I-Autopilot ezimotweni zanamuhla: izinhlobo, isimiso sokusebenza kanye nezinkinga zokuqalisa
Okuqukethwe
Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuhlukile, i-autonomous control, izimoto ezingenamuntu, i-autopilot. Lesi sakamuva sivela ezindizeni, lapho sekuyisikhathi eside sisetshenziswa futhi sithembekile, okusho ukuthi iyona enembe kakhulu.
Ikhompiyutha esebenzisa uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi, efakwe uhlelo lombono futhi ethola ulwazi oluvela kunethiwekhi yangaphandle, iyakwazi ngempela ukufaka umshayeli esikhundleni. Kodwa umbuzo wokuthembeka, ngokumangazayo, kubuchwepheshe bezimoto uqine kakhulu kunokwezindiza. Azikho izindawo eziningi emigwaqweni njengasemoyeni, futhi nemithetho yomgwaqo ayiqiniswanga ngendlela ecacile.
Kungani udinga i-autopilot emotweni yakho?
Uma sikhuluma nje, awudingi i-autopilot. Abashayeli sebevele benza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngosizo lwama-serial electronic assistants asevele etholakala.
Indima yabo ukucija ukusabela komuntu nokumnika lawo makhono abangawathola abambalwa kuphela ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokuzilolonga. Isibonelo esihle ukusebenza kwe-anti-lock braking system kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zeziqinisi ezisekelwe kuyo.
Kodwa inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe ayinakumiswa. Abakhiqizi bezimoto ababoni isithombe sezimoto ezizimele hhayi njengekusasa, kodwa njengento yokukhangisa enamandla. Yebo, futhi kuyasiza ukuba nobuchwepheshe obuphambili, bungadingeka noma nini.
Intuthuko ihamba kancane. Kunamazinga amaningana obuhlakani bomshayeli wokwenziwa:
- zero - ukulawulwa okuzenzakalelayo akuhlinzekiwe, konke kunikezwe umshayeli, ngaphandle kwemisebenzi engenhla ethuthukisa amakhono akhe;
- eyokuqala - eyodwa, umsebenzi ophephe kakhulu womshayeli ulawulwa, isibonelo sakudala i-adaptive cruise control;
- okwesibili - uhlelo luqapha isimo, okumele sihleleke ngokucacile, isibonelo, ukunyakaza emgqeni onomaka ofanelekayo kanye nezinye izimpawu ezilawulwa kahle, kuyilapho umshayeli engase angasebenzi esiteringini namabhuleki;
- okwesithathu - ihluke ngokuthi umshayeli angeke alawule isimo, ukuvimbela ukulawula kuphela esignali yesistimu;
- okwesine - futhi lo msebenzi uzophinde uthathwe yi-autopilot, imingcele ekusebenzeni kwayo izosebenza kuphela ezimweni ezithile ezinzima zokushayela;
- okwesihlanu - ukunyakaza okuzenzakalelayo ngokugcwele, akukho mshayeli odingekayo.
Ngisho namanje, zikhona izimoto ezikhiqizayo ezisondele kuphela maphakathi nalesi sikali esinemibandela. Ukwengeza, njengoba ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bukhula, amazinga angakenziwa kahle kuzodingeka anwetshwe ngokuya ngokusebenza.
Ukuthi isebenza kanjani
Izisekelo zokushayela okuzimele zilula kakhulu - imoto ihlola isimo sethrafikhi, ihlola isimo sayo, ibikezela ukuthuthukiswa kwesimo futhi inqume isenzo ngezilawuli noma ukuvuswa komshayeli. Kodwa-ke, ukuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe kuyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela emangalisayo kokubili ngokwesixazululo se-hardware kanye nama-algorithms okulawula isofthiwe.
Umbono wobuchwepheshe usetshenziswa ngokwezimiso ezaziwayo zokubuka isimo kububanzi obuhlukahlukene bamaza kagesi kanye nemiphumela ye-acoustic kuzinzwa ezisebenzayo nezingenzi lutho. Ukuze kube lula, zibizwa ngokuthi ama-radar, amakhamera, nama-sonar.
Isithombe esiyinkimbinkimbi esiwumphumela sidluliselwa kukhompyutha, elingisa isimo futhi idale izithombe, ihlola ingozi yazo. Ubunzima obukhulu bukhona lapha, isoftware ayimelani kahle nokuqashelwa.
Bazabalaza nalo msebenzi ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi, ngokwethula izici zenethiwekhi ye-neural, ukuthola ulwazi oluvela ngaphandle (kusuka kumasathelayithi nasezimotweni ezingomakhelwane, kanye nezimpawu zomgwaqo). Kodwa akukho ukuqashelwa okuqinisekile okungu-XNUMX%.
Izinhlelo ezikhona zivame ukuhluleka, futhi ngayinye yazo ingaphela ngokudabukisayo kakhulu. Futhi asevele anele amacala anjalo. Ngenxa yama-autopilots, kukhona abalimala abakhethekile abambalwa. Umuntu wayengenaso isikhathi sokungenelela ekulawuleni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi uhlelo aluzange luzame ngisho nokumxwayisa noma ukudlulisa ukulawula.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhiqiza izimoto ezizishayelayo
Imishini yokuhlola yokuzimela idalwe kudala, kanye nezakhi zezinga lokuqala ekukhiqizweni kwe-serial. Eyesibili isivele yazi kahle futhi isetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo. Kodwa imoto yokuqala yokukhiqiza enesistimu yezinga lesithathu eqinisekisiwe ikhishwe kamuva nje.
I-Honda, eyaziwa ngezixazululo zayo ezintsha, yaphumelela kulokhu, futhi-ke, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi iJapane iyiziba izivumelwano zokuphepha zomhlaba wonke.
IHonda Legend Hybrid EX inekhono lokushayela phakathi kwethrafikhi, ishintsha imizila, futhi idlule ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle kokudinga ukuthi umshayeli abeke izandla esondo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Yilo mkhuba ovela ngokushesha, ngokusho kochwepheshe, ongeke uvumele ngisho nezinhlelo zezinga lesithathu ukuba zibe semthethweni ngokushesha. Abashayeli baqala ukungamethembi umshayeli we-autopilot futhi bayeke ukulandela umgwaqo. Amaphutha e-automation, asengagwemeki, kulokhu ngokuqinisekile azoholela engozini enemiphumela emibi.
Yaziwa ngentuthuko ethuthukisiwe ye-Tesla, eyethula njalo i-autopilot emishinini yayo. Ukuthola njalo amacala avela kumakhasimende ayo angaqondi kahle amathuba okushayela okuzenzakalelayo futhi engazi ukuthi angayisebenzisa kanjani ngendlela efanele, ngakho-ke uTesla akakakakhuphuki ngaphezu kweleveli yesibili.
Sekukonke, cishe izinkampani ezingama-20 emhlabeni ziye zaphumelela ezingeni lesibili. Kodwa abambalwa kuphela abathembisa ukukhuphuka kancane kancane esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Lezi yiTesla, General Motors, Audi, Volvo.
Abanye, njenge-Honda, banqunyelwe ezimakethe zendawo, khetha izici nama-prototypes. Amanye amafemu asebenza ngokuzimisela ekushayeleni ngokuzihambela, kuyilapho engezona izikhondlakhondla zezimoto. Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-Google ne-Uber.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nezimoto ezingenamuntu
Ukuvela kwemibuzo yabathengi kuma-autopilot kungenxa yokuthi iningi labashayeli abaqondi kahle ukuthi uyini umsebenzi wocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa, futhi kule ndaba, nokuthi zihlobene kanjani nomthetho.
Ohlola imishini
Ukuhlola imishini ezimweni zangempela, kufanele uthole imvume ekhethekile, efakazelwe ngaphambilini ukuthi ukuphepha kuqinisekisiwe. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwabakhiqizi abahamba phambili, izinkampani zokuthutha nazo zihlanganyela kulokhu.
Amakhono abo ezezimali abavumela ukuthi batshale imali ekuveleni kwamarobhothi emigwaqo yesikhathi esizayo. Abaningi sebezimemezele kakade izinsuku eziqondile lapho imishini enjalo izoqala ukusebenza ngayo.
Ubani oyoba nephutha uma kwenzeka ingozi
Nakuba umthetho uhlinzeka ngomsebenzi womuntu oqhuba isondo. Imithetho yokusebenzisa ama-autopilot yakhelwe ngendlela yokuthi izinkampani ezikhiqizayo zizobalekela izinkinga ngokuxwayisa abathengi ngesidingo sokuqapha njalo ukusebenza kwamarobhothi.
Ezingozini zangempela, kusobala ukuthi zenzeke ngokusemthethweni ngephutha lomuntu. Uxwayiswe ngokuthi imoto ayiqinisekisi ukusebenza kwamaphesenti ayikhulu okuqaphela, ukubikezela kanye nezinhlelo zokuvimbela izingozi.
Kunini lapho imoto ingashintsha khona umuntu ohamba ngesondo?
Naphezu kobuningi bezinsuku ezinqunyiwe zokuqaliswa kwamaphrojekthi anjalo, konke osekudlulile kakade kuhlehliselwe esikhathini esizayo. Isimo siwukuthi izibikezelo ezikhona ngeke kuhlangatshezwane nazo, ngakho-ke izimoto ezizimele ngokugcwele ngeke zivele esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo, umsebenzi waba nzima kakhulu kulabo abanethemba lokuhle bahlela ukuyixazulula ngokushesha futhi benze imali kuyo.
Kuze kube manje, ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bungalahlekelwa yimali nesithunzi kuphela. Futhi ukuthakaseleka ngama-neurosystem kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu.
Sekuvele kufakazelwe ukuthi izimoto ezihlakaniphe kakhulu zingakwazi ukuqala budedengu emigwaqeni ukwedlula abashayeli abasafufusa abasebancane abanemiphumela efanayo.
