Izimpawu ezi-5 zokuqhekeka kwe-turbocharger

Kuyaye kuthiwe ukwehluleka kwe-turbocharger kufile futhi akuvunguzi. Lesi sisho esihlekisayo sikamakhenikha abenzi abanikazi bezimoto lapho i-turbocharger ihlulekile - ukufaka esikhundleni se-turbine ngokuvamile kunciphisa isikhwama semali ngezinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Nokho, ukushiyeka kwalesi sici kulula ukukubona. Thola ukuthi kungani engazange aqhume ngaphambi kokuba afe ngokuphelele!

Uzofundani kulokhu okuthunyelwe?

• Ungasho kanjani ukuthi i-turbocharger ayisebenzi kahle?

Ngikhuluma nje

I-turbocharger isebenza ezimeni ezinzima. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ilayishwe kakhulu - i-rotor yayo ijikeleza kuze kufike ku-250 revolutions. rpm. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele ibhekane namazinga okushisa amakhulu - amagesi e-exhaust adlula kuwo ashiswa aze afike kumakhulu amaningana degrees Celsius. Nakuba ama-turbines enziwe ngezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside futhi aklanyelwe ukuhlala impilo yezinjini, ukwehluleka kwezinjini kuvamile.

Nokho, ukungasebenzi kahle kwandulelwa izimpawu ezisobala: ukwehla kwamandla enjini, intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma emnyama epayipini lokukhipha umoya, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukawoyela wenjini nomsindo ongavamile (izinkanyezi, ukukhala, umsindo wensimbi phezu kwensimbi).

1. Ukuncipha kwamandla

Uphawu olubaluleke kakhulu lokuhluleka kwe-tube compressor ukwehla okubonakalayo kwamandla enjini. Ngokuqinisekile uzosibona lesi sikhathi - uzozwa ukuthi imoto ilahlekelwe ukusheshisafuthi uzomangala ngokuthula kungazelelwe. Ukulahlekelwa amandla unomphela kuvame ukubangelwa ukuvuza phakathi kwe-turbocharger kanye nesistimu yokudonsa noma yokukhipha umoya, kanye nokuguga kule nto.

Kukhona futhi isignali ekhombisa ukuthi i-turbo inephutha ukusebenza kwe-ripple, i.e. ehla ngezikhathi ezithile emandleni enjini. Ngokuvamile zihambisana nokufakwa kwenkomba yephutha kudeshibhodi. Lolu daba lubhekise ku ama-geometry turbines ahlukahlukene... Lokhu kubangelwa ukuvinjelwa kwama-rotor blades ahambayo, isibonelo, ngenxa yediphozithi eqoqwe phakathi kwabo.

2. Intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Umbala wentuthu ophuma epayipini lokukhipha umoya uzokutshela okuningi mayelana nesimo se-turbocharger. Uma okwesibhakabhaka futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhambisana nephunga elivuthayo elingathandeki, ke Ukuvuza kwamafutha enjini endaweni evuthayo.... Ingaphuma ohlelweni lokugcoba ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene (isibonelo, ngamasongo e-piston awonakele noma ama-valve seal). Ngokombono, ayikwazi ukugeleza ezingxenyeni ze-turbine. Ifakwe ekamelweni elivikelwe ngezimpawu zensimbi, ngokungafani namapayipi enjoloba, angacindezelwa noma aphukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona inani elikhulu lokucindezela endlini ye-turbocharger - yilokhu okugcina kusebenza, futhi yilokho okungavumeli amafutha ukuba aphume ekamelweni.

Umthombo wokuvuza akufanele utholakale kakhulu ku-turbocharger ngokwayo njengaku-turbocharger ngokwayo. uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwesistimu yokugcoba... Inkinga ingaba i-DPF engcolile noma i-EGR valve, imigqa evalekile ehambisa uwoyela egunjini le-turbine, noma ngisho nowoyela omningi enjinini.

Buka injini esebenzayo!

Nakuba izizathu zincane kodwa kuyenzeka ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwezimoto ezinodizili kugcine kubhidlika ngendlela emangalisayo - lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi yi-acceleration injini. Ifika kuye uma amafutha enjini amaningi angena kumasilinda aze abe umthamo owengeziwe kaphethiloli. Injini iqala ukuqalisa - iya ngesivinini esiphezulu nesiphezulu, okubangela ukwanda kwe-turbocharging. I-turbine iletha imithamo elandelayo yomoya egumbini elivuthayo, futhi nayo imithamo elandelayo ... yamafutha, okubangela ukwanda okukhulu kwejubane. Lokhu kuzungeza akukwazi ukumiswa. Kujwayelekile kakhulu nokucisha ignition akusizi – izinjini zikadizili zivame ukucishwa ngokunqanyulwa kukaphethiloli. Futhi lapho leyo fuel iba amafutha enjini...

Ukwehluleka kwedrayivu ezimweni eziningi kakhulu kubangela ukwehluleka kweyunithi yokushayela.

Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuhlakazeka kwenjini lapha: I-Engine scatter isifo esihlanyayo sikadizili. Kuyini futhi kungani ungafuni ukuzwa ngakho?

3. Ukomela amafutha nokuchitheka.

Kwenzeka ukuthi izimoto ezinamandla kakhulu "zithatha" amafutha amancane - lokhu kungokwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, uma ukufakwa kukaphethiloli kudingekile kaningi kunokuvamile, bhekisisa futhi ube umakhenikha othembekile ahlole isistimu yokuthambisa. I-turbine ingaba yicala. Wonke amathrekhi kawoyela emigqeni kufanele abe ukukhathazeka. I-turbocharger egcotshiwe noma i-intercooler—irediyetha eyehlisa izinga lokushisa lomoya ngaphambi kokuba ingene kusilinda—iwuphawu lokugcina oluyisixwayiso lwenkinga enkulu yenjini.

4. Intuthu emnyama

Ezimotweni ezine-turbocharged, kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka okuphambene - kuze kufike kumasilinda awukho umoya owanele wokushiswa kwamafutha ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kuboniswa yintuthu emnyama nokwehla kwamandla enjini. Inkinga ngokuvamile iwumshini kuphela - kwenzeka ngenxa yokulimala kwe-rotor.

5. Umsindo

Amasistimu esimanje ama-turbocharging athule kangangoba abashayeli abaningi baqaphela kuphela lapho beqala ukwehluleka futhi ngenxa yalokho bagijima kakhulu. Noma yimuphi umsindo ongavamile owenziwa injini ngokuzumayo kufanele ube imbangela yokukhathazeka, kodwa eminye imisindo injalo ukukhala, ukuhhewula noma umsindo wokuhlikihla kwensimbi ngokumelene nensimbi - okuvamile ku-turbine ehlulekile... Zivela uma injini ishuniselwa kwi-rpm ephezulu (isuka cishe ku-1500 rpm) futhi iyanda nomthwalo owandayo. Izimbangela zingasukela ezinkingeni zamapayipi avuzayo nokokugcoba, izindlu eziqhekekile namabheringi agugile, kuye ku-DPF evalekile noma isiguquli se-catalytic.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukwehluleka okukhulu nokubizayo kwe-turbocharger? Nakekela ukugcoba okufanele. Sinephakethe lolwazi ukuze ugcine i-turbo yakho isesimweni esihle - kubhulogi yethu uzofunda ukuthi i-turbocharger isebenza kanjani nokuthi ungayishayela kanjani imoto ene-turbocharged ukuze ungalayishi kakhulu uhlelo nasesitolo sethu sezimoto .com uzothola amafutha emoto angcono kakhulu. Kuhlole - vumela i-turbine emotweni yakho isebenze kahle!

unsplash.com