Ukukhanya okuluhlaza kwe-F-110
Umbono we-F-110 frigate. Akukona okwakamuva, kodwa umehluko wemikhumbi yangempela uzoba yizimonyo.
Izithembiso ezenziwa osopolitiki kumatilosi asePoland azivamile ukugcinwa ngesikhathi futhi ngokugcwele, uma kunjalo. Khonamanjalo, lapho uNdunankulu waseSpain uPedro Sanchez esho phakathi nonyaka odlule ukuthi inkontileka ebiza izigidigidi zama-euro ukuze kuthengwe uchungechunge lwama-frigates izophothulwa ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka odlule, waligcina izwi lakhe. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lokwakha isizukulwane esisha semikhumbi ephelezelwa i-Armada Española selungene esigabeni esiwujuqu ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa kwayo.
Inkontileka eshiwo ngenhla phakathi koMnyango Wezokuvikela waseMadrid kanye nenkampani yokwakha umkhumbi kahulumeni i-Navantia SA yaphothulwa ngoDisemba 12, 2018. Izindleko zayo bezingama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4,326 futhi iphathelene nokuqaliswa komklamo wobuchwepheshe kanye nokwakhiwa kochungechunge lwezindiza ezinhlanu zemishini eminingi ye-F-110 ukuze zithathe indawo yemikhumbi eyisithupha yekilasi i-F-80 Santa María. Ezokugcina, eziwuhlobo olunelayisensi yohlobo lwe-American OH Perry, zakhiwa endaweni yendawo yemikhumbi i-Bazán (Empresa Nacional Bazán de Construcciones Navales Militares SA) eFerrol futhi zaqala ukusebenza ngo-1986-1994. Ngo-2000, lesi sitshalo sahlanganiswa ne-Astilleros Españoles SA, sakha i-IZAR, kodwa eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva umnikazi wamasheya oyinhloko, i-Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales (State Industrial Union), wahlubuka kuyo umkhakha wezempi, obizwa nge-Navantia, yingakho - naphezu kwegama. ushintsho - ukukhiqizwa kwemikhumbi eFerrol kwagcinwa. I-Santa María frigates ihambisana ngokwesakhiwo nemikhumbi yakamuva yase-US Navy OH Perry enomzimba omude futhi inomugqa okhuphukile ongaphansi kwemitha. Izinhlelo zokuqala zasekhaya zikagesi kanye nezikhali nazo zasetshenziswa lapho, okuhlanganisa nesistimu yokuzivikela esondelene kakhulu eyi-12-barrel 20-mm i-Fábrica de Artillería Bazán MeRoKa. Imikhumbi eyisithupha yaba isithelo sesibili sokubambisana nemboni yezokwakha imikhumbi yase-US, njengoba ama-frigate amahlanu e-Baleares akhiwe ngaphambilini eSpain, okwakungamakhophi amayunithi e-Knox-class (inkonzweni ye-1973-2006). Naye ubengowokugcina.
Iminyaka engamashumi amabili yokwakhiwa kabusha kanye nokuxhashazwa okwalandela komcabango wobuchwepheshe baseMelika kwabeka izisekelo zomklamo ozimele wemikhumbi yempi emikhulu. Ngokushesha kwacaca ukuthi abaseSpain benza okungaphezu kokuhle. Iphrojekthi yamafrigate amane e-F-100 (i-Alvaro de Bazan, esenkonzweni kusukela ngo-2002 kuya ku-2006), yajoyina iminyaka eyisithupha kamuva ngeyesihlanu, yawina umncintiswano waseMelika nowaseYurophu, yaba yisisekelo se-AWD (Air Warfare Destroyer), lapho I-Royal Australian Navy yathola ababhubhisi abathathu bezindiza. Ngaphambilini, i-Navantia yawina umncintiswano we-frigate ye-Norwegian Sjøforsvaret, kwathi ngo-2006-2011 yaqiniswa amayunithi amahlanu kaFridtjof Nansen. Indawo yemikhumbi iphinde yakha imikhumbi yokugada olwandle yaseVenezuela (i-Avante 1400 emine kanye namasosha amane angu-2200), futhi muva nje iqale ukukhiqizwa kwama-corvettes amahlanu e-Saudi Arabia, ngokwesakhiwo esisekelwe kumklamo we-Avante 2200. Ngalokhu, inkampani ikwazile ukuqala umsebenzi. esizukulwaneni esisha semikhumbi.
Ukulungiselela
Imizamo yokwethula uhlelo lwe-F-110 yenziwe kusukela ekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi edlule. I-Navy Navy yaseSpain, ibona ukuthi umjikelezo wokwakha ama-frigate esizukulwane esisha udinga ubuncane beminyaka eyi-10 kusukela ekuthunyelweni kuze kube sekuqedweni, waqala imizamo yokuhlinzeka ngezinsiza zezimali ngale njongo ngo-2009. Zaqalwa ngu-AJEMA (Almirante General Jefe de Estado Mayor de la Armada, General Directorate of the General Staff of the Navy). Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, kwahlelwa ingqungquthela yokuqala yobuchwepheshe, lapho okwakulindelwe yimikhumbi kuqala mayelana nabaphelezeli abasha kwamenyezelwa khona. Ngemva konyaka, i-AJEMA yakhipha incwadi eyayithethelela isidingo sokusebenza esidingekayo ukuze kuqalwe inqubo yokuthola imishini yezempi. Ithe amafrigates okuqala akwaSanta Maria azobe eseneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-2020 ngonyaka ka-30, okukhombisa isidingo sokuqala uhlelo olusha ngo-2012 futhi aguqule abe yinsimbi kusukela ngo-2018. Ukuqinisekisa abenzi benqubomgomo, i-F-110 yaqokwa kudokhumenti njengeyunithi ebekwe phakathi kwezikhulu ze-F-100, eziklanyelwe ukubamba iqhaza ezingxabanweni ezihlomile ezigcwele, kanye ne-BAM engamamitha angu-94 (Buque de Acción Marítima, uhlobo lwe-Meteoro) ama-patrol asetshenziswa emisebenzini yokuqapha ezokuphepha zasolwandle.
Ngeshwa i-F-110 ngo-2008, inkinga yezomnotho yabambezela ukuqala kwalolu hlelo kuze kube ngu-2013. Kodwa-ke, ngoDisemba 2011, uMnyango Wezokuvikela wakwazi ukuqeda inkontileka ne-Indra ne-Navantia ngenani elingokomfanekiso lama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-2. enze ukuhlaziya kokuqala kokuthi kungenzeka yini ukukhiqiza insika ye-MASTIN edidiyelwe (kusuka ku-Mástil Integrado) yamafrigate amasha. Naphezu kobunzima bezomnotho, ngoJanuwari 2013 i-AJEMA yethula imisebenzi yobuchwepheshe yokuqala (Objetivo de Estado Mayor), futhi ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyeni kwayo ngoJulayi.
Ngo-2014, izidingo zobuchwepheshe (Requisitos de Estado Mayor) zakhiwe. Lawa kwakuyimibhalo yokugcina edingekayo ukuze kulungiselelwe ucwaningo olunokwenzeka olwenziwa yi-General Directorate of Armaments and Military Equipment (Dirección general de Armamento y Material). Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umkhumbi "wakhukhumala" kusukela kumathani angu-4500 kuya ku-5500. iziphakamiso zokuqala zomklamo wensika kanye nokulungiswa kwamasu nobuchwepheshe, okuhlanganisa indawo yokuphehla amandla. Ngawo lowo nyaka, i-F-110 design Bureau yasungulwa.
Izimali zangempela zafika ngo-August 2015. Khona-ke uMnyango Wezokuvikela waseMadrid wasayina inkontileka ebiza ama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-135,314 nezinkampani ezibalwe ngenhla ukwenza imisebenzi eyishumi nanye yocwaningo nentuthuko, ehlobene ikakhulukazi nokwakhiwa nokukhiqizwa kwama-prototypes kanye nababonisi bezinzwa, okuhlanganisa: iphaneli ye-antenna. ngokudlulisa nokwamukela amamojula esistimu yokubhekwa kwendawo ye-X-band ekilasi le-AFAR; I-radar ye-AESA S-band air surveillance radar; izinhlelo zempi ye-electronic RESM kanye ne-CESM; isistimu yokuhlola i-TsIT-26, esebenza kumodi ye-5 ne-S, ene-antenna yendandatho; izikhulisamandla eziphezulu zohlelo lokudlulisa idatha lwe-Link 16; kanye nesigaba sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokulwa lwe-SCOMBA (Sistema de COMbate de los Buques de la Armada) olunamakhompiyutha, ama-consoles kanye nezingxenye zalo zokufakwa endaweni yokuhlanganisa ugu CIST (Centro de Integración de Sensores en Tierra). Kuze kube manje, i-Navantia Sistemas kanye ne-Indra badale ibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe i-PROTEC F-110 (Programas Tecnológicos F-110). Ngokushesha i-Madrid Technological University (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid) yamenywa ukuba ibambisane. Ngaphezu koMnyango Wezokuvikela, uMnyango Wezimboni, Amandla Nezokuvakasha uhlanganyele ekuxhaseni umsebenzi ngezimali. I-PROTEC yethule ukulungiselelwa kwezinzwa ezimbalwa ezifakwe ku-mast ekomkhulu lasolwandle. Ukuze uthole enye idizayini, kukhethwe umumo onesisekelo se-octagonal.
Umsebenzi wenziwa futhi endaweni yesikhulumi se-frigate. Omunye wemibono yokuqala kwakuwukusebenzisa umklamo olungiswe ngokufanelekile we-F-100, kodwa awuzange wamukelwe amasosha. Ngo-2010, embukisweni we-Euronaval eParis, i-Navantia yethula "i-frigate yekusasa" i-F2M2 Steel Pike. Umqondo ube nokushayisana okuthile nephrojekthi ye-Austal yokufakwa kwezigaba ezintathu ze-Independence, ekhiqizwe ngobuningi be-US Navy ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-LCS. Kodwa-ke, kutholwe ukuthi isistimu ye-trimaran ayilungile ekusebenzeni kwe-PDO, isistimu ye-propulsion inomsindo kakhulu, futhi isici somklamo we-trimaran siyathandeka kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, i.e. ububanzi bubonke obukhulu (amamitha angu-30 uma kuqhathaniswa no-18,6 we-F-100) kanye nendawo yedeski ewumphumela - kulokhu akwanele izidingo. Kuphinde kwavela ukuthi kuyi-avant-garde kakhulu futhi mhlawumbe kubiza kakhulu ukukusebenzisa nokusebenza. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lokhu kwakuyisinyathelo sendawo yemikhumbi, ngakho-ke ecabange ikhono lalolu hlobo lomklamo ukuze lihlangabezane nezidingo ezilindelekile ze-F-110 (eyachazwa kabanzi ngaleso sikhathi), kanye nentshisekelo yalabo abangase babe abamukeli baphesheya kwezilwandle.
