Ihlola ukudluliswa kwe-othomathikhi ukuthi ayinamaphutha

U-gearbox ozishintshayo mhlawumbe uyingxenye yemoto eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebiza kakhulu. Kuzobiza kakhulu ukuyilungisa uma konakala kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke nokuthi unganquma kanjani isimo sokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo ukuze ubone izinkinga ezingenzeka kusenesikhathi futhi ugweme izindleko zezezimali ezingadingekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlonza kahle ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo lapho uthenga imoto nge-othomathikhi emakethe yesibili. Uma ukusebenza kokudlulisela kungangabaza, ungakwazi ukuxoxisana futhi wehlise intengo noma ukuyeke ngokuphelele ukuthenga. Uma kungenjalo, ukuthengwa okungaphumelelanga kwemoto ene-othomathikhi eyinkinga kungase kubangele izindleko ezinkulu zokulungisa.

Lapho uthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu. Kungcono uma ukuxilongwa okuningiliziwe kwezingxenye ezibalulekile, kuhlanganise ne-gearbox, kwenziwa ochwepheshe. Kodwa lokhu akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, bese kufanele uhlole yonke into ngokwakho.

Okokuqala udinga ukwenza ukuhlola okuphelele komshini. Isimo semoto esijwayelekile singakutshela ukuthi zazinzima kangakanani izimo okwakumele asebenze kuzo.

Naka ukuthi kukhona yini i-tow hitch (hitch). Ukuba khona kwayo akulona uphawu oluhle kakhulu, okukhombisa ukuthi imoto ibikwazi ukuthwala inqola enemithwalo, okusho ukuthi injini evuthayo yangaphakathi kanye no-gearbox bekumele ithwale kanzima futhi iguge. I-towbar ngokwayo ingasuswa, kodwa bhekisisa - kungase kube khona iminonjana esele endaweni lapho ifakwe khona.

Buza umnikazi ukuthi umshini ubusebenza ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo, wawuseviswa kanjani, ulungiswe kanjani.

Uma imoto isebenza kwimodi yamatekisi, khona-ke kulokhu kungacatshangwa ukuthi ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kugugile kakhulu, okusho ukuthi ukulungiswa kwayo kukhanya esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.

Uma ibhokisi lilungisiwe, lokhu ngokwakho akuyona into embi. Ngemuva kokulungiswa kwekhwalithi, ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kungasebenza ngokujwayelekile isikhathi eside. Kodwa buza umnikazi ukuthi ukulungiswa kwenziwa nini futhi kungani, yini eyashintsha ngokuqondile. Cela amadokhumenti asekelayo - amasheke, izenzo zomsebenzi ezenziwe, amamaki encwadini yesevisi, hlola ukuthi sikhona yini isiqinisekiso. Ukungabikho kwamadokhumenti anjalo kufanele kuqaphele, kanye neqiniso lokuthi umnikazi usanda kulungisa ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo futhi manje uyayithengisa.

Thola ukuthi ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kwakwenziwa kanjani njalo, nini futhi ngasiphi isizathu uwoyela wagcina ukuguqulwa, hlobo luni loketshezi olwagcwaliswa - olwangempela noma i-analogue.

Qhathanisa idatha etholiwe nenani eliphelele lemayela lemoto. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza nokugcinwa okuvamile (njalo ku-50 ... amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-60), ukudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo okuzenzakalelayo kuqhuba isilinganiso sama-200 ... amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-250, irobhothi kanye ne-variator - cishe izinkulungwane eziyi-150. Ukuntuleka kwesondlo kunciphisa impilo yokusebenza yokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo ngo-2 ... izikhathi ezi-3.

Uma ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kanye nengxoxo nomthengisi kungazange kukudikibalise ekuthengeni le moto, ungaqhubekela ekuqinisekiseni okwengeziwe. Ukuxilongwa okungu-100% kokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kungenziwa kuphela ekuhlolweni kwesidumbu. Futhi ukuxilonga okuyisisekelo kuphela okutholakala kuwe, okuhlanganisa ukuhlola izinga nesimo samafutha, ikhebula lokulawula kanye nokuziphatha kokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kokunyakaza.

Uma i-gearbox inezinzwa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi eziqapha ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa nezinye imingcele, zizosiza ukuhlola isimo esijwayelekile se-othomathikhi, kodwa ngeke kuqede isidingo sokuhlola ukusebenza kwalolu phiko.

Ukuxilongwa kokuqala komshini ozishintshayo lapho uthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe akuhlukile kakhulu kunesheke ongalenza emotweni yakho.

Ngokungafani nebhokisi le-manual noma i-robotic gearbox, ku-gearbox ye-hydromechanical othomathikhi, uwoyela awusebenzi nje njengento yokugcoba, kodwa uwuketshezi olusebenzayo oluhilelekile ekudlulisweni kwe-torque. Ukufakwa kwegiya elithile kwenzeka ngokucindezela koketshezi lwe-ATF kumaphakethe e-clutch ahambisanayo. Ngakho-ke, ikhwalithi kawoyela we-ATF kanye nezinga lawo ekudluliselweni okuzenzakalelayo kungaphansi kwezidingo eziqinile kunezokuhambisa uwoyela ku-transmission manual.

Amajeki noma ukukhahlela ngesikhathi sokushintsha igiya kungase kubonise izinga elanele noma eleqile loketshezi olusebenzayo kumshini ozishintshayo. Izinga likawoyela elingalungile elivame ukuba yimbangela yokungasebenzi kahle komshini ozishintshayo.

Inqubo yokulinganisa izinga ingase ibe nama-nuances ayo kumamodeli ahlukene emishini, ngakho-ke okokuqala kufanele ubheke imanuwali yesevisi.

Ngokuvamile, imithetho yokuhlola izinga likawoyela ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo imi kanje.

Injini no-gearbox kumele kufudunyezwe. Ukuze ufinyelele izinga lokushisa lokusebenza, udinga ukushayela i-15 ... 20 amakhilomitha.

Yima endaweni esezingeni bese ubandakanya imodi ye-P (Yokupaka). Ungayivali injini, yiyeke isebenze isethi yamaminithi ingenzi lutho. Kwamanye amamodeli emoto, isilinganiso senziwa injini icishiwe, futhi isibambo sokushintshwa kufanele sibe ku-N () isikhundla. Lokhu kufanele kushiwo encwadini yomsebenzisi.

Ukuze uvimbele udoti ukuthi ungangeni ngaphakathi kokudluliswa kwe-othomathikhi, sula intamo, bese ususa i-dipstick bese uyivala ngephepha elimhlophe elihlanzekile. Hlola ikhwalithi yoketshezi. Ngokujwayelekile, kufanele ibe sobala futhi ibe nombala obomvana. Uma amafutha sekuyisikhathi eside esetshenziswa, angase abe mnyama kancane futhi athole umbala onsundu okhanyayo, lokhu kuyisimo esifanele. Kodwa umbala onsundu noma omnyama ubonisa ukuthi uketshezi selushise ngokweqile. Ukuba khona kokungcola noma izinsimbi zensimbi kubonisa ukuguga okukhulu. Futhi uma kukhona iphunga elivuthayo, kusho ukuthi ama-clutch e-friction ayashelela futhi mhlawumbe agugile. Izinga eliphezulu lokugqoka lisho ukuthi ibhokisi lizodinga ukulungiswa okubizayo.

Sula i-dipstick nge-rag ehlanzekile, engena-lint bese uyifaka kabusha isethi yamasekhondi, bese uyisusa futhi bese uhlola ileveli kawoyela ye-ATF. Kwamanye amamodeli, i-probe inophawu olulodwa kuphela, kodwa, njengomthetho, kukhona ezimbili zazo - ezishisayo nezibandayo. Izinga kufanele libe phakathi nendawo, ngaphandle kokuphambuka okuphawulekayo kolunye uhlangothi noma kwenye. Womabili amazinga oketshezi aphezulu naphansi ayingozi ngokulinganayo kuma-automatic transmissions. Uma kukhona ukuchezuka okuphawulekayo futhi izinga liseduze nezimpawu ze-COLD noma HOT, udinga ukwengeza noma ukupompa uwoyela oweqile.

Uma uketshezi ludala futhi lungcolile, kufanele lushintshwe. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi uwoyela we-ATF kufanele uhlangabezane nezidingo ze-automaker yale modeli, ngaphandle kwalokho ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo ngeke kusebenze ngokujwayelekile futhi kungahluleka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo njengamafutha, isihlungi sokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo kufanele futhi sishintshwe.

Isimo sinzima kakhulu ngamabhokisi abizwa nge-maintenance-free, lapho i-oil dipstick ingekho khona. Kulesi simo, ngeke kwenzeke ukucacisa izinga loketshezi olusebenzayo, kodwa ungakwazi okungenani ukuhlola iphunga. Nakuba ngokusemthethweni ukuguqulwa kukawoyela kunganikezwanga kuyunithi enjalo, empeleni kufanelekile ukuyishintsha ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kunwetshwe impilo yebhokisi. Ukuhlola ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo okunjalo, kufanele uxhumane nochwepheshe besevisi.

Ikhebula lokulungisa kancane kancane liyaphela, ukulungiswa kwalo kuphazamiseka. Ngokuvamile, ikhebula akufanele libe nokudlala kwamahhala. Kodwa ngokuvamile i-sags, ngenxa yalokho, amagiya angashintsha ngokushesha, ngesikhathi sokushintsha, ama-jerks aphindwe kabili kanye nama-slips azozwakala. Ukushintshela kumodi yokukhahlela phansi, eyenziwa kusebenze lapho i-gas pedal icindezelwa kuze kube phansi ngokucijile, izokwenzeka ngokubambezeleka okuthile kanye nokujeqeza kancane.

Labo abakhetha isitayela sokushayela esinolaka bavame ukudonsa ikhebula ngamandla. Kulokhu, imodi yokukhahlela phansi yenziwa isebenze ngejerk ebukhali futhi ngaphandle kokumisa kancane. Futhi ukushintsha igiya ngokucindezela okushelelayo kwe-gas pedal kuzobambezeleka kanye nama-jolts abambekayo.

Imanuwali yokukhanda nokulungisa imoto ngokuvamile ichaza inqubo yokulungisa ngokuningiliziwe. Umshayeli ngamunye angakwazi ukulungisa ikhebula ngokuthanda kwabo. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu onamakhono nokubekezela, ngoba udinga ukulungisa kancane, bese ushayela isikhathi esithile, uhlola ukuthi amagiya ashintsha kanjani ukusuka phansi kuya phezulu futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Ikhebula elixege ngokweqile noma eliqine kakhulu lingaphazamisa ukusebenza kahle komshini ozishintshayo. Uma isikhathi eside ungakunaki lokhu, i-automatic transmission izoguga ngesivinini esisheshayo.

Ngemuva kokuthi umshini owuhambisayo usufudumala, yimisa imoto endaweni elinganayo, cindezela bese uhamba kuzo zonke izindawo zesikhethi segiya. Okokuqala hambisa i-lever bese ubamba indawo ngayinye isethi yemizuzwana. bese wenza okufanayo ngokushesha. Ukunyakazisa kancane ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwamukelekile, ngokungafani nokunyakaziswa okuqinile, okubonisa ukusebenza okungalungile kokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo. Akufanele futhi kube nokubambezeleka okubalulekile ekubandakanyekeni kwegiya, ukudlidliza noma umsindo ongaphandle.

ukuxilonga emgwaqeni kuzonikeza ithuba lokuhlola ukusebenza kokudluliselwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zangempela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthola kusengaphambili ingxenye yomgwaqo efanelekile, ende ngokwanele futhi ngisho.

Bandakanya imodi ye-D (Drive) futhi usheshise ngokushelela ukusuka lapho umile. Njengoba usheshisela ku-60 km / h, kufanele kwenzeke okungenani amashifu amabili - kusuka ku-1 kuya kweyesi-2, bese kuya kweyesi-3. Ukushintsha kufanele kwenzeke ngokushaqeka okuncane. Ijubane lenjini kufanele libe phakathi kuka-2500 ... 3000 ngomzuzu ku-4-speed automatic transmission noma cishe 2000 ku-6-speed automatic transmission. Uma i-automatic transmission iyasebenza, akumele kube khona ukushaqeka okuqinile, amajerks kanye nokubambezeleka ekushintsheni amagiya, kanye nemisindo esolisayo.

Zama ukusheshisa kakhulu ukuze uhlole ukusheshisa okuguquguqukayo. Uma isivinini senjini siphezulu, kodwa imoto ayisheshi kahle, khona-ke lokhu kubonisa ukushelela okungenzeka kwama-clutch ebhokisini.

Okulandelayo, sebenzisa i-braking emnene ukuze uhlole i-downshift. Nalapha futhi akumele kube nokushaqeka okuqinile, ama-jerks, ukubambezeleka kanye nokwanda kwejubane lenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi.

Lapho ubhuleka kanzima, ukushintshela egiyeni le-1 kufanele kwenzeke ngaphandle kwama-jerks nokubambezeleka.

Amasheke achazwe ngenhla azosiza ukwenza esinye isinqumo. Uma ungumnikazi wemoto, unganquma ukuthi ukudluliswa kwakho okuzenzakalelayo kudinga ukuxilonga okuningiliziwe ngosizo lochwepheshe besevisi yemoto.

Uma sikhuluma ngokuthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe, khona-ke kuye ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa, kuzokwazi ukwenza isinqumo sokwenqaba ukuthenga noma ukwenza inzuzo enengqondo. Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa ikwanelisa, kufanele uye esiteshini sesevisi futhi uhlole ukuxilongwa okuningiliziwe kwe-othomathikhi, injini evuthayo yangaphakathi, nezinye izingxenye zemoto ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ukuthenga ngeke kukulethele ukudumazeka.