Okufanele ukwenze uma amatheminali ebhethri enziwe i-oxidized
Okuqukethwe
Amabhethri emoto aqukethe into enolaka kakhulu - i-sulfuric acid ekubunjweni kwe-electrolyte. Ngakho-ke, ukuphepha kwamatheminali okukhiphayo, okuvame ukwenziwa ngama-alloys okuhola, akwanele ukuqinisekisa ngokujwayelekile, njengoba avikela zonke ezinye izintambo zemoto emathonyeni asemoyeni.
Kubalulekile ukucabangela umphumela we-electrolyte neminye imikhiqizo yokusabela kwe-electrochemical kumabhethri. Amabhethri avaliwe nangakhathaleki enza okuncane ukusiza ngempilo ende yesevisi.
Yini ebangela i-oxidation yetheminali yebhethri?
Ukuze kubonakale ama-oxides, kukhona:
- insimbi;
- umoya-mpilo;
- izinto ezisebenza njengezisusa zenqubo;
- izinga lokushisa eliphakeme, okwandisa izinga lakho konke ukusabela kwamakhemikhali.
Kuhle futhi ukuba namandla kagesi ageleza ebusweni bento yensimbi, eshintsha inqubo yamakhemikhali ibe i-electrochemical, okungukuthi, izikhathi eziningi ezikhiqizayo. Ngokombono we-oxidation, hhayi nje noma iyiphi ingxenye yemoto, kodwa i-terminal yebhethri, lapho kubalulekile ukucabangela iqiniso lokuthi noma yikuphi ukusabela okuphezu kwendawo yokugcina okuholela kubizwa ngokuthi i-oxidation. Ayihlangene ne-oxidation.
Ama-lead sulfate awakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-oxide, njenge-copper sulphate, okungukuthi, i-copper sulfate, kanye nezinye izinto eziningi zemvelaphi yamaminerali kanye nemvelo. Kubalulekile ukuthi zonke zilulaze izakhiwo zesekethe yebhethri yangaphandle, ziholele ekuhlulekeni kukagesi, ngakho-ke zidinga ukubhekana nazo ngokuphumelelayo, hhayi ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali okunembile.
Ukuvuza kwegesi ye-hydrogen
Ngesikhathi sokushaja ngisho nokukhipha okukhulu kwebhethri le-asidi eholayo, i-hydrogen, njengomkhiqizo oyinhloko wokusabela, ayakhiwe. Kukhona ukuguqulwa komthofu omsulwa kanye nenhlanganisela yawo nomoya-mpilo ku-sulfate futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. I-asidi eku-electrolyte phakathi nalokhu kusabela iyadliwa bese igcwaliswa, kodwa i-hydrogen ayikhiphi ngobuningi.
Nokho, lapho ukusabela kuqhubeka ngamandla amakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho kushaja imisinga, i-hydrogen ehilelekile ekuguquleni kwamakhemikhali okumaphakathi ayinaso isikhathi sokuhlangana kabusha nomoya-mpilo bese iphenduka amanzi.
Kule modi, izokhishwa ngokujulile ngendlela yegesi, yakha isici "sokubilisa" se-electrolyte. Eqinisweni, lokhu akubilisi, isisombululo ngeke sibilise emazingeni okushisa aphansi kangaka. Lokhu ukukhishwa kwe-hydrogen ne-oksijini enegesi.
Isabelo esengeziwe samagesi sinikezwa inqubo ye-electrolysis yamanzi. I-current inkulu, kunomehluko owanele ongaba khona, ama-molecule amanzi aqala ukubola abe yi-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo. Azikho izimo zokuguqulwa okuphambene, amagesi aqala ukunqwabelana ngaphakathi kwekesi yebhethri. Uma ivaliwe, njengoba kwenziwa kumabhethri angenayo isondlo, ingcindezi iyakhuphuka.
Indlela izoba mahhala kubhethri elisebenze kakhulu ngokuxega kwangaphandle. Amagesi azophuma, ageleze azungeze insimbi yamatheminali futhi angene ekuhlanganeni kwamakhemikhali.
ukuvuza kwe-electrolyte
Akudingekile ukulindela ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo zokudlula kwegesi emfuthweni we-sulfuric acid namanzi ngokuvuza emkhathini, izinto zizokwenza ngaphandle kokubamba ingxenye ye-electrolyte.
Ama-molecule e-sulfuric acid azowela kuma-conductor nama-terminal lugs ngobuningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zishiswa imisinga ebalulekile. Ngokushesha, izinto ezingenhla zizoqala ukwakheka. Amatheminali aqhakaza ngokoqobo ngombala oluhlaza, ngokuvamile omhlophe, kodwa kuneminye imibala.
I-electrolyte ingaphinde idlule ngeziphambeko ekugcwaliseni icala, kanye nangokungena komoya, okungaba mahhala noma nge-valve yokuzivikela. Kodwa ngezingcindezi eziphezulu, lokhu akunandaba.
Umphumela uhlale ufana - i-sulfuric acid evela ezindaweni zensimbi izobashintsha ngokushesha babe yilokho, ukuze kube lula, okubizwa ngokuthi i-oxide. Okungukuthi, izinto ezinomthamo omkhulu, ezibangela ukumuncu kwazo zonke izinhlanganisela, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ziqhuba ugesi kagesi ngendlela enengekayo.
Yini enikeza ukwanda kokumelana nesikhashana, ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa, ukusheshisa ukusabela futhi, ekugcineni, ukwehluleka kokuxhumeka kwetheminali. Lokhu kuvame ukuvezwa ngendlela yokuthula kokuqala lapho ukhiye uphendulwa ukuze uqale. Ubukhulu obenzekayo wumsindo omkhulu werelay retractor.
Ukugqwala kwe-clamp
Ngokumelene nesizinda esinamandla kangaka, usungakwazi ukukhohlwa ngokugqwala okujwayelekile. Kodwa lapho ibhethri ivalwe ngokuphelele futhi isesimweni esihle, futhi zonke izindlela zivamile, khona-ke indima yayo ifika phambili.
Ukugqwala kuqhubeka kancane, kodwa ngokungenakugwenywa. Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, ingaphezulu lamatheminali lizokhipha i-oxidize kangangokuthi ukuphikiswa kokuxhumana ngeke kuvumele ukuhanjiswa okufunayo. Ukuziphatha komqali ezimweni ezinjalo sekuchazwe kakade.
Akuwona kuphela amatheminali ebhethri angaphansi kokugqwala, kodwa nozakwabo basezintanjeni. Akukhathaleki ukuthi zenziwe ngani, umthofu, ithusi, noma yiziphi izingxubevange ezifakwe ithathini noma ezinye izinsimbi zokuzivikela. Ngokushesha noma kamuva, yonke into i-oxidize ngaphandle kwegolide. Kodwa lezi zingxenye azenziwe ngayo.
Ukushajwa kabusha kwebhethri
Izinto ezinolaka kakhulu ziyakhishwa ngenxa yokushajwa ngokweqile. Amandla omthombo wangaphandle awasakwazi ukusetshenziswa ekuphenduleni okuwusizo kokuguqula ama-sulfate okuhola abe yinqwaba esebenzayo yama-electrode, avele aphela, amapuleti abuyiselwa.
Kuhlala ukushisa i-electrolyte futhi kubangele ukwakheka kwegesi eningi. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqapha ngokucophelela ukuzinza kwe-voltage yokushaja, ukugwema ukweqisa kwayo okuyingozi.
Ama-oxide angaholela kuphi?
Inkinga enkulu edalwa ama-oxide ukwanda kokumelana nesikhashana. Lapho i-current igeleza kuyo, ukwehla kwe-voltage kwenzeka.
Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ithola okuncane kubathengi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ayikutholi nhlobo, ngakho ukushisa kuqala ukukhishwa kulokhu kumelana namandla alinganayo nenani lawo eliphindwe yisikwele samandla amanje, okungukuthi, kukhulu kakhulu. .
Ngokushisa okunjalo, bonke othintana nabo bazobhujiswa ngokushesha, uma kungenjalo ngokomzimba, i-voltage isanqunyelwe, ngakho-ke ngomqondo kagesi. Ukwehluleka kwemishini kagesi kuzoqala emotweni, ngezinye izikhathi kungaqondakali ekuqaleni.
Ingabe ukhona umehluko phakathi kwe-oxidation yamatheminali e-bipolar
Kunezinganekwane eziningi kanye nezinganekwane mayelana nezizathu ezihlukahlukene ze-oxidation yamatheminali e-bipolar. Eqinisweni, yonke le yimikhiqizo yokubhekwa ngokucophelela kwenqubo yizisulu eziningi zokuguga kwemishini kanye nokuntula kwabo ulwazi.
Awukho umehluko phakathi komonakalo kumathiphu wokugcina we-anode ne-cathode, iyinsimbi efanayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, futhi isiqondiso sokugeleza kwamanje singathinta kuphela imiphumela ye-galvanic phakathi kwezingxenye zesixhumi.
Ngokumelene nesizinda sokulahleka kokuxhumana ngenxa yezizathu esezishiwo, lokhu kunganganakwa, izehlakalo zinentshisekelo yethiyori kuphela kubathandi besayensi.
Uwahlanza kanjani futhi kanjani amatheminali ebhethri
Ukuhlanza kwenziwa ngomshini, kuye ngezinga lokungcola, amabhulashi ensimbi, ama-rags amaholo, imimese namafayela angasetshenziswa.
Kubalulekile ukususa imikhiqizo yokusabela, kuyilapho unciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi ye-terminal. Uma kungenjalo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iziphetho ziba mncane, kunzima kakhulu ukulungisa amathiphu kuzo.
Ingxenye yekhebula yesixhumi kufanele futhi ihlanzwe. Amathuluzi afanayo. Ungasebenzisa futhi isikhumba esiqinile, kodwa lokhu akuthandeki ngenxa yokwethulwa kwezingxenye ezihlukanisiwe ze-abrasive ensimbi. Kodwa ngokuvamile akukho okubi okwenzekayo, ngemva kokuhlanza nge-sandpaper, amatheminali asebenza kahle.
Ungakugwema kanjani i-oxidation yetheminali yebhethri ngokuzayo
Ngemuva kokuhlanza, amatheminali kufanele avikelwe. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuwagcoba nganoma yikuphi ukwakheka kwamafutha omhlaba wonke. Isibonelo, i-petroleum jelly yezobuchwepheshe, nakuba omunye umkhiqizo ofanayo uzokwenza.
Akuyona ngisho nekhwalithi ye-lubricant ebalulekile, kodwa ukuvuselelwa kwayo okuvamile, ukuhlanjululwa nge-solvent nokusebenzisa okusha. Ngaphandle kokufinyelela ku-oxygen kanye nama-vapor anolaka, insimbi izophila isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka mayelana nokwehluleka kokuxhumana ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-lubricant. Lapho itheminali iqiniswa, isendlalelo sokuvikela sizocindezelwa kalula kuze kube yilapho kuthintana nensimbi, kuyilapho izindawo ezisele zizohlala zigcotshiwe futhi zilondoloziwe.
