Ingabe ama-automatic transmission angcono kunalawo ashintshwayo?

Ukungaboni ngaso linye mayelana nokuphakama komshini owodwa kunomunye selokhu kwavela ama-automatic okokuqala emakethe.

Emashumini eminyaka adlule, kuye kwavela izinganekwane eziningi, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokudluliswa kwemishini okuzenzakalelayo. Abakhiqizi izimoto, nokho, azibonakali zinendaba nalokhu futhi zihlala zithuthukisa imiklamo yazo.

Ngenxa yale misebenzi, kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, kuningi okushintshile mayelana nokunethezeka kokushayela kwezimoto ezishintshayo. Kokubili ePoland nakulo lonke elaseYurophu, izimoto ezizenzakalelayo ziseyingcosana. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi benza ngaphansi kuka-10% wezimoto ezihamba emigwaqeni yethu. Khonamanjalo, eMelika isimo sihluke kakhulu - cishe 90% izimoto ifakwe automatic transmission. Lokhu kudalwa ukuthi uphethiloli ubulokhu ushibhile kakhulu olwandle uma uqhathaniswa ne-Ocean Continent, kanti nezimoto ezizishintshayo beziwudla kakhulu. Nokho, kuze kube yilapho ukwanda eminyakeni embalwa edlule, akekho e-United States owayekhathazeke ngokukhethekile ngokusetshenziswa kakhulu kukaphethiloli wemoto esetshenziswayo. Kodwa-ke, emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ukuhlakanipha okuvamile kuye kwaphikelela ukuthi imoto ene-othomathikhi yokudlulisela kulokhu ingabizi kakhulu kunemoto efanayo ne-manual transmission. Ingabe kuyiqiniso ngempela?

Amandla kagesi amaningi esimanje awakunyusi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Kunokuqhathaniswa okuningi kwemiphumela yokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli yezinhlobo ezifanayo zezimoto ezizishintshayo nezithunyelwa ngesandla ezingosini ze-inthanethi, kodwa khumbula ukuthi okuningi kuncike endleleni yethu yokushayela kanye nemikhuba yokushayela. Uma umshayeli ethanda ukushayela okunamandla, uzothola amaphuzu aphezulu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ushayela nge-"automatic" noma nge-manual transmission. Ama-othomathikhi amadala ajwayele ukusabela ekucindezelweni kwe-gas pedal ngokubambezeleka, hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuqaphela izinhloso zabashayeli futhi ngokuvamile "ukuphotha" injini ngokungadingekile ijubane eliphezulu.

Ikhompiyutha inesibopho sokusebenza kwama-othomathikhi esimanje, ezama ukukhulisa isivinini ukuze imoto iguquguquke ngokwanele, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi iyonga. Emamodelini amaningi ezimoto, siphinde sibe nokukhetha izindlela zokushayela - isibonelo, "ezomnotho" noma "ezemidlalo", kuye ngokuthi sishayela ngokuzolile yini edolobheni noma sidlula ezinye izimoto emgwaqeni omkhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nasezindabeni ze-SUVs, ezivame ukuthandwa kakhulu ePoland, okungukuthi izimoto ezinkulu nezisindayo kunezimoto ezihlangene zakudala, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kwemodeli enikeziwe nge-manual noma othomathikhi ngokuvamile kufana kakhulu.

O gearbox besimanje basebenza ngendlela yokuthi umshayeli uhlale enomuzwa wokuthi uma kunesidingo (isibonelo, uma edlula), akasoze aphelelwa amandla. Kulabo abathanda ukushayela okunamandla futhi abathokozela kakhulu lo muzwa wokuzethemba, i-continuously variable automatic transmission (CVT) iyisixazululo esikhangayo. Endabeni yalolu hlobo lwebhokisi, ukufinyelela njalo emandleni aphezulu emoto akusho ukuthi ukwanda kwesifiso sikaphethiloli.

Izimoto ezinezinhlobo ezahlukene zokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo ziyatholakala emakethe: ukuthunyelwa kwe-othomathikhi yakudala, ama-variators angenasinyathelo noma ukuhanjiswa kwe-clutch okubili. "Automatic" ihluke komunye nomunye mayelana nemingcele, kodwa iningi musa kakhulu ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa uphethiloli futhi abanalo umphumela othize ekusebenzeni kwemoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esimweni seminye imiklamo, izimoto ezine-othomathikhi zingakwazi ukonga futhi zibe namandla kakhulu kunozakwabo abane-transmission manual.

Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi imoto efakwe umshini ozishintshayo akumele idonswe noma iphushwe. Ukuze uqale, udinga ukusebenzisa ibhethri eyengeziwe nezintambo ezikhethekile.

Umlando omncane ...

Ukukhulunywa kokuqala komshini ozenzakalelayo wemoto kwaqala ngo-1909. Ngesikhathi sezimpi, ukuguqulwa kwamagiya kagesi kwavela namabhathini esiteringini (Vulcan Electric Gearshift). I-auto automatic transmission yokuqala yafakwa ku-American Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser ngo-1939. Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo okuguquguqukayo okuqhubekayo kwaqala eNetherlands ngo-1958 (DAF), kodwa lolu hlobo lwesixazululo lwakhula ngokuduma ngasekupheleni kwawo-XNUMX. Eminyakeni yamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, ukuthandwa kwama-automatic transmissions kwakhula.   

Izinhlobo zokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo

I-AUTOMATIC STAGE AT (ukudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo)

Iqukethe amasethi wamasathelayithi, ama-clutches nama-band brakes. Kunzima, kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuyabiza. Izimoto ezine-automatic transmission yakudala zishisa uphethiloli omningi kunezimoto ezishintshwayo ngokwesiko.

I-BEZSTOPNIOWA CVT (ukudluliselwa okuguquguqukayo okuqhubekayo)

Isebenza ngesisekelo sesethi yama-pulleys amabili ane-variable circumference, lapho ibhande le-multi-disc noma iketango ligijima khona. I-torque isakazwa ngokuqhubekayo.

I-AUTOMATIC AST (Shift Automatic Transmission)

Lona umshini oshintshwayo oshintshwayo onama-actuator kanye nesoftware ekuvumela ukuthi ushintshe amagiya ngaphandle kokungenelela komshayeli. Lesi sixazululo sishibhile futhi siyawonga uphethiloli ngoba u-gearbox uyakwazi ukushintsha amagiya ngesikhathi esifanele.

I-AUTOMATIC DSG DUAL CLUTCH (I-Direct Shift Transmission)

Inguqulo yesimanje kakhulu yokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo ekwazi ukudlulisa i-torque ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Kulokhu, inhlanganisela emibili isetshenziswa. Ngayinye yazo isekela isethi yayo yamagiya. Ngokusekelwe kudatha, i-electronics ibona izinhloso zomshayeli.

Ngokusho kukangoti - Marian Ligeza ongungoti ekudayisweni kwezimoto

Ukuhlobanisa ugesi ozishintshayo nokwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuyi-anachronism. "Imishini ezenzakalelayo" yesimanje ngisho ikuvumela ukuba wonge uphethiloli, okuyinzuzo yabo enkulu ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa ukunethezeka kokushayela nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha (umshayeli ugxile emgwaqeni). Kodwa-ke, umbuzo wentengo ephakeme uhlala, okungewona wonke umuntu olungele ukuvuma. Kodwa-ke, uma umthengi ekwazi ukukhokhela inkokhiso eyengeziwe, kufanelekile ukukhetha inguqulo ngokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo noma okuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu akusebenzi kulabo abathanda ukunquma isilinganiso segiya ngokwabo. Kodwa abaklami "bemishini ye-automatic" nabo bacabanga ngabo - ukuthunyelwa okuningi okuzenzakalelayo kunikeza ithuba lokushintsha igiya lezandla kumodi elandelanayo.