlobo zikaphethiloli ongenamthofu zaziwa yibo bonke abashayeli:
- I-A-80 - ikhwalithi yokuhlanza ephansi kakhulu, ifanele imishini ekhethekile, amaloli, izimoto ezenziwe ngamaSoviet, ezinye izinhlobo zezithuthuthu ezinenjini yohlobo lwe-carburetor;
- I-A-92 - ithululelwa emathangini ezimoto eziningi zasekhaya nezaseShayina, ezilungele izimoto zakwamanye amazwe ezakhululwa ngawo-1990;
- A-95 - uphethiloli onconyiwe wezimoto eziningi zakwamanye amazwe zesabelomali kanye nengxenye ejwayelekile;
- I-A-98 - Uphethiloli wezinga eliphezulu wezimoto ezibizayo.
Kukhona, yiqiniso, ezinye izinhlobo: A-72, A-76, Ai-91, Ai-93, Ai-96. Kumele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi inani eliphezulu le-octane le-octane likaphethiloli oholayo lifinyelela ku-A-110. I-A-100, A-98+, A-102 nangaphezulu izinhlobo zikaphethiloli wemijaho, othululwa emathangeni ezimoto zemidlalo ezifana neFerrari, Lamborghini, Porsche, njll.
Kodwa-ke, uphethiloli womjaho osetshenziswa emijahweni ye-Formula 1 ungaba ngomthofu noma ungafakwa umkhondo.
Ingabe uphethiloli ungabonwa noma unukwe?
Okokuqala, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi eMoscow nasemadolobheni amakhulu we Russian Federation uphethiloli oholayo uvinjelwe futhi ngeke uwuthole kumanethiwekhi eziteshi zikaphethiloli ezaziwayo. Kepha emaphandleni, ungahlangana nengxube mbumbulu noma ebulalayo yezinhlobo ezimbili zikaphethiloli.
Indlela yokuhlukanisa kubo?
Ngokwazo zonke izindinganiso ezikhona zaseRussia nezangaphandle, uphethiloli ovamile uwuketshezi olucacile, olungenambala. Engeza udayi owolintshi noma obomvu kuphethiloli onomthofu.. Futhi, okuqukethwe okuholayo kungatholwa ngephunga. Ake sithi - uphethiloli onomthofu uyanuka kakhulu futhi awujabulisi neze.
Iyalayisha...
