Izinkinga ezi-4 ngemoto okungafanele uzame ukuzilungisa - kunenzuzo enkulu ukuqasha imoto ngezinsimbi ezilahliwe noma ukuyithengisa izingxenye

Okunye ukungasebenzi kahle kwezimoto akumphathi kahle. Ngezinye izikhathi kulula ukungazihluphi ngokulungisa, kodwa ukususa imoto ngokushesha.

Ukwephulwa kwejometri yomzimba

Kwezinye izimo, ukubuyisela "i-muzzle" eshayiwe yemoto akunzima ikakhulukazi, naphezu kokubukeka okungabonakali. Nokho, uma imoto iye yaba nomthelela onamandla frontal, izinkinga zingase ziphakame.

Lapho kushayisana okunamandla, ingxenye engaphambili yomzimba ikhubazekile. Ukwephulwa kwejiyomethri kuhlanganisa ukushintshwa okubizayo kwengxenye yohlaka, lapho kunamathiselwe khona izibani zangaphambili, irediyetha, i-cladding, ibhampa yangaphambili nokunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzodingeka ususe injini, okungewona umsebenzi olula emotweni ephukile.

Ukwephulwa okunzima kakhulu kwejiyomethri yomzimba ngemva kokungqubuzana kwangaphambili ukuguquguquka okuphelele kwengaphambili lemoto. Kwesinye isikhathi ukushaya kuthinta wonke umzimba uwonke, okuhlanganisa izici zamandla nezingxenye zohlaka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Lezi kanye nezinye iziphambeko ziqedwa kuphela kumishini ekhethekile yinkosi enolwazi olunzulu emsebenzini onjalo. Kodwa ngokuvamile kunenzuzo enkulu ukudayisa imoto ukuze uthole izingxenye zayo noma uyilahle.

Gcwalisa injini yokugqoka

Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi iyingxenye yesibili ebaluleke kakhulu yemoto ngemuva komzimba. Futhi akukona okuphakade - ngesikhathi esisodwa "esimangalisayo" injini umane "yenqaba" ukufeza imisebenzi yayo. Futhi lapha kuphakama umbuzo ngaphambi komnikazi wemoto: thumela injini ukuze ilungiswe, ishintshe ngokuphelele noma ishintshe yonke imoto.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho nemithethonqubo yokusebenza nokunakekelwa, injini yemoto yesimanje ingakwazi ukwelula amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-200-300 ukuya ekugqokeni okubalulekile kwezingxenye ezibalulekile. Le parameter ihluka kakhulu kuye ngekhwalithi, uhlobo lokwakhiwa kanye nemibandela yokusetshenziswa kwayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukugxila kuphela ku-mileage akufanelekile. Phakathi kobufakazi obungaqondile bezinkinga ezizayo, ngenxa yokuthi injini ingase ihambe ngokushesha eholidini, yilezi ezilandelayo:

• ukusheshisa okubuthakathaka nokulahlekelwa amandla - ukugqokwa kweqembu le-cylinder-piston, ukupheka kwepheshana lokukhipha, ukuchithwa, njll;
• umfutho ophansi kawoyela - ukuvala iziteshi zikawoyela, ukungasebenzi kahle kweshubhu lokungenisa uwoyela, ukuwohloka kwe-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi, iphampu kawoyela enephutha, ukwandiswa kwezikhala phakathi kwezingxenye zenjini;
• ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwamafutha - ikakhulukazi ukugqoka kweqembu le-piston, kodwa kungase kube nezinye izizathu;
• ukuqala okungaqinisekile kwenjini - ukuvala okungaphelele kwama-valve, ukuphuka kweziphethu ze-valve, ukuqhekeka kwekhanda le-injini ye-injini, ukugqoka okukhulu noma ukuvela kwamasongo e-piston;
• ukucindezela okuphansi - izinkinga nge-cylinders eyodwa noma wonke;
• intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iphuma epayipini lokukhipha - uwoyela ungena egumbini elivuthayo, okukhombisa ukugqokwa kweqembu le-cylinder-piston, ama-caps scraper kawoyela, ukuthuthukiswa kweziqu ze-valve kanye nezihlahla zokuqondisa;
• idling ragged - umehluko omkhulu ngezinga lokucindezelwa kumasilinda, ukuguga kwama-bearings enjini;
• ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli - ukuthuthukiswa kweqembu le-cylinder-piston, i-crank mechanism, ukungasebenzi kahle kwama-valve, umbuso wokushisa ongewona olungile wenjini;
• i-soot kuma-spark plugs - ukungena kwamafutha ekamelweni, i-soot eyengeziwe, "ukufa" kwe-motor kuseduze;
• ukuqhunyiswa okuqinile - ukusebenza kwenjini okungalungile ngenxa yezinkinga ezihlukahlukene zemishini;
• injini ingqongqoza - izinkinga nge-crankshaft, izintambo zokuxhuma, ama-piston, izikhonkwane ze-piston;
• i-motor overheats - ukuvuza emakamelweni omlilo, ama-valve alengayo, ukungena kwezinto ezivuthayo emgqeni wokugeleza kwamafutha noma ohlelweni lokupholisa, ama-microcracks ekhanda lesilinda;
• ukungena kwama-gaskets - kusongela ngamafutha angena endaweni epholile noma ngokuphambene nayo yonke imiphumela elandelayo kuze kufike ekuhlulekeni kwenjini;
• ama-pulsations ku-hose yokukhipha igesi ye-crankcase - ukuqhuma kwamagesi asuka ekamelweni elivuthayo aye ku-crankcase ngenxa yokuguga kweqembu le-piston.

Inkinga eyodwa noma ngaphezulu okuxoxwe ngayo ngenhla yisizathu sokubiza isevisi yemoto ukuze kulungiswe kabusha. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukushintshwa kwezingxenye eziningi, izakhi kanye nemihlangano kungabiza inani elinjalo ukuthi kungaba lula futhi kube ngcono ukuthenga imoto entsha.

Umonakalo omkhulu wokugqwala

Isilinganiso sempilo yesevisi yomshini yiminyaka eyi-10 - 20 (nakuba lokhu kuncike ezintweni eziningi). Yehlisa ngokuphawulekayo impilo yesevisi yokuchayeka kwehhashi lensimbi ezindaweni ezinolaka nezimo ezinokugqwala okubalulekile kwezingxenye zemoto. Imvamisa, izingxenye ezinjengomzimba, amapayipi, izakhi zesistimu yamabhuleki, nohlaka zingaphansi kokugqwala. Ezinye izakhi zingashintshwa noma zilungiswe, amanye ama-node angabe esakwazi ukusetshenziswa.

Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zemoto, abakhiqizi babo bavame ukusebenzisa ishidi elincane kakhulu lensimbi emzimbeni. Izimpawu zokuqala zokugqwala ezimotweni ezinjalo zibonakala ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-1,5 - 2 yokusetshenziswa. Okubi kunakho konke, izingxenye zangaphakathi (ezifihliwe) zomzimba zingenwa kalula ukugqwala. Ingozi imelelwa yizo zonke izinhlobo zokuqhekeka, izikhala, ama-chips, ama-welds, lapho umswakama unqwabelana futhi uphazamiseke kakhulu.

Imiphumela yokuchayeka kokugqwala ingaba yimbi kakhulu futhi ibulale. Ngakho-ke, lapho kukhona ukugqwala okukhulu, kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi kufanelekile ukulungisa imoto enjalo.

Izinkinga zikagesi ngemuva kokugcwala kwemoto

Izimoto zesimanje, ezigcwele izinto zikagesi, ngemuva kwezikhukhula, cishe akunakwenzeka ukubuyela empilweni egcwele. Leli iqiniso elibuhlungu. Kungenzeka ukuthi amanye ama-workshops azokwenza ukuvuselelwa kwemoto, kodwa kuzoba nzima ukukhanda imoto enjalo. Ukushintsha izintambo noma ukulungisa enye yamayunithi alimele ngeke kuqinisekise ukuthi izimpawu ezifanayo ngeke zivele nezinye izingxenye zikagesi emasontweni ambalwa noma amathathu.

Kunoma yikuphi, ngaphambi kokuba uthathe umngane wakho onamasondo amane ukuyolungisa, kufanelekile ukubala inzuzo yokululama okungenzeka kwemoto. Uma ngenxa yezikhukhula osebenza ngogesi (kanye nenjini) "emboziwe", kungcono ukuthumela imoto endaweni yokulahla. Akufanele uzame ukufihla iminonjana yezikhukhula futhi udayise imoto, ufihle isikhathi sayo esingesihle. Ngokombono, lokhu kungenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba okungenani kunxeshezelwe ukulahlekelwa ngandlela-thile, kodwa empeleni, akukude nenkantolo eqinisweni lokukhwabanisa ngesinxephezelo somonakalo.