Okufanele ukwenze uma imoto idonsela eceleni uma ibhuleka

Ukuchezuka okuzenzakalelayo komshini kusukela ekunyakazeni kwe-rectilinear kuyinkinga evamile. Imoto ikwazi ukudonsa iye kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele uma umshayeli eshayela ngesivinini esingaguquki futhi engasijiki isiteringi. Noma imoto idonsela eceleni ngesikhathi ibhuleka. Ezimweni ezinjalo, i-controllability yemoto iba yimbi kakhulu, kuba nzima ukushayela imoto, ngoba ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele ulungise isondo lokushayela. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ingozi yokushayela emzileni ozayo noma ukuba semseleni iyanda.

Izizathu zalokhu kuziphatha kwemoto zingase zihluke.Kuyenzeka ukuthi zivame kakhulu futhi zilungiswe kalula.Kuyenzeka ukuthi kudingeke usizo lochwepheshe ukuze kuhlonzwe futhi kulungiswe ukuphuka. Imvamisa izimbangela ziba semasondweni noma ku-suspension, kodwa imvamisa imoto idonselwa eceleni ngenxa yezinkinga zebhuleki noma isiteringi. Yilezi zinhlelo ezibaluleke kakhulu mayelana nokuphepha kokushayela, ngakho-ke noma yiziphi izimpawu ezibonisa ukuphuka okungenzeka kuzo kufanele zithathwe ngokungathi sína kakhulu.

Ngaphambi kokukhuphukela endle, kufanelekile ukuqala ngezinto ezilula.

Okokuqala udinga ukuchaza ngokucacile ukuthi yiziphi izimo futhi kuziphi izimo imoto ishaywa eceleni.

Ngokuvamile umgwaqo uye kwesokudla, futhi lokhu kungabangela ukuchezuka kusukela umugqa oqondile, kuhlanganise ngesikhathi braking. Ukuqeda lesi sici, udinga ukuthola indawo eyisicaba futhi uhlole ukuziphatha komshini kuyo.

Kwenzeka ukuthi kukhona ithrekhi endaweni yomgwaqo, ethinta isiqondiso sokunyakaza. Ithrekhi ivame ukuba nomthelela ogwini, kodwa kuyenzeka ukuthi ingaholela ekushibilikeni uma ibhuleka. Lesi sici sidinga ukuxilonga.

Thola umfutho wesondo futhi uwulinganise. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuyixazulula inkinga.

Далее стоит загнать машину на смотровую яму или воспользоваться подъемником и осмотреть элементы подвески и на предмет очевидных неполадок — подтекания тормозной жидкости, плохо зажатых хомутов на штуцерах, механических дефектов, незатянутых болтов крепления ступицы, деталей и рулевого механизма.

Uma kungekho ukungasebenzi kahle okusobala okutholakele, ukusesha okuphelele kwezimbangela kufanele kuqale.

Когда автомобиль отклоняется в сторону во время торможения, в первую очередь неисправность следует искать в тормозной системе. Чаще всего причина кроется в одного из колес либо имеется проблема с гидравликой, из-за чего давление в системе падает, и поршень цилиндра не может достаточно эффективно прижать колодку к . Когда есть отличия в срабатывании тормозов справа и слева, тогда при торможении и происходит увод в сторону. Машина отклоняется в ту сторону, с которой колодки сильнее прижимаются к диску.

Womabili amabhuleki angaphambili nangemuva aphazamisa ukudonsa kwemoto eceleni, nakuba amabhuleki angemuva mancane kakhulu. Ibhuleki lesandla akufanele likhishwe njengomsolwa.

Kuhlelo lwe-braking, izimo ezi-5 zingahlukaniswa lapho ukubhuleka kuzohambisana nokuchezuka kokunyakaza kwe-rectilinear.

Amabhuleki kwelinye lamasondo awasebenzi.

Ama-brake pads awacindezelwe kwi-disc, isondo liyaqhubeka nokujikeleza, kuyilapho eliphambene linciphisa ijubane. Uhlangothi lapho isondo lisajikeleza liya phambili, futhi ngenxa yalokho, imoto iyaphenduka, futhi iqine kakhulu. Isibonelo, uma i-brake mechanism esondweni langakwesokudla ingasebenzi, imoto izoshwibeka iye kwesokunxele ngesikhathi sokubhuleka.

Isimo esifanayo sizobonakala esimweni lapho ibhuleki kwelinye lamasondo angemuva lingasebenzi, ukuphambuka kuphela kuzoba okubalulekile.

Izizathu ezingenzeka zokuhluleka kwe-wheel brake cylinder:

• i-piston inamathele endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni futhi iphedi ayicindezelwe ngokumelene ne-disc;

• в конструкции с плавающей скобой может заклинить направляющий палец;

• kukhona i-air lock ohlelweni lwe-hydraulic oluvimbela ukudala ingcindezi eyanele yokukhipha i-piston kusilinda;

• ukucindezeleka kwe-hydraulics, ngenxa yokuthi uketshezi olusebenzayo luphuma;

• mdala kakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-TJ imunca umswakama futhi ingabila ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi. Kulesi simo, ukushisa kwendawo okuqinile ngesikhathi sokubhuleka okungazelelwe kungabangela ukubilisa kwamafutha kaphethiloli kanye nokwakheka kwe-vapor lock;

• ipayipi lebhuleki lerabha liyaguga futhi liyavuvukala lapho ibhuleki licindezelwa, futhi umfutho we-TJ awufinyeleli kusilinda samasondo. Le hose idinga ukushintshwa.

Iphiston lelinye lamasilinda amasondo linamathele endaweni enwetshiwe.

Iphinikhodi ye-caliper guide sliding can futhi jam. Umphumela uzoba okufanayo.

Kulokhu, i-pad ihlale icindezelwa kwi-brake disc futhi isondo lihlala libhuleki. Esimweni esinjalo, ngomzuzu wokuqala we-braking, imoto izophonswa kancane lapho kutholakala khona umshini ohlangene. ngokuqhubekayo, lapho amandla okubhuleka esondweni eliphambene elingana, imoto izoqhubeka nokubhuleka emgqeni oqondile.

Ezinye izimpawu ezisobala zingakhombisa nokugcwala kwepiston noma i-caliper endaweni yokusebenza:

• ukuchezuka komshini ekunyakazeni kwe-rectilinear ngenxa yokubhuleka kwelinye lamasondo;

• ukukhala kwephedi ehlikihla ku-brake disc;

• ukushisa okuqinile kwe-brake disc ngenxa yokungqubuzana okuqhubekayo. Ngokucophelela! Ungayithinti idrayivu ngezandla ezingenalutho uma uyixilonga. Ukusha okukhulu kungenzeka;

• Kuyenzeka isiteringi sinyakaze.

Izimbangela ezijwayelekile zokubanjwa kwe-piston:

• ukugqwala ngenxa yokungena kwamanzi nokungcola. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho i-anther ilimele;

• uketshezi lwamabhuleki oludala, olungcolile;

• i-piston deformation. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho ama-pads egqokwe kuze kube sekupheleni noma i-disc igqoke ngokweqile. Ukuze ucindezele amaphedi abe mncane ku-disc, i-piston kufanele iqhubekele phambili ngaphandle kwe-cylinder, futhi ngesikhathi sokubhuleka ibhekene nomthwalo onzima wokugoba.

Uma i-brake mechanism iboshiwe, kufanele ihlakazwe, ihlanzwe, futhi ishintshwe izingxenye ezigugile.

I-piston kufanele ihlanzwe ngokungcola, amafutha omisiwe kanye neminonjana yokugqwala, bese ifakwa isihlabathi. Okufanayo kufanele kwenziwe nge-surface yangaphakathi yesilinda. Uma kukhona ukuguqulwa okuphawulekayo, amaphuzu, imihuzuko ejulile, ukusebenza kahle kwe-cylinder ye-brake akunakwenzeka, kulokhu, ukushintshwa kuphela okusele.

Indawo ebuthaka ye-caliper brake mechanism izikhonkwane eziqondisayo lapho i-caliper ihamba khona. Yibo okungenzeka ukuthi babe yizigebengu. Izizathu ziwukungcola, ukugqwala, amagrisi amadala, ajiyile noma ukungabikho kwawo. Futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa ye-anther eyonakele kanye nokugcinwa okungavamile komshini.

Iziqondiso ze-caliper nezimbobo zazo nazo zidinga ukuhlanzwa kahle futhi zifakwe isihlabathi. Qinisekisa ukuthi imihlahlandlela ayikhubazeki, uma kungenjalo ishintshe.

Gcoba ipiston neziqondiso ngamafutha eziklanyelwe ama-caliper.

Ngemva kokuqedwa kokulungiswa, xilonga izinga le-brake fluid bese wopha uhlelo.

Kukhona i-air lock kuma-hydraulics wesistimu yamabhuleki.

Uma ucindezela i-pedal ye-brake, umoya uzocindezelwa, futhi umphumela ku-brake fluid uzoba mncane. Izindlela zamabhuleki kule sekethi ngeke zisebenze noma amandla okubhuleka ngeke anele.

Ibanga lokubhuleka lizokhula, futhi imoto ingase idonsele eceleni kancane uma ibhuleka. Ukuchezuka kusuka ekunyakazeni kwe-rectilinear ngenxa yomoya kuma-hydraulics akushiwo ngendlela efana nokuminyanisa kwephistoni endaweni yalo yasekuqaleni.

I-pedal yebhuleki ethambile ingolunye uphawu lomoya ohlelweni.

Ukwelashwa kusobala - ukupompa ama-hydraulics nokukhipha umoya kuwo.

Ukwephulwa kokuqina kwesistimu ye-hydraulic.

Lapho ukuqina kwesistimu ye-hydraulic yesistimu ye-brake kuphukile, uketshezi olusebenzayo lungase luphume, lokhu kuzoboniswa ukwehla kwezinga le-brake fluid. Lokhu kungasebenzi kuvame ukuhambisana nokuhayiza uma inyonyo yebhuleki icindezelwa. Ngokuvamile, ukuhayiza kuzwakala ngokucacile uma ucindezela i-pedal ngokushesha ngemva kokuma kwenjini. Ungathola ukuvuza ngokuhlola ngokucophelela uhlelo. Imikhondo ye-brake fluid ingaba sezingxenyeni, amapayipi, noma phansi.

Izindawo ezivame kakhulu zokuvuza yilezi:

• ipayipi eliqhekekile noma ithubhu lensimbi eligqwalile;

• ukuvuza ezindaweni lapho kuxhunywa khona amapayipi nezinsimbi ngenxa yezinsimbi eziboshwe ngokwanele;

• i-cylinder yebhuleki esebenzayo uma i-cuff efakwe ngaphakathi ilimele.

Ukuze ubuyisele ukucinana kwesistimu, buyisela amapayipi namashubhu alimele bese uqinisa izinsimbi ngokuphepha.

Isilinda samabhuleki singalungiswa kusetshenziswa ikhithi yokulungisa. Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, khona-ke umhlangano wamabhuleki kuzodingeka ushintshwe.

Isistimu yokubhuleka ngokuvamile ilungile, kodwa elinye lamasondo alibhuleki kahle.

Ukuziphatha komshini ngesikhathi sokubhuleka kufana necala lapho elinye lamasilinda esondo lingasebenzi.

Izizathu ezingaba khona:

• ama-brake pads aguge kabi. Uma umehluko omkhulu ezingeni lokugqoka kwama-pads amasondo angakwesokudla nakwesokunxele, imoto izophambukela ohlangothini;

• i-brake disc yelinye lamasondo igugile kabi noma ikhubazekile;

• amafutha, amanzi noma enye into enciphisa kakhulu i-coefficient of friction has got between the pads and disc.

Inkinga ixazululwa ngokuhlanzwa okuphelele nokushintshwa kwamaphedi namadiski agugile. Kumelwe zishintshwe kanyekanye kuwo womabili amasondo e-ekseli efanayo.

Uma kungekho zinkinga ngamabhuleki, kodwa imoto isashibilika iye kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla ngenkathi ibhuleka, kuzodingeka uqhubeke nokubheka ukuphuka, ucabangela izimbangela ezingase zibe khona.

• Amavili

Ngaphezu komehluko wengcindezi yesondo, ezinye izinkinga zamasondo nazo zingabangela imoto ukuthi iphambuke emgqeni oqondile ngesikhathi sokubhuleka:

1. amasondo awalingani;

2. elinye lamathayi linesici, i-hernia, njll.;

3. amathayi ezinhlobo ezahlukene afakwe ku-axle efanayo;

4. amathayi anephethini yokunyathela eqondisayo afakwe ngokungalungile;

5. ukuguga okungalingani kwamasondo kwesokunxele nakwesokudla, ikakhulukazi emasondweni angaphambili. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokushintsha kwamathayi ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, lapho elinye lamathayi angemuva, elivame ukuguga kancane, lifakwa ku-ekseli yangaphambili. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, ukumaka amathayi asusiwe ukuze agcinwe kuzovumela.

6. I-Camber / Convergence

Ukuqondanisa isondo okungalungile kungadonsela imoto eceleni ngesikhathi sokubhuleka. Isibonelo, ngokuchezuka okuphawulekayo ngesikhathi esisodwa kusukela kokujwayelekile kwe-angle ye-camber kanye ne-engeli yokuthambekela kwe-longitudinal ye-axis of rotation (caster), ukubhuleka kungase kuhambisane nokuchezuka emgqeni oqondile.

• Ukuhlehla okukhulu noma ukushada. 

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingakwazi ukudonsa ohlangothini hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi sokubhuleka, kodwa futhi phakathi nokunyakaza okujwayelekile kwe-rectilinear. Izinkinga zokuthwala amasondo zivame ukuhambisana nokuvungama okungashintsha ithoni nevolumu kuye ngesivinini.

• isici sebha ye-axle yangemuva.

• Ukuguga okungalingani kwemithombo yokulengiswa yangaphambili. Kuyafaneleka ukuxilonga ezinye izakhi zokumiswa - ama-ball bearings, amabhlogo athule.

• Ukulayisha okuhlukile komshini ohlangothini lwesobunxele nakwesokudla.

• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-anti-lock braking system noma isilawuli se-brake force, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "umthakathi".

• I-rack steering, izinduku namathiphu. Amathuba okuthi isizathu silele lapha mancane, kodwa le nketho ayikwazi ukukhishwa.