Ukuphila ngokujula nokujula ku-cyberspace

Umehluko phakathi kwe-cyberspace njengoba sesikwazi iminyaka eminingi kanye nentsha esanda kuvela, okuhlanganisa nokubonga ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bezinto ezingokoqobo, mkhulu kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, ukuze sisebenzise i-digital continuum, sivele siyivakashele kaningi noma kancane. Maduze sizocwiliswa ngokuphelele kukho, futhi mhlawumbe ngisho noguquko lwezikhathi ezithile ukusuka emhlabeni we-cyber kuya "emhlabeni wangempela" ...

Ngokusho kwe-futurist uRay Kurzweil, ngokuvamile sihlala engxenyeni yokuqala ye-20s. sebenza futhi udlale endaweni ebonakalayo, uhlobo olubonakalayo "ukucwiliswa okuphelele". Ngama-30s, izophenduka ibe ukucwiliswa okubandakanya zonke izinzwa, okuhlanganisa ukuthinta nokunambitha.

Thumela ikhofi lakho ku-Facebook

I-Facebook yakha ingqalasizinda enhle ngenhloso yokumunca impilo yethu yonke emhlabeni wedijithali. Inkundla ye-Parse ikhonjwe njengesibonelo salo mzamo. Ngo-March 2015, ingqungquthela ye-F8 yenzeka, lapho i-Facebook ikhuluma ngezinhlelo zayo zenkampani eyayithola eminyakeni emibili edlule (1). Kuqukethe ukuhlinzeka ngesethi yamathuluzi okuthuthukisa amadivayisi asuka kumkhakha we-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT), okungukuthi, amagajethi axhunywe kunethiwekhi futhi axhumana namanye.

Inkundla iklanyelwe ukuxhuma amadivayisi ahlakaniphile asekhaya kumadivayisi agqokekayo nakho konke okuzungezile.

Ngenxa yaleli thuluzi, kuzokwenzeka, isibonelo, ukuklama uhlelo lokunisela lwezitshalo oluhlakaniphile olulawulwa uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula, noma i-thermostat noma ikhamera yokuphepha erekhoda izithombe njalo ngomzuzu, futhi konke lokhu kuzolawulwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu. I-Facebook isizokhipha i-Parse SDK ye-IoT kumapulatifomu amathathu: i-Arduino Yun, i-Linux (ku-Raspberry Pi), kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesikhathi sangempela (RTOS).

Kusho ukuthini lokhu ngokwenza? Iqiniso liwukuthi ngendlela elula - ngokufaka imigqa embalwa yekhodi - amadivaysi alula avela endaweni yethu angaba izakhi iqiniso ledijithali futhi uxhume ku-inthanethi Yezinto. Futhi kuyindlela yokudala (i-VR), ngoba i-Parse ingasetshenziswa futhi ukulawula amathuluzi ahlukahlukene abonakalayo, amakhamera, ama-radar, esingahlola ngawo izindawo ezikude noma okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo.

2. Isithombe sidalwe ku-Magic Leap

Ngokusho kochwepheshe abaningi, amanye amapulatifomu, okubandakanya i-Oculus Rift, nawo azothuthuka ngendlela efanayo. Esikhundleni sokukhawulelwa emhlabeni wegeyimu noma imuvi, izibuko ezixhunyiwe zingaletha umhlaba osizungezile ekubeni ngokoqobo okubonakalayo. Lokhu ngeke kube umdlalo nje ovela kubadali bomdlalo. Kuzoba umdlalo ongadlalwa endaweni ekhethwe ngumsebenzisi. Lokhu akukona okungokoqobo okungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona (AR), ngisho nokuyinkimbinkimbi njenge-HoloLens ye-Microsoft noma i-Magic Leap (2) ye-Google. Ngeke kube ngokoqobo ukungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona njengokungokoqobo okunongwe ngokoqobo. Izwe lapho ungathatha khona inkomishi yangempela yekhofi ye-Facebook futhi uyiphuze lapho.

I-Facebook ivumile ukuthi isebenza kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa i-virtual reality, futhi ukuthengwa kwe-Oculus kuyingxenye yohlelo olukhulu. UChris Cox, oyiPlatform Product Manager, ukhulume ngezinhlelo zenkampani ngesikhathi kunengqungquthela yeKhodi/Media. Iqiniso elingokoqobo lizoba esinye isengezo ekunikezelweni kwenkundla yezokuxhumana edumile, lapho izinsiza zemultimedia ezifana nezithombe namavidiyo manje zingabiwa, esho. U-Cox wachaza ukuthi i-VR izoba isandiso esinengqondo sokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi wesevisi, okunganikeza "imicabango, izithombe namavidiyo, futhi nge-VR ingathumela isithombe esiphelele."

Okubonakalayo okwaziwayo nokungaziwa

Ekuqaleni kwawo-80, uWilliam Gibson (3) waba ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa leli gama encwadini yakhe ethi Neuromancer. i-cyberspace. Ukuchaze njengokuhlangana kwemibono kanye nokuhlangana kohlobo oluthile. Umsebenzisi wekhompyutha uxhunywe kuyo ngesixhumanisi se-neural. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingadluliselwa endaweni yokwenziwa eyenziwe yikhompyutha, lapho idatha equkethwe kukhompyutha yethulwa ngendlela ebonakalayo.

Ake sithathe isikhashana sibheke ukuthi abaphuphayo babecabanga kanjani iqiniso elibonakalayo. Ingancishiswa ibe yizindlela ezintathu zokufaka iqiniso elidalwe ngokwenziwa. Eyokuqala yazo, etholakala kuze kube manje kuphela ezincwadini eziqanjiwe (isibonelo, ku-Neuromancer okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla), isho ukucwiliswa ngokuphelele i-cyberspace. Lokhu kuvame ukufezwa ngokushukumisa ubuchopho obuqondile. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho umuntu engakwazi ukuhlinzekwa ngesethi yezinto ezishukumisayo, kuyilapho emncisha izisusa ezivela endaweni yakhe yangempela.

Yilokhu kuphela okuzokuvumela ukuthi uzicwilise ngokugcwele eqinisweni elibonakalayo. Azikho izixazululo ezinjalo okwamanje, kodwa ukusebenza kuzo kuyaqhubeka. Izixhumanisi zobuchopho okwamanje zingenye yezindawo ezishukumisa kakhulu zocwaningo.

Indlela yesibili yokushintshela ku-VR, ngendlela engaphelele kodwa ethuthukayo ngokushesha, iyatholakala namuhla. Sinikeza izisusa ezifanele ngomzimba wangempela. Isithombe sithunyelwa emehlweni ngezikrini ezimbili ezifihlwe kusigqoko noma izibuko.

Ukuphikiswa kwezinto kungenziwa kusetshenziswa amadivaysi afanelekile afihlwe kuglavu noma kulo lonke isudi. Ngalesi sixazululo, izisusa ezidalwe ngokuzenzisa ngandlela thize zisibekela lezo ezihlinzekwa umhlaba wangempela. Kodwa-ke, sihlala siqaphela ukuthi esikubonayo, esikuthintayo, ukuhogela ngisho nokunambitha kuyinkohliso yekhompyutha. Ngakho-ke, kufaka phakathi, ngokwesibonelo, emidlalweni asiyifuni kakhulu ingozi kunokuba bekuyiqiniso.

Indlela yokugcina nekha phezulu kakhulu yokungena i-cyberspace empeleni ukuphila kwansuku zonke namuhla.

I-Google, i-Facebook, i-Instagram, i-Twitter, kanye nawo wonke amagumbi omhlaba we-inthanethi. Kungaba futhi zonke izinhlobo zemidlalo esiyidlala kukhompuyutha nekhonsoli. Ngokuvamile lokhu kusibamba kakhulu, kodwa noma kunjalo, ukukhuthazwa kuvame ukuphela ngesithombe nomsindo. "Asizungezwe" yizwe lomdlalo futhi asenzi ukunyakaza okulingisa iqiniso. Ukuthinta, ukunambitha kanye nephunga akukhuthazwa.

Nokho, inethiwekhi iyindawo entsha, yemvelo yabantu. Indawo angathanda ukujoyina kuyo, abe yingxenye yayo. Amaphupho ama-transhumanists afana noKurzweil awasabonakali njengefantasy ephelele ababeyiyo, isibonelo, emashumini amabili eminyaka edlule. Umuntu uphila futhi ugxile kwezobuchwepheshe cishe kuzo zonke izici zokuphila, futhi uxhumano lwenethiwekhi ngezinye izikhathi luhamba nathi amahora angu-24 ngosuku. Umbono womcabango waseBelgium uHenri Van Lier, umqu. umhlaba wemishini ye-dialecticalokuyinethiwekhi yokuxhumana eqinile futhi eminyene, ibonakala phambi kwamehlo ethu. Esinye sezinyathelo kule ndlela yinethiwekhi yekhompiyutha yomhlaba wonke ekhona - i-Intanethi.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi yonke ingxenye engeyona engokoqobo yesiko lomuntu iya ngokuya iba ngokoqobo, ihlukaniswa neqiniso elingokoqobo. Isibonelo yimithombo yezindaba, imiyalezo yayo ehlukanisiwe nesisekelo sayo somzimba. Okuqukethwe kubalulekile futhi imidiya efana nephepha, umsakazo noma ithelevishini kungenzeka kuphela kodwa hhayi iziteshi ezidingekayo ngokomzimba.

Yamukela yonke imizwa yakho

Imidlalo yevidiyo ingaba umlutha ngisho nangaphandle kwemishini ye-VR ethuthuke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, maduze abadlali bazokwazi ukucwila bajule kakhulu emhlabeni wegeyimu ebonakalayo. Konke sibonga kumadivayisi afana ne-Oculus Rift. Isinyathelo esilandelayo amadivayisi aletha ukunyakaza kwethu kwemvelo ezweni elibonakalayo. Kuvele ukuthi isisombululo esinjalo sesiseduze. Konke sibonga i-WizDish, isilawuli esidlulisela ukunyakaza kwezinyawo zethu emhlabeni obonakalayo. Umlingisi uhamba kuyo kuphela uma - ngezicathulo ezikhethekile - sihamba nge-WizDish (4).

Akubonakali kwaqondana ukuthi iMicrosoft iqale yathenga iMinecraft ngamabhiliyoni angama-2,5, yabe isinikela ngezibuko ze-HoloLens. Labo abajwayelene nomdlalo futhi abazi ukuthi i-AR Goggles evela eRedmond isebenza kanjani bazoqonda ngokushesha amandla amangalisayo enhlanganisela enjalo (5). Lokhu kuyiqiniso kanye nomhlaba weMinecraft. Igeyimu ye-Minecraft enezici zeqiniso. "Minecraft" kanye neminye imidlalo, kanye nabangane bangempela. Amathuba cishe awapheli.

Kulokhu sengeza izikhuthazo ezengeziwe kukho umhlaba virtual ngisho nakakhulu njengeqiniso. Ososayensi abavela eNyuvesi yaseBrithani yaseBristol bathuthukise ubuchwepheshe "bokuthinta emoyeni" obenza kube lula ukuzwa ngaphansi kweminwe izimo zezinto eziyi-three-dimensional projection.

ukweleta izinto ezibonakalayo kufanele banikeze umbono wokuthi zikhona futhi zingaphansi kweminwe, konke ngenxa yokugxila kwe-ultrasounds (6). Incazelo yobuchwepheshe yashicilelwa kujenali ekhethekile ethi "ACM Transactions on Graphics". Kubonisa ukuthi imizwa ethintekayo ezungeze into eboniswa ku-3D idalwe izinkulungwane zezipikha ezincane ezifakwe isistimu yokuqagela. Isistimu ithola indawo yesandla bese iphendula nge-pulse ye-ultrasonic efanele, ezwakala njengomuzwa wobuso bento. Ubuchwepheshe buqeda ngokuphelele isidingo sokuthintana ngokomzimba nedivayisi. Abadali bayo futhi basebenzela ukwethula ikhono lokuzwa izinguquko ekubunjweni nasekumeni kwento ebonakalayo.

Ubuchwepheshe obaziwayo kanye nama-prototypes "we-virtual touch" kuvame ukuncishiselwa ekukhiqizeni ukudlidliza noma ezinye izimpawu ezilula ezizwakala ngaphansi kweminwe. Isethi ye-Dexmo (7), nokho, ichazwa njengenikeza okwengeziwe - umbono wokumelana nokuthinta indawo engaphezulu. Ngakho, umsebenzisi kufanele "ngempela" ezwe ukuthintwa kwento yangempela. Ukumelana neminwe kuyiqiniso, njengoba i-exoskeleton inesistimu yokubhuleka eyinkimbinkimbi eyakhelwe kuyo ewamisa ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngenxa yalokho, ngenxa yesofthiwe namabhuleki, umunwe ngamunye uyama endaweni ethe ukuhluka kancane entweni ebonakalayo, njengokungathi umile phezu kwento yangempela, njengebhola.

5. I-HoloLens kanye nomhlaba obonakalayo

7. Izinketho ezihlukahlukene ze-Dexmo Glove

Ngokulandelayo, iqembu labafundi abavela e-Rice University muva nje lenze igilavu ​​elikuvumela ukuthi "uthinte" futhi "ubambe" izinto ngokoqobo, okungukuthi, emoyeni. Igilavu ​​ye-Hands Omni (8) izokuvumela ukuthi uzwe ukwakheka nosayizi, "uthintana" nomhlaba obonakalayo wezinto.

Siyabonga ngempendulo umhlaba wamakhompyuthaokubonakala ngumuntu emishinini efanele kanye nemizwa edalwe kumagilavu, ukuthinta okulingana ngokoqobo kufanele kudalwe. Ngomqondo ongokwenyama, le mizwa kufanele ihlangatshezwe yiminwe egcwele umoya yegilavu ​​ye-Hands Omni. Izinga lokugcwalisa linesibopho sokuzwa ubulukhuni bezinto ezikhiqiziwe. Ithimba elincane labaklami lisebenzisana nabadali be-treadmill ye-Virtuix Omni, esetshenziselwa "ukuzulazula" eqinisweni elibonakalayo. Indlela yedivayisi isebenza endaweni yesikhulumi se-Arduino.

umthamo wemvula isipiliyoni sezinzwa ezibonakalayo Uyaqhubeka: “Nali ithimba eliholwa nguHaruki Matsukura ovela eTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology lenze ubuchwepheshe bokwenza iphunga elimnandi. Amakha akhishwa izimbali noma inkomishi yekhofi ebonwa esikrinini avela kumaphilisi agcwele ijeli elinephunga elimnandi, ahwamukayo futhi afuthelwe kusibonisi abalandeli abancane.

Ukugeleza komoya onephunga elimnandi kulungiswa ngendlela yokuthi iphunga "livele" kulezo zingxenye zesikrini lapho into enuka kamnandi ibonakala khona. Okwamanje, umkhawulo wesixazululo yikhono lokukhipha iphunga elilodwa kuphela ngesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwabaklami baseJapane, maduze nje kuzokwazi ukushintsha ama-capsules wephunga kudivayisi.

Ukuphula imigoqo

Abaklami baya phambili. Umbono wesithombe uzokwenza kube lula kakhulu futhi uthuthukise ukudlula isidingo se-optics ebizayo futhi engahlali iphelele ngisho nokungapheleli kweso lomuntu. Ngakho, kwazalwa iphrojekthi evumela ukuqonda umehluko we-semantic phakathi kwamagama athi “bona” nelithi “bona”. Izingilazi ze-Virtual reality, eziya ngokuduma kakhulu namuhla, zikuvumela ukuthi ubuke izithombe. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, okusunguliwe okubizwa ngokuthi i-Glyph, engazange ifake ugesi kuphela i-platform ye-crowdfunding ye-Kickstarter, izokuvumela ukuthi ubone kalula, ngoba isithombe esivela kuso kufanele siboniswe ngokushesha ku-retina - okungukuthi, njengoba sikuqonda, ngokushintsha ingxenye yeso. Ngokungenakugwenywa, izinhlangano zivela ne-Neuromancer eshiwo ngenhla, okungukuthi, umbono wesithombe ngokuqondile ngesistimu yezinzwa.

9. I-Glyph - isebenza kanjani

I-Glyph yakhelwe okungaphezu nje kwemishini yokudlala. Kulindeleke ukuthi kusebenze nama-smartphones kanye nezinto zikagesi ezithengwayo njengezidlali zevidiyo. Kubadlali bamageyimu, inomshini wokulandelela ikhanda, i-gyroscope eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye ne-accelerometer, okungukuthi, isethi "ye-bionic" yeqiniso elibonakalayo. Inkampani engemuva kwe-Glypha, i-Avegant, ithi isithombe esivezwa ngqo engxenyeni engezansi yeso sizoba bukhali futhi sibe bukhali. Noma kunjalo, kufanelekile ukulinda imibono yodokotela, ophthalmologists kanye ne-neurologists - ukuthi bacabangani ngale nqubo.

Ngaphambili, kwakubizwa, ikakhulukazi, mayelana nokucwiliswa hhayi emhlabeni obonakalayo, kodwa, isibonelo, ezincwadini. Kuvele ukuthi umsebenzi uyaqhubeka kubuchwepheshe umsebenzi wabo okuzoba wukuguqula imibhalo ibe yizithombe ze-3D.

Yilokhu iphrojekthi ye-MUSE (Ukuqonda Komshini Ye-Interactive StorytElling) ezama ukuyenza, echazwa njengomhumushi wombhalo ube ngokoqobo okubonakalayo. Njengoprofesa. UDkt. Marie-Francine Moens wase-Leuven, umxhumanisi wephrojekthi, uthi umqondo uwukuhumusha izenzo, izinhlangano nezinto ezisembhalweni zibe izinto ezibonakalayo. Izingxenye ezithuthukisiwe zokucubungula ulimi lwesemantiki lwemibhalo sezenziwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuqashelwa kwendima ye-semantic emishweni (okungukuthi "ubani", "wenzani", "kuphi", "nini", kanye "kanjani"), ubudlelwano bendawo phakathi kwezinto noma abantu (lapho bekhona), kanye nokulandelana kwezenzakalo zezenzakalo. . .

Isixazululo sibhekiswe ezinganeni. I-MUSE iklanyelwe ukwenza kube lula kubo ukufunda ukufunda, ukubasiza bathuthukise ukucabangela, futhi ekugcineni baqonde kangcono umbhalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele isekele ukukhumbula kanye nokusungulwa kokuxhumana phakathi kwemibhalo (isibonelo, lapho ufunda umbhalo onikezwe isayensi noma ibhayoloji ngqo).