Ukushaja imoto eyi-hybrid: izinhlobo zezitolo, intengo, ubude besikhathi
Okuqukethwe
Isimiso semoto ehlanganisiwe
Ngokungafani nezitimela zikadizili noma izimoto zikagesi ezingu-100%, izimoto ezixubile zisebenza nazo motor kabili ... Bahlonyiswe ngokuthi:
- Injini yokushisa (i-diesel, i-petroli noma i-biofuel);
- Imoto kagesi enebhethri.
Izimoto ezihlanganisiwe zifakwe ikhompuyutha ehlala ihlaziya umthombo wamandla anikezwa amasondo okushayela. Kuye ngezigaba ezihlukene zokuhamba (ukuqala, ukusheshisa, isivinini esikhulu, ukubhuleka, ukuma, njll.), ubuchwepheshe bungalawula noma injini yokushisa noma injini kagesi ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele.
Izindlela zokushaja ezahlukahlukene zemoto eyi-hybrid
Uma zonke izimoto eziyi-hybrid zinikwa amandla yile njini engamawele, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimoto. Ngempela, kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezimoto ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-hybrid kanye nezimoto ezibizwa nge-plug-in hybrid.
Izimoto ezihlanganisiwe
Abuye abizwe ngokuthi ama-non-rechargeable hybrids noma ama-HEVs ngoba "
Izimoto zikagesi ezihlanganisiwe
". Isizathu silula: lezi zimoto ziyazishaja ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bangaphakathi. Kubizwa amandla kinetic : Imoto ishajwa kabusha ngakho konke ukubhuleka noma ukwehla ngenxa yokujikeleza kwamasondo. Lokhu kukhiqiza amandla atholakala ngokushesha ukuze kunikwe amandla ibhethri.
Kulolu hlobo lwemoto eyi-hybrid, abasebenzisi abanawo umbuzo wokushajwa kabusha: kwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngaphandle kwanoma yisiphi isenzo.
I-plug-in hybrid izimoto
Abizwa nangokuthi ama-PHEV, ngoba
"Plug-in hybrid electric imoto."
Njengoba igama lisho, lezi zimoto zidinga ukushajwa ukuze ibhethri likagesi lisebenze. Ukungalungi uma kuqhathaniswa nama-hybrids angaphinde ashajwe, kodwa futhi inzuzo yangempela. Lokhu kushajwa kabusha okwenziwa ngesandla, okulula ukukuxhumela endaweni kagesi noma kutheminali, kuyahlinzeka ukuzimela okukhulu.... Nakuba i-hybrid engashajwa futhi inobubanzi bamakhilomitha ambalwa ngenjini kagesi, i-plug-in hybrid inobubanzi obungamakhilomitha angu-50 nenjini kagesi. Ngokungeziwe kule ndlela yokushaja yokuxhumeka, izimoto eziyingxubevange ezishajwa kabusha zishajwa kabusha ngokuthola amandla ngesikhathi sezigaba zokuhlehlisa nezokubhuleka kanye nokusebenzisa injini yokushisa ukuze kuphehle ugesi.
Ungakhokhisa kuphi i-hybrid?
Ukuze ushaje futhi unikeze amandla imoto yakho eyi-plug-in hybrid, vele uyixhume endaweni yokushaja noma itheminali ezinikele. Abanikazi bangakhetha phakathi kwezinketho ezihlukene zokuxhuma imoto kumapayipi amakhulu:
- Ekhaya ngokusebenzisa isitolo sasekhaya noma itheminali ezinikele;
- Esiteshini sokushaja somphakathi.
Ukushaja kwasekhaya
Namuhla, u-95% wezimoto zikagesi neze-hybrid zikhokhiswa ekhaya. Ukushaja kwasekhaya kuyisixazululo esidume kakhulu sokushaja sabanikazi bezimoto eziyingxubevange. Ekhaya, ungasebenzisa indawo yokuphuma eqinisiwe noma isiteshi sokushaja esizinikezele.
Eqinisweni, ukuze ushaje imoto yakho ngokuphephile, kubalulekile ukufaka okokusebenza okuzinikezele kokushaja: ukuxhuma endaweni evamile yasendlini akunconywa. Lezi zitolo aziqinile noma aziphephile ngokwanele, ngakho-ke kunengozi yokushisa kukagesi. Njengoba izitolo zasendlini zingaxhumekile ezintanjeni zikagesi ezihlukene, ukushisa ngokweqile kungalimaza lonke uhlelo lukagesi ekhaya. Lesi sixazululo, okungenzeka ukuthi sihehe njengoba singonga, sibuye sihamba kancane ngenxa yokuncipha kwaso. Nikeza ibanga elicishe libe ngu-10 km ngehora lokushaja.
Imfoloko eqinisiwe idinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane, kodwa ikuvumela ukuthi ukhokhise imoto yakho ngokushesha nangokuphepha. Amasokhethi aqinisiwe alinganiselwe amandla asuka ku-2,3 kW kuya ku-3,7 kW (kuyahlukahluka kuye ngemoto). Udinga nje ukuzixhuma emotweni usebenzisa intambo yohlobo lwe-E efanayo, futhi ukushajwa kabusha kuzoba ngokushesha: uhla oluvumelekile lungamakhilomitha angama-20 ngehora lokushajwa kabusha. Njengoba zifakwe i-circuit breaker yamanje efanelekile, ayikho ingozi yokulayisha ngokweqile.
Isinqumo sokugcina ekhaya - ukushaja ngokusebenzisa itheminali ekhethekile ebizwa nge-Wallbox. Kuyibhokisi elixhunywe odongeni futhi lixhunywe kuphaneli kagesi ngesekethe. Amandla e-Wallbox angahluka kusuka ku-3 kW kuya ku-22 kW. Itheminali yamandla aphakathi nendawo (7 kW) ingashaja cishe amakhilomitha angama-50 ngehora ngalinye lokushaja. Lesi sixazululo sidinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuningi.
Ishaja esiteshini sokushaja somphakathi
Namuhla inombolo iziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi ukwanda eFrance naseYurophu, futhi lo mkhuba uyaqhubeka. Ngo-2019, cishe babeyizinkulungwane ezingama-30 kubo eFrance. Angatholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zesevisi yezimoto, ezindaweni zokupaka izimoto, ezindaweni eziminyene noma eduze nezindawo zokuthenga. Izinkampani ezengeziwe zinikeza iziteshi zokushaja kubasebenzi bazo. Isinyathelo esibavumela ukuthi bashaje imoto yabo ngezikhathi zomsebenzi.
Iziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi zinikeza ukusebenza okufanayo kuma-Wallboxes. Izikhathi zokushaja zifushane, kodwa zingahluka kuye ngamandla emoto eyingxubevange.
Okuhle Ukwazi: Ezinye izimoto nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zingakhomba iziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi eziseduze uma ushayela.
Imaphi amandla okushaja okufanele ngiwakhethe?
Indlela elula yokuthola amandla alungile okushaja emoto yakho iwukuba ubheke imanuwali yomnikazi oyinikezwe ukuthi uyidayise. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi amamodeli ayi-hybrid okwamanje asemakethe awavumeli ngaphezu kuka-7,4 kW. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukuzihlomisa nge-Wallbox, akwenzeki ukutshala imali kumodeli enamandla kakhulu.
Amandla okushaja ancike endaweni yokushaja ekhethiwe. Emthonjeni wasendlini, amandla angafinyelela ku-2,2 kW, futhi endaweni eqinisiwe - kufika ku-3,2 kW. Ngetheminali ethize (Wallbox), amandla angakhuphuka afinyelele ku-22 kW, kodwa lolo hlobo lwamandla alusebenzi kumongo wemoto eyi-hybrid.
Kubiza malini ukushaja imoto eyihybrid?
Intengo yokushajwa imoto hybrid incike nemingcele eziningana:
- Imodeli yemoto nosayizi webhethri;
- Inani nge-kWh ngayinye, ikakhulukazi yokushaja kwasekhaya kanye nenketho ye-tariff (ihora eligcwele / ihora lokuphumula);
- Isikhathi sokulayisha.
Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukunikeza isibalo esiqondile, ngoba isiteshi segesi ngasinye sinemingcele ehlukene. Kodwa-ke, kungashiwo ukuthi ukushaja ekhaya kubiza kancane (ngokwesilinganiso € 1 kuya ku-3 € ngesitolo esisodwa). Eziteshini zokushaja zomphakathi, amanani ngokuvamile awasethwa ngentengo nge-kWh ngayinye, kodwa ngentengo engashintshi ngesikhathi sokuxhuma. Amaphakheji ayahluka kakhulu ngendawo noma izwe.
Kuhle ukwazi: Ezinye izitolo ezinkulu noma izitolo zinikeza iziteshi zokushaja zamahhala ezindaweni zazo zokupaka izimoto ukuze zihehe amakhasimende afana ne-Ikéa, Lidl noma i-Auchan.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukushaja imoto eyi-hybrid?
Isikhathi sokushajwa kabusha
Isikhathi sokushaja semoto eyi-hybrid sincike kulokhu:
- Uhlobo lwepulaki noma isiteshi sokushaja esisetshenzisiwe;
- Umthamo webhethri lemoto.
Ukubala isikhathi kushajwe ngokuphelele, edingekayo emotweni yakho, ungamane uhlukanise umthamo wemoto eyi-hybrid okukhulunywa ngayo ngamandla ephuzu lokushaja. Uma sithatha njengesibonelo imodeli enamandla angu-9 kWh nobubanzi obusuka ku-40 kuya ku-50 km, kuzothatha cishe amahora angu-4 ukushaja kusuka ku-outlet yasendlini (10A), amahora angu-3 nge-outlet eqinisiwe (14A), Amahora angu-2 imizuzu engu-30 enetheminali ethile enamandla angu-3,7, 1 kW kanye no-20x7,4 enetheminali ethize engu-XNUMX kW (umthombo: Zenplug).
Kukhona futhi izilingisi zesikhathi sokushaja eziku-inthanethi ezikuvumela ukuthi ulinganisele isikhathi esisithathayo ukugcwalisa imoto yakho eyingxubevange. Okufanele ukwenze ukukhombisa imodeli yemoto yakho kanye nohlobo lwepulaki oyisebenzisayo.
Isikhathi sokuzimela
Izikhathi zokushayela ze-plug-in hybrid izimoto ziyahlukahluka ngamamodeli.
Ngezansi izibalo ezimaphakathi zezimoto eziyingxubevange njengemoto yedolobha nesedan:
| Amandla esiteshi sokushaja | Ukuzimela kwemoto enehora elingu-1 lokushaja imoto yedolobha | Ukuzilawula kwemoto ngehora elingu-1 lokushajwa kabusha kwe-sedan |
| I-2,2 kW | 10 km | 7 km |
| I-3,7 kW | 25 km | 15 km |
| I-7,4 kW | 50 km | 25 km |
Umthombo: ZenPlug
Qaphela: Qaphela impilo yebhethri. Ngokuvamile awuvamisile ukulinda ukuthi amabhethri aphele ukuze ashaje imoto yakho.
Mayelana nempilo yebhethri, kuya ngemodeli nokusetshenziswa kwemoto. Sicela uqaphele, nokho, ukuthi abakhiqizi abaningi bebhethri nabo banewaranti (isb. iminyaka engu-8 yePeugeot neRenault).
Singaqhubeka nokushayela uma imoto yehlisiwe?
Yebo, futhi lawo mandla ezimoto ezihlanganisiwe. Uma ibhethri lakho likagesi liphansi, ikhompuyutha yemoto ihlakaniphe ngokwanele ukuthi ingadlulisela ithoshi enjinini yokushisa. Ngakho-ke, imoto eyi-hybrid engalayishiwe ayiyona inkinga inqobo nje uma ithangi lakho lingenalutho. Nakuba kutuswa ukuthi uyikhokhise ngokushesha ukuze usebenzise imoto yakho ngendlela efanele, lokhu ngeke kuphazamise ukushayela kwakho.
