isiteshi sokushaja
Okuqukethwe
Ukushayela ngogesi kusho ukuthi kufanele unakekele ukushaja imoto. Emgwaqeni, emsebenzini, kodwa, kunjalo, ekhaya. Yini okufanele uyibheke lapho uthenga isiteshi sokushaja?
Lokhu kungase kube isikhathi sakho sokuqala ukushayela imoto kagesi noma imoto ehlanganisiwe eyi-plug-in. Uma kunjalo, cishe awukaze ungene entweni yokushaja. Cishe usuyijwayele imoto esebenzisa uphethiloli, udizili noma igesi. Okubizwa ngokuthi "uphethiloli wezinto ezimbiwa phansi" owushayele uye egalaji likaphethiloli lapho ithangi selizophela. Manje uzoshintsha lesi siteshi sokugcwalisa ufake isiteshi sokushaja. Maduze kuzoba igalaji lakho likaphethiloli ekhaya.
Cabanga ngalokhu: ugcine nini ukuba ne-refueling ejabulisayo? Ngokuvamile lokhu kuwububi obudingekayo. Yima eduze kwemoto imizuzu emihlanu kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu bese ulinda ukuthi ithangi ligcwale. Ngezinye izikhathi kufanele wenze i-tour. Hlala ubonga futhi ekuphumeni kwakho ngokusebenzisa okuhle okunikezwayo kwaleli sonto. Ukufaka uphethiloli akuyona into ejatshulelwa abantu abaningi.
Kodwa manje uzoshayela i-hybrid kagesi noma i-plug-in. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ube nenhlanhla, ngeke uphinde uye egalaji likaphethiloli. Okubuyayo nje wukuthi kumele uvule imoto ngokushesha uma ufika ekhaya. Kufana nokufaka ifoni yakho kushaja kusihlwa: uqala futhi ngakusasa ngebhethri eligcwaliswe ngokuphelele.
Ukushaja imoto yakho kagesi
Into kuphela oyidingayo "ukugcwalisa" imoto kagesi ishaja. Njengomakhalekhukhwini wakho, i-plug-in hybrid yakho noma imoto kagesi ngokuvamile iza neshaja. Ishaja oyithola ngemoto inesigaba esisodwa ezikhathini eziningi. Lawa mashaja afanele ukushaja imoto endaweni evamile.
Kuzwakala kulula, ngoba wonke umuntu unesokhethi ekhaya. Nokho, isivinini sokushaja salawa mashaja silinganiselwe. Ngemoto eyihybrid noma kagesi enebhethri elincane (ngakho-ke ibanga elilinganiselwe), lokhu kungase kwanele. Futhi nabantu abahamba amabanga amafushane bazokwanela ngale shaja ejwayelekile. Phela, uma ushayela amakhilomitha angamashumi amathathu ngosuku (okuyisilinganiso esimaphakathi sase-Dutch), awudingi ukushaja ibhethri lakho lonke ngobusuku obubodwa. Udinga kuphela ukugcwalisa amandla ohamba ngawo lawa makhilomitha angamashumi amathathu.
Sekukonke, noma kunjalo, uzodinga isisombululo esikuvumela ukuthi ulayishe ngokushesha. Yilapho isiteshi sokushaja singena khona. Ezimweni eziningi, ukushaja odongeni akusheshi ngokwanele.
Isixazululo esingcono kakhulu: isiteshi sokushaja
Yebo ungasebenzisa ishaja evamile, kodwa maningi amathuba okuthi lesi yisixazululo esingcolile. Cishe usebenzisa isokhethi endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi eduze nomnyango ongaphambili futhi ulengise intambo ebhokisini lezinhlamvu. Intambo ibe isihamba ngomgwaqo noma umgwaqo oya emotweni. Ngesiteshi sokushaja noma ibhokisi lodonga, udala uxhumano ku-facade yekhaya lakho noma ihhovisi. Noma mhlawumbe ungabeka isiteshi sokushaja esihlukile endleleni yakho yokuhamba. Kunoma ikuphi, ungakwazi ukusebenzisa uxhumano eduze nomshini wakho. Lokhu kuyenza ihlanzeke futhi ibe mancane amathuba okuthi ikhubeke eyakho ikhebuli yokushaja.
Kodwa inzuzo enkulu futhi ebaluleke kakhulu: ukushaja ngesiteshi sokushaja ezimweni eziningi kuyashesha kuneshaja evamile. Ukuze sichaze ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani, kufanele siqale sikutshele mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokunikezwa kwamandla, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamapulaki, nokushajwa kwezigaba eziningi.
OKUSHINTSHANA NJENGAMANJE
Cha, asikhulumi ngenqwaba yama-rocker amadala. I-AC ne-DC yizinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zamanje. Noma ngempela: izindlela ezimbili ezahlukene ugesi usebenza. Kufanele ukuthi uzwile ngoMnu. Edison, umsunguli welambu lokukhanyisa. Futhi u-Nikola Tesla ngeke abonakale engajwayelekile nawe. Uma kuphela ngenxa yokuthi enye yemikhiqizo emikhulu emkhakheni wezimoto zikagesi ibizwa ngokuthi uMnu Tesla. Bobabili laba banumzane babematasa ngogesi, uMnu Edison enamasinga aqondile, kanye noMnu Tesla enama-alternating current.
Ake siqale nge-DC noma i-direct current. Lokhu futhi sikubiza ngesi-Dutch ngokuthi "i-direct current" ngoba ihlala isuka ephuzwini A iye endaweni engu-B. Uyiqagele: isuka kokuphozithivu iye kokubi. I-Direct current iwuhlobo lwamandla olusebenza kahle kakhulu. NgokukaMnu. Edison, lena indlela engcono kakhulu yokusebenzisa isibani sakho. Ngakho, kwaba indinganiso yokusebenza kwemishini kagesi. Ngakho-ke, izinto eziningi zikagesi, njengekhompuyutha ephathekayo nefoni yakho, zisebenzisa i-direct current.
Ukusatshalaliswa esiteshini sokushaja: hhayi i-DC, kodwa i-AC
Kodwa olunye uhlobo lokunikezwa kwamandla lwalufaneleka kangcono ukusatshalaliswa: i-alternating current. Lona wamanje ophuma endaweni yethu. Lokhu kusho "i-alternating current", ebizwa nangokuthi "i-alternating current" ngesi-Dutch. Lolu hlobo lwamandla lwabonwa nguTesla njengendlela engcono kakhulu ngoba kwakulula ukusabalalisa amandla kumabanga amade. Cishe wonke ugesi wabantu ngabanye usuhlinzekwa kusetshenziswa i-alternating current. Isizathu ukuthi kulula ukuthutha amabanga amade. Isigaba salokhu samanje sishintsha ngokuqhubekayo ukusuka kokuhlanganisa kuye kokususa. EYurophu, lokhu kuvama kungu-50 hertz, okungukuthi, izinguquko ezingu-50 ngomzuzwana. Nokho, lokhu kubangela ukulahlekelwa amandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadivaysi amaningi anikwa amandla umthombo wamandla we-DC ngoba usebenza kahle futhi unenani lezinye izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe.
Inverter
I-inverter iyadingeka ukuze uguqule i-AC yamanje isuka kunethiwekhi yokusabalalisa iye ku-DC ukuze isetshenziswe ezimpahleni zakho zasekhaya. Lesi siguquli sibizwa nangokuthi i-adaptha. Ukuze amadivayisi asebenze, isiguquli noma i-adaptha iguqula i-alternating current (AC) ibe yamanje eqondile (DC). Ngale ndlela, usengakwazi ukuxhuma idivayisi yakho enamandla e-DC emandleni e-AC futhi uyivumele isebenze noma ishaje.
Kungokufanayo nangezimoto zikagesi: kuye ngokukhetha komkhiqizi, imoto kagesi igijima ngokuqondile (DC) noma i-alternating (AC) yamanje. Ezimweni eziningi, i-inverter iyadingeka ukuguqula amandla e-AC abe amapayipi amakhulu. Izimoto eziningi zikagesi zesimanje zinama-DC motors. Lezi zimoto zine-inverter eyakhelwe phakathi kwendawo yokushaja (lapho ipulaki ixhumeka khona) nebhethri.
Ngakho-ke, uma ushaja imoto yakho esiteshini sokushaja ekhaya, kodwa naseziteshini eziningi zokushaja zomphakathi, uzobe usebenzisa lesi siguquli. Inzuzo yukuthi le ndlela yokushaja ingenziwa cishe noma kuphi, ukonakala ukuthi ijubane alilungile. I-inverter emotweni inemikhawulo ethile yobuchwepheshe, okusho ukuthi ijubane lokushaja alikwazi ukushesha kakhulu. Nokho, kukhona enye indlela yokushaja imoto.
Isiteshi sokushaja ngokushesha
Ezinye iziteshi zokushaja zine-inverter eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Ivamise ukuba nkulu kakhulu futhi ibe namandla kune-inverter efanele imoto kagesi. Ngokuguqula i-alternating current (AC) iye ku-direct current (DC) ngaphandle kwemoto, ukushaja kungenzeka ngesivinini esikhulu. Yebo, lokhu kusebenza kuphela uma imoto inamandla akhelwe ngaphakathi ukweqa isiguquli semoto ngesikhathi kuqhubeka inqubo.
Ngokuthumela i-direct current (DC) ngqo ebhethrini, ungayishaja ngokushesha kakhulu kune-alternating current (AC), edinga ukuguqulwa ibe yamanje eqondile (DC) emotweni. Nokho, lezi ziteshi zokushaja zinkulu, ziyabiza ngakho-ke azivamile kangako. Isiteshi sokushaja okusheshayo okwamanje asithakaseli kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya. Nokho, lokhu kungase kuhambisane nezicelo zebhizinisi. Kodwa okwamanje, sizogxila enguqulweni evamile kakhulu yeziteshi zokushaja: isiteshi sokushaja sasekhaya.
Isiteshi sokushaja ekhaya: yini okudingeka ngiyazi?
Uma ukhetha isiteshi sokushaja sendlu yakho, kunezinto ezimbalwa okudingeka uzazi mayelana nokusixhuma:
- Isiteshi sami sokushaja singanikeza amandla angakanani?
- Imoto yami kagesi ishaja ngokushesha kangakanani?
- Iluphi uxhumano / ipulaki engiyidingayo?
- Ingabe ngifuna ukulandelela izindleko zami zokushaja? Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma umqashi wakho ekhokhela izindleko zakho zamaholo.
Isiteshi sami sokushaja singanikeza amandla angakanani?
Uma ubheka ikhabethe lakho lamamitha, ngokuvamile uzobona amaqembu amaningana. Iqembu elihlukile ngokuvamile liyengezwa esiteshini sokushaja. Lokhu kuyanconywa noma kunjalo, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa umshini ukwenza ibhizinisi. Kulesi simo, kuyasiza futhi ukufaka imitha ye-kilowatt-hora ehlukile kuleli qembu ukuze ubone ukuthi angakanani amandla asetshenziselwa ukushaja izimoto zikagesi ekhaya lakho. Ngale ndlela, umqashi angakwazi ukwaziswa ngokusetshenziswa okuqondile. Noma hlela ibhizinisi uma wena, njengosomabhizinisi, ukhokhisa imoto yakho ekhaya. Ngokuyisisekelo, iziphathimandla zentela zidinga imitha ehlukile yokushaja imoto kagesi ekhaya. Kukhona neziteshi zokushaja ezihlakaniphile ezilandelela ukusetshenziswa, isibonelo ukusebenzisa ikhadi lokushaja noma uhlelo lokusebenza, kodwa iziphathimandla zentela azikwamukeli ngokusemthethweni lokhu njengethuluzi lokubhalisa.
I-Volt, i-ampere ngama-watts
Amakhaya amaningi anamuhla eNetherlands anebhokisi leqembu elinezigaba ezintathu, noma ibhokisi leqembu lilungiselelwe lokhu noma kunjalo. Ngokujwayelekile iqembu ngalinye lilinganiselwe ama-amps angu-25, okungama-amps angu-16 angasetshenziswa. Amanye amakhaya aze abe nama-amps angama-35 kathathu, okungama-amps angama-25 angasetshenziswa.
E-Netherlands, sinegridi yamandla angu-230 volt. Ukuze ubale amandla aphezulu wesiteshi sokushaja ekhaya, siphindaphinda lawa mavolthi angama-230 ngenani lamaza awusizo kanye nenani lezigaba. E-Netherlands, isigaba esisodwa noma ezintathu ngokuvamile kufanele kubhekwane naso, izigaba ezimbili azivamile. Ngakho, ukubala kubukeka kanjena:
I-Volt x ampere x inombolo yezigaba = amandla
230 x 16 x 1 = 3680 = rounded 3,7 kWh
230 x 16 x 3 = 11040 = rounded 11 kWh
Ngakho ngesigaba esisodwa esihlanganiswe noxhumo lwe-25 amp, izinga lokushaja eliphezulu ngehora ngu-3,7 kW.
Uma izigaba ezintathu zama-amps angu-16 zitholakala (njengasezindlini eziningi zanamuhla e-Netherlands), imithwalo efanayo yabiwa kuwo wonke amashaneli amathathu. Ngalokhu kuxhumana, imoto ingashajwa ngamandla amakhulu angu-11 kW (izigaba ezi-3 ziphindwe ngo-3,7 kW), inqobo nje uma imoto kanye nesiteshi sokushaja nazo zifanelekile kulokhu.
Ibhokisi leqembu lingase lidinge ukwenziwa libe nzima ukuze lithwale isiteshi sokushaja noma ishaja yodonga (ibhokisi lodonga). Kuncike emandleni esiteshi sokushaja.
Imoto yami kagesi ishaja ngokushesha kangakanani?
Lesi yisikhathi lapho kulula khona ukwenza iphutha. Kuyakulinga ukukhetha ukuxhumeka okungcono kakhulu, okunzima kakhulu ngoba kungashaja imoto yakho ngokushesha okukhulu, akunjalo? Hhayi-ke njalo. Izimoto eziningi zikagesi azikwazi ukushaja kusukela ezigabeni eziningi nhlobo.
Izimoto ezikwazi ukwenza lokhu kuvame ukuba yizimoto ezinamabhethri amakhulu. Kodwa nabo abakwazi ukwenza lokho, isibonelo i-Jaguar i-Pace ingashaja kuphela esigabeni esisodwa. Ngakho, isivinini sokulanda sincike ezintweni ezilandelayo:
- isivinini sesiteshi sokushaja
- isivinini imoto engashajwa ngaso
- usayizi webhethri
ukubalwa
Ukuze ubale isikhathi sebhethri egcwele ngokugcwele, ake senze izibalo. Ake sithi sinemoto kagesi enebhethri engu-50 kWh. Le moto kagesi inamandla okushaja izigaba ezintathu, kodwa isiteshi sokushaja siyisigaba esisodwa. Ngakho, ukubala kubukeka kanjena:
50 kWh / 3,7 = amahora angu-13,5 ukushaja ibhethri ngokugcwele.
Isiteshi sokushaja esinezigaba ezintathu sinamandla angu-11 kW. Njengoba imoto futhi isekela lokhu, ukubala imi kanje:
50 kWh / 11 = amahora angu-4,5 ukushaja ibhethri ngokugcwele.
Kodwa manje ake siyiguqule: imoto ingashaja isigaba esisodwa. Isiteshi sokushaja singanikeza izigaba ezintathu, kodwa njengoba imoto ingakwazi ukusingatha lokhu, ukubala kokuqala kuyasebenza futhi:
50 kWh / 3,7 = amahora angu-13,5 ukushaja ibhethri ngokugcwele.
Ukushaja kwezigaba ezintathu kuya kuvame kakhulu
Ziyanda izimoto zikagesi ezingena emakethe (bona Uhlolojikelele Lwezimoto zikagesi Ezizayo ngo-2020). Njengoba amabhethri eba mkhulu, ukushajwa kwezigaba ezintathu nakho kuzovame kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ukwazi ukushaja ngezigaba ezintathu, udinga izigaba ezintathu nhlangothi zombili: imoto kufanele isekele lokhu, kodwa nesiteshi sokushaja!
Uma imoto kagesi ingashajwa kusukela okungenani esigabeni esisodwa, kungase kuthakazelise ukuba nesigaba esixhunyiwe esingu-35 amp endlini. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izindleko ezengeziwe, kodwa ziyakwazi ukulawuleka. Ngoxhumano lwesigaba esisodwa esingu-35 amp, ungashaja ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, lesi akusona isimo esivame kakhulu, izinga eNetherlands liyizigaba ezintathu zama-amps angu-25. Inkinga ngokuxhumeka kwesigaba esisodwa ukuthi kulula ukukulayisha kakhulu. Isibonelo, uma uvula iwasha yakho, umshini wokomisa, nomshini wokuwasha izitsha ngenkathi imoto yakho ilayisha, ingalayisha kakhulu futhi kubangele ukuphela kwamandla.
Ngokuyisisekelo, imoto yakho ingaba nesokhethi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Lezi yizinhlanganisela ezivame kakhulu:
Yiziphi izixhumi/ukuxhumana ezikhona?
- Ake siqale ngesokhethi (Schuko): lena isokhethi yepulaki evamile. Yebo ikulungele ukuxhuma ishaja efika nemoto. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lena yindlela elula yokushaja. Futhi futhi enensa. Ijubane lokushaja lifinyelela ku-3,7 kW (230 V, 16 A).
Ukuxhumana okudala kwezimoto zikagesi
- I-CEE: Imfoloko enzima kakhulu itholakala ezinguqulweni ezimbalwa. Iwuhlobo lwepulaki engu-230V, kodwa inzima kancane. Ungase ukwazi okuhlukile kwezigxobo ezintathu okwesibhakabhaka ngekamu. Kukhona nenguqulo yezigxobo ezinhlanu, ngokuvamile ebomvu. Ingakwazi ukuphatha ama-voltage aphezulu, kodwa ngakho-ke ifaneleka kuphela ezindaweni lapho amandla ezigaba ezintathu etholakala khona, njengezinkampani. Lezi stubs azivamile kakhulu.
- Thayipha 1: XNUMX-pin plug, eyayisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zase-Asia. Isibonelo, izizukulwane zokuqala zeLeaf kanye nenani lama-plug-in hybrids njenge-Outlander PHEV ne-Prius plug-in hybrid yabelana ngalesi sixhumanisi. Lawa mapulaki awasasetshenziswa, ashabalala kancane kancane emakethe.
- I-CHAdeMo: Izinga lokushaja okusheshayo laseJapan. Lokhu kuxhumana, isibonelo, ku-Nissan Leaf. Kodwa-ke, izimoto ezinoxhumo lwe-CHAdeMo ngokuvamile nazo ziba nokuxhumeka kohlobo loku-1 noma lwe-Type 2.
Izixhumanisi ezibaluleke kakhulu kuze kube manje
- Thayipha 2 (Mennekes): Lena indinganiso eYurophu. Cishe zonke izimoto zanamuhla zikagesi neze-hybrid ezivela kubakhiqizi baseYurophu zinalokhu kuxhumana. Amazinga okushaja asukela ku-3,7 kW ngesigaba ngasinye ukuya ku-44 kW ngezigaba ezintathu ngokusebenzisa i-alternating current (AC). U-Tesla uphinde wenza le plug yafaneleka ukushajwa kwamanje (DC) okuqondile. Lokhu kwenza isivinini sokushaja esiphezulu sibe nokwenzeka.Okwamanje, ngeshaja esheshayo ezinikele yakwaTesla (Ishaja), kungenzeka ukushaja kuze kufike ku-250 kW ngalolu hlobo lwepulaki.
- I-CCS: Isistimu Yokushaja Ehlanganisiwe. Leli ipulaki Lohlobo 1 noma Lohlobo 2 lwe-AC elihlanganiswe nezigxobo ezimbili eziwugqinsi ukuze zishaje ngokushesha i-DC. Ngakho-ke le plug isekela izinketho zokushaja zombili. Lokhu ngokushesha kuba indinganiso entsha yemikhiqizo emikhulu yaseYurophu.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthenga isiteshi sokushaja, udinga ukunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwepulaki oludingayo. Lokhu, kunjalo, kuncike emotweni kagesi oyikhethayo. Uma uthenga imoto kagesi entsha, mahle amathuba okuthi inoxhumo lwe-Type 2 / CCS. Kukhona ezinye izixhumi ezithengisiwe, nokho, ngakho hlola ngokucophelela ukuthi imoto yakho inasiphi isixhumi.
Izindleko zesiteshi sokushaja ekhaya
Izintengo zesiteshi sokushaja sasekhaya ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Izindleko zinqunywa umphakeli, uhlobo lokuxhuma kanye nomthamo wesiteshi sokushaja. Isiteshi sokushaja esinezigaba ezintathu, vele, sibiza kakhulu kunesitolo esisekelwe phansi. Kuphinde kuncike ekutheni unaso yini isiteshi sokushaja esihlakaniphile esifakiwe. Isiteshi sokushaja esihlakaniphile sisebenzisa ikhadi lokushaja futhi sikhokhela ngokuzenzakalelayo izikweletu zamandla omqashi wakho.
Izindleko zesiteshi sokushaja ekhaya zihluka kakhulu. Ungathenga isiteshi sokushaja esilula ngaphandle kokuzikhahlela ngokwakho ngama-euro angama-200. Isiteshi sokushaja esihlakaniphile esinezigaba ezintathu esinokuxhumana okukabili, esikuvumela ukuthi ushaje izimoto ezimbili, singabiza u-€ 2500 noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abenzi be-EV abaningi manje sebehlinzeka ngamashaja. Lawa mashaja alungele imoto yakho.
Izindleko ezengeziwe zokusetha isiteshi sokushaja nokumisa ekhaya
Iziteshi zokushaja nokufakwa kwazo kutholakala ngazo zonke izinhlobo nosayizi. Ngaphandle kwezindleko zesiteshi sokushaja ezishiwo ngenhla, kukhona nezindleko zokusifaka. Kodwa, njengoba sichazile ekuqaleni, kuncike ngempela esimweni sasekhaya. Ukufaka isiteshi sokushaja kungaba lula njengokumane uxhume udonga kunethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya engu-230 V.
Kodwa lokhu kungasho futhi ukuthi isigxobo kufanele sifakwe amamitha angu-15 ukusuka endlini yakho, ukuthi udinga ukwelula ikhebula ukusuka kumitha yakho ukuya kulo. Amaqembu engeziwe, amamitha okusetshenziswa noma izigaba ezengeziwe zingadingeka. Ngamafuphi: izindleko zingahluka kakhulu. Yazi kahle futhi uvumelane ngokucacile nomnikezeli kanye / noma isifaki mayelana nomsebenzi okufanele wenziwe. Ngale ndlela ngeke ubhekane nanoma yiziphi lezimanga ezingajabulisi kamuva.
