Kusho ukuthini ukubhuleka injini futhi ukwenze ngendlela efanele

Ukuze yehlise isivinini imoto, inesistimu yamabhuleki esebenzayo neyokupaka. Kodwa amakhono abo alinganiselwe, ngakho ngezinye izikhathi kufanelekile ukusebenzisa usizo lweyunithi enkulu futhi engathi sína njengenjini, engakwazi ukusheshisa imoto nokugcina isivinini. Imodi yokukhetha amandla e-kinetic engeziwe ngenjini ngokusebenzisa ukudlulisa ibizwa ngokuthi i-engine braking.

Kungani imoto yehlisa ijubane uma injini ibhuleka

Lapho umshayeli ekhulula i-throttle, injini ingena kwimodi yokungenzi lutho ephoqelelwe. Idling - ngoba ngesikhathi esifanayo ayithumeli amandla kaphethiloli ovuthayo emthwalweni, kodwa ibizwa ngokuthi ukuphoqelelwa ngenxa yokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft ukusuka ohlangothini lwamasondo, hhayi ngokuphambene nalokho.

Uma uvula uxhumano phakathi kokudlulisela kanye nenjini, isibonelo, ngokukhipha i-clutch noma ukuhlanganisa igiya elingathathi hlangothi, khona-ke injini ijwayele ukufinyelela isivinini esingenzi lutho, njengoba ihambisana nomklamo wayo.

Kodwa lapho ubhuleka, uxhumano luhlala, ngakho-ke i-shaft yokufaka ye-gearbox ijwayele ukuzungeza injini, isebenzisa amandla agcinwe isisindo semoto ehambayo.

Amandla enjini ngesikhathi sokungenzi lutho ngempoqo asetshenziswa ekungqubuzaneni kwemishini, kodwa le ngxenye incane, ama-node athuthukisiwe ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa. Ingxenye eyinhloko iya kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa kokupompa. Igesi licindezelwa kumasilinda, lishisiswe, bese liyanwetshwa ngesikhathi sokushaywa kwepiston.

Ingxenye ebalulekile yamandla ilahleka ekulahlekelweni kokushisa, ikakhulukazi uma kunezithiyo endleleni yokugeleza. Ngama-ICE kaphethiloli, lena i-throttle valve, futhi ezinjinini zikadizili, ikakhulukazi amaloli anamandla, afaka ibhuleki lentaba elengeziwe ngesimo se-damper endaweni yokuphuma.

Ukulahleka kwamandla, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukwehla kwejubane, kuphezulu, sikhulu isivinini sokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuncishiswe ngempumelelo, kuyadingeka ukushintshela ngokulandelana kumagiya aphansi, kuze kufike kwelokuqala, ngemuva kwalokho ungasebenzisa amabhuleki esevisi. Ngeke bashise ngokweqile, isivinini sehlile, futhi amandla ancike esikweleni sawo.

Ubuhle nobubi bendlela

Izinzuzo zokubopha injini zinkulu kangangokuthi kufanele zisetshenziswe, ikakhulukazi ekwehleni okude:

• uma amandla amaningi njengoba injini ekwazi ukuwathatha ekhishwa kumabhuleki enkonzo, khona-ke azoshisa kakhulu futhi ahluleke, kodwa lokhu ngeke kulimazi injini nganoma iyiphi indlela;
• uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwesistimu ye-braking main, ukwehla ngosizo lwenjini kuzohlala kuwukuphela kwendlela yokulondoloza imoto, abagibeli kanye nakho konke okuthola endleleni yemoto engalungile;
• ezimweni zezintaba azikho ezinye izindlela zokwehla ngokuphepha, amabhuleki angakwazi ukumelana nezimo zezintaba awafakwa ezimotweni zabantu;
• ngesikhathi sokubhuleka kwenjini, amasondo ayaqhubeka nokujikeleza, okungukuthi, awavimbeli, futhi imoto igcina ikhono lokuphendula isondo lokuqondisa, ngaphandle kwendawo eshelela kakhulu, lapho amathayi elahlekelwa ukuxhumana noma ngokuhlehla kancane. ;
• nge-back or all-wheel drive, imoto iqiniswa yi-deceleration vector;
• insiza yamadiski namaphedi igcinwa.

Hhayi ngaphandle kobubi:

• ukuqina kwe-deceleration kuncane, kufanele uqonde umehluko phakathi kwamandla namandla, injini ingathatha amandla amaningi, kodwa hhayi ngesikhathi esifushane, lapha uhlelo lokubhuleka lunamandla kakhulu;
• ukwehla kwejubane kunzima ukuphatha, umshayeli kufanele abe nolwazi namakhono, futhi izinhlobo zokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo zifaka ama-algorithms afanele wokushintsha;
• akuzona zonke izimoto eziqeqeshelwe ukuvula amalambu amabhuleki ngalolu hlobo lokubhuleka;
• Uma uhamba ngamasondo angaphambili, ukubhuleka kungazelelwe kungenza imoto ingasebenzi kahle futhi iyenze i-skid.

Singakhuluma ngezinzuzo nezinkinga kuphela mayelana nolwazi, empeleni, umbuso ubalulekile, ngaphandle kwawo ububanzi bokusebenzisa imoto bulinganiselwe kakhulu.

Indlela yokubopha kahle

Izimoto zanamuhla ziyakwazi ukwenza ngokwazo, udinga nje ukukhulula i-accelerator pedal. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani nokuthi ungawuthuthukisa kanjani umphumela.

U-gearbox oshintshwayo

Ku-"mechanics" kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela yokushintshela ngokushesha kumagiya aphansi esimweni esibi kakhulu. Ukwehla kokusebenza kwenjini ngokushuba okuphansi kufinyelelwa ngokumane ushintshele kwimodi evamile. Kodwa uma udinga ukwehlisa ngokushesha ijubane lapho amabhuleki ehluleka noma esimweni lapho engakwazi ukubhekana nakho, kunzima ukushintshela egiyeni elifanele.

Ibhokisi elivumelanisiwe liyakwazi ukulinganisa ijubane lokuphenduka kwamagiya uma liheha. Kodwa kuphela ngaphakathi kwemingcele elinganiselwe, amandla ama-synchronizers mancane. Imoto ethatha isivinini esheshayo izungeza izigxobo zebhokisi, futhi ijubane lokuzungeza lika-crankshaft liphansi.

Ukuze uthole ukusebenzelana okungashaqisayo, kuyadingeka ukuhambisa i-lever ngaleso sikhathi lapho injini isebenza ngalezo zivinini ezihambisana nesivinini samanje egiyeni elikhethiwe.

Ukuze kufezeke lesi simo, umshayeli onesipiliyoni uzokwenza ukukhululwa kwe-clutch okuphindwe kabili nge-regassing. Igiya lamanje livaliwe, ngemva kwalokho, ngokucindezela igesi ngokushesha, injini iyazulazula, i-clutch ivaliwe futhi i-lever ihanjiswa endaweni oyifunayo.

Ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa, ukwamukela kwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi kuyasiza kakhulu ngisho nasekusetshenzisweni okuvamile, ukulondoloza insiza ye-gearbox, lapho ama-synchronizers ehlala eyiphuzu elibuthakathaka, futhi ngolunye usuku lokhu kungasindisa imoto, impilo, mhlawumbe nokuphila. Ezemidlalo ngokuvamile, akukho lutho olungenziwa ngaphandle kwalokhu ekudlulisweni kwe-manual.

Ukudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo

Umshini we-hydraulic othomathikhi manje usufakwe yonke indawo ngokulawula uhlelo lwe-elekthronikhi. Iyakwazi ukubona isidingo sokubhuleka kwenjini futhi izokwenza konke okuchazwe ngenhla iyodwa. Okuningi kuncike ebhokisini elithile, izici odinga ukuzazi.

Abanye badinga usizo ngezindlela eziningi:

• vula imodi yezemidlalo;
• shintshela ekulawuleni okwenziwa ngesandla, bese usebenzisa isikhethi noma ama-paddles ngaphansi kwesondo lokuqondisa;
• sebenzisa izikhundla zokukhetha ezinobubanzi obulinganiselwe bamagiya, khubaza amagiya okushayela kakhulu noma aphezulu.

Kunoma yikuphi, ungasebenzisi ukungathathi hlangothi ngenkathi ushayela. Amaphutha amabi kakhulu njengokuhlehlisa noma ukupaka.

I-CVT

Ngokusho kwe-algorithm yokusebenza, i-variator ayihlukani nebhokisi legiya le-hydromechanical lakudala. Abaklami abathwali umthwalo kumnikazi ngesidingo sokwazi ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwesilinganiso segiya kuhlelwa kanjani emshinini.

Ngakho-ke, ungase ungazi ngisho ukuthi hlobo luni lokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo efakwe kule moto, zonke izinqubo zenziwa ngendlela efanayo.

Robot

Kuyisiko ukubiza irobhothi ngebhokisi lomshini elinokulawula ngogesi. Okungukuthi, ihlelwe ukuze umnikazi asebenzise ukudluliswa ngendlela efanayo nakweminye imishini, futhi ezimweni eziningi kukhona imodi yokushintsha manual, okufanelekile ukuyisebenzisa uma udinga ukunciphisa injini.

Ngisho nokulula okwengeziwe, njengoba kungekho-clutch pedal, futhi irobhothi elihle liqeqeshelwe ukwenza izinguquko zegesi ngokwalo. Ungabukisisa umjaho weFormula 1, lapho umshayeli evele ehlise inani elidingekayo lamagiya nge-paddle ngaphansi kwesiteringi ngaphambi kokujika.